Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
It is a presentation containing description of the following two ways of determining the moisture content of soil:
1. Oven Dry Method
2. Speedy Moisture Test
This presentation covers the topic of particle size classification, dry sieve analysis, wet sieve analysis, sedimentation analysis, stokes law, methods of sedimentation analysis, Indian Standard Soil classification system.
Determination of consolidation properties (like CV, CC, CS, t90, mv, av) of the given soil specimen (Dhanauri Clay) by conducting one-dimensional consolidation test using fixed ring type setup.
Learning Outcomes:-
1. From consolidation test, the following information can be determined:
a) Amount of settlement experienced by a soil-structure after load application
b) Rate of consolidation of soil under a normal load
c) Degree of consolidation at any time
d) Pressure void ratio relationship
e) Coefficient of consolidation at various successively increasing pressure
f) Permeability of soil at various stages of loading
g) Compression index of soil
2. The general procedure for laboratory evaluation of consolidation characteristics of soils involves a one-dimensional consolidation.
This is necessary because of:
• Difficulty of instrumentation for recording volume change and natural strains.
• Complexities in mathematical analysis of three-dimensional consolidation.
3. The underlying assumptions in the derivation of the mathematical equations are as follows:
• The clay layer is homogeneous.
• The clay layer is saturated, the compression of the soil layer is due to the change in volume only, which in turn, is due to the squeezing out of water from the void spaces.
• Darcy’s law is valid.
• Deformation of soil occurs only in the direction of the load application.
4. Effects of ring friction
• During loading reduce stress acted on the specimen, specimen compresses less.
• During rebound reduce the swelling tendency specimen swell less.
• Flatten the swelling curve at low stress level.
5. Resultant Cv decreases with increasing stress, implying its NC clay.
6. Sample was preserved in polybag to check loss of moisture content.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Lecture 11 Shear Strength of Soil CE240Wajahat Ullah
Shear Strength of Soil
Shear strength in soils
Introduction
Definitions
Mohr-Coulomb criterion
Introduction
Lab tests for getting the shear strength
Direct shear test
Introduction
Procedure & calculation
Critical void ratio
Particle Size Distribution & Classification of Soilwasim shaikh
According to the US classification standards, soil particles are divided into seven grades: clay particles <0.002 mm, silt particles 0.002–0.05 mm, very fine sand 0.05–0.1 mm, fine sand 0.1–0.25 mm, medium sand 0.25–0.5 mm, coarse sand 0.5–1.0 mm, and very coarse sand 1–2 mm.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
It is a presentation containing description of the following two ways of determining the moisture content of soil:
1. Oven Dry Method
2. Speedy Moisture Test
This presentation covers the topic of particle size classification, dry sieve analysis, wet sieve analysis, sedimentation analysis, stokes law, methods of sedimentation analysis, Indian Standard Soil classification system.
Determination of consolidation properties (like CV, CC, CS, t90, mv, av) of the given soil specimen (Dhanauri Clay) by conducting one-dimensional consolidation test using fixed ring type setup.
Learning Outcomes:-
1. From consolidation test, the following information can be determined:
a) Amount of settlement experienced by a soil-structure after load application
b) Rate of consolidation of soil under a normal load
c) Degree of consolidation at any time
d) Pressure void ratio relationship
e) Coefficient of consolidation at various successively increasing pressure
f) Permeability of soil at various stages of loading
g) Compression index of soil
2. The general procedure for laboratory evaluation of consolidation characteristics of soils involves a one-dimensional consolidation.
This is necessary because of:
• Difficulty of instrumentation for recording volume change and natural strains.
• Complexities in mathematical analysis of three-dimensional consolidation.
3. The underlying assumptions in the derivation of the mathematical equations are as follows:
• The clay layer is homogeneous.
• The clay layer is saturated, the compression of the soil layer is due to the change in volume only, which in turn, is due to the squeezing out of water from the void spaces.
• Darcy’s law is valid.
• Deformation of soil occurs only in the direction of the load application.
4. Effects of ring friction
• During loading reduce stress acted on the specimen, specimen compresses less.
• During rebound reduce the swelling tendency specimen swell less.
• Flatten the swelling curve at low stress level.
5. Resultant Cv decreases with increasing stress, implying its NC clay.
6. Sample was preserved in polybag to check loss of moisture content.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Lecture 11 Shear Strength of Soil CE240Wajahat Ullah
Shear Strength of Soil
Shear strength in soils
Introduction
Definitions
Mohr-Coulomb criterion
Introduction
Lab tests for getting the shear strength
Direct shear test
Introduction
Procedure & calculation
Critical void ratio
Particle Size Distribution & Classification of Soilwasim shaikh
According to the US classification standards, soil particles are divided into seven grades: clay particles <0.002 mm, silt particles 0.002–0.05 mm, very fine sand 0.05–0.1 mm, fine sand 0.1–0.25 mm, medium sand 0.25–0.5 mm, coarse sand 0.5–1.0 mm, and very coarse sand 1–2 mm.
Determination of undrained shear strength of cohesive soil using lab vane shear test.
1. The formula for shear strength is based on following assumptions:
● Shearing Strength in the Horizontal and Vertical directions are the same.
● At the peak value, Shear Strength is equally mobilized at the end surface as well as at the center,
● The shear surface is cylindrical and has a diameter equal to the diameter of the vane.
2. The test gives the undrained strength of the soil. The undisturbed and remolded strength obtained are also useful for evaluating the sensitivity of soil. The data acquired from vane shear test can be used to determine: Undrained shear strength, Evaluate rapid loading strength for total stress analysis, Sensitivity of soil to disturbance, Analysis of stability problems with embankment on soft ground.
3. With increase in water content undrained shear strength decreases for given soil sample.
4. It is a quick test so it can be assumed as an undrained test.
Determination of undrained shear strength of cohesive soil using lab vane shear test.
1. The formula for shear strength is based on following assumptions:
● Shearing Strength in the Horizontal and Vertical directions are the same.
● At the peak value, Shear Strength is equally mobilized at the end surface as well as at the center,
● The shear surface is cylindrical and has a diameter equal to the diameter of the vane.
2. The test gives the undrained strength of the soil. The undisturbed and remolded strength obtained are also useful for evaluating the sensitivity of soil. The data acquired from vane shear test can be used to determine: Undrained shear strength, Evaluate rapid loading strength for total stress analysis, Sensitivity of soil to disturbance, Analysis of stability problems with embankment on soft ground.
3. With increase in water content undrained shear strength decreases for given soil sample.
4. It is a quick test so it can be assumed as an undrained test.
index properties of soil, Those properties of soil which are used in the identification and classification of soil are known as INDEX PROPERTIES
Water content
Specific gravity
In-situ density
Particle size
Consistency
Relative Density
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
3. Applications
Gradation of soil:
Well graded
Poorly graded
Proportioning of soil for mix design
Design of filters
4. Theory
If more than 50% of sample is retained on IS Sieve
4.75mm,
sample is gravel
If more than 50% of sample passes through IS Sieve
5. Theory
Coefficient of Curvature :
Cc = D30
2
D10 x D60
Between 1 -3 : Well graded gravel and sand
6. Theory
Uniformity Coefficient :
Cu = D60
D10
More than 4 - Well graded gravel
More than 6 – Well graded sand
(IS 1498 - 1970)
7. Theory
Fineness modulus (FM) :
sum of total percentage of
the
FM = sample retained on each
sieve
100
2 – 4 : fine soil
8. Apparatus
Two set of sieves:
Set1:
IS sieves of size 300mm, 80mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm,
4.75mm
Set 2 :
IS sieves of size
2mm,0.85mm,0.425mm,0.15mm,0.075mm
Mechanical Shaker
Brush
Oven
9. Procedure
For sample retaining on 4.75mm sieve ,
Use set 1 – 5kg sample
For sample passing through 4.75mm sieve,
Use set 2 – 1kg sample
10. Procedure
Clean all the sieves and pan properly with
brush.
Arrange the sieves according to size, with pan
at bottom and size increasing upwards.
Put the sample in top sieve and Place it in the
shaker.
Ensure that the sieves are held tightly in the
shaker.
11. Procedure
Operate the shaker for 5-10 minutes.
Weight the material retained on each sieve to
nearest 1 gram.
12.
13. Precautions
While drying, the temperature of oven should
not be more than 105°C because higher
temperature may cause permanent change in
0.075mm material.
During shaking, soil sample should not be
allowed to come out.
For plotting, percent finer should be
determined with respect to total soil taken for
