2. Contents
Energy
Conventional source of energy
Energy and economics
Commercial form of energy
Global Energy Consumption
Need to reform in energy sector
Global Energy Crises
Kyoto Protocol
Energy Scenario in India
Electricity Act 2003
Energy Conservation Act 2001
Future energy resource
2
3. Contents
Renewable energy and sustainable development
Renewable Energy in India
Renewable Energy Policy Framework
research organization
Conclusion
3
4. Energy
It is a ‘capacity to do work’
In modern era people depend upon energy
Fossil fuel like coal, oil & natural gas are main source
of energy
Energy can be classified into several types based on
the following criteria:
1. Primary and Secondary energy
2. Commercial and Non commercial energy
3. Renewable and Non-Renewable energy
4
7. Conventional Source of Energy
Coal, oil and natural gas are the major source of energy
from longtime
Still 80% energy requirement is fulfill by fossil fuel
Coal play a major role to run thermal power plant
Due to rapid industrialization, consumption increase
manifold
Oil and gas decide the economic condition of country
These resources are limited and must be conserve
Main cause of air pollution and global warming
7
8. Energy and Economics
Energy is essential for Economic growth
Economics growth is essential for country like India
Ratio of energy demand and GDP is useful indicator for
Economics growth
Per Capita Energy Consumption of USA 13246 kwh/Year
India Per capita consumption is about 684kwh/Year
Economic growth of country is depend upon rate of
improvement in per capita energy consumption
8
10. Commercial form of Energy
Energy resource which is economical and technically
acceptable is known as commercial fuel
i.e. , after the invention of IC engine, oil become a
commercial fuel
Coal, oil and gas are used.
For sustainable growth, people look forward for new
available form of energy
Nuclear and hydro energy is one of the clean fuel and
have a future
10
13. Global Energy Consumption
There is uneven pattern of energy consumption in
different country
Developed country have a population of 10%, use
approx. 90% of the available resources
One the other side, there is country where people
depend on wood as a form of energy
From last 20 year developing country focus on energy
sector
Rate of growth in energy sector in developed country is
1% to 2%, but in developing country growth rate is 7 to
8%.
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14. 684
680
3298
7081
7848
10720
13246
14030
9389
0 5000 10000 15000
India
Indonesia
China
Germany
Japan
Australia
USA
Sweden
United Arab Emirates
Per Capita Energy Consumption (kWh)
Per Capita Energy
Consumption (kWh)
Source: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC
14
15. Need to reform in Energy sector
Developing countries require substantial investments
in their power sectors to sustain economic growth and
reduce poverty
Fossil fuels are depleted and need proper care
Global pollution level increase and there is threat of
global warming
Oil & gas crisis in 1980
Kyoto Protocol sign by country to reduce carbon
emission
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16. Global Energy Crises
Global Energy requirement increases continuously
Fuel resources are depleted
Oil price increase continuously
It put pressure on country economic
Oil war start (developed country pressurized oil rich
country)
It is estimated that in next 50-60 year oil & gas
resources are consumed
16
17. Kyoto Protocol
First legal international agreement on climate
protection
It aim to reduce the level of Green House Gas emission
Annex-B country must limit there emissions of
GHG, most notably CO2 from fossil fuel combustion
Annex-B country reduce GHG emission by 5.2% on
1990 average (achieve goal by 2012)
There is system for carbon credit
It lack economic and environmental policy objective
Developing country are not much interested in kyoto
protocol
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18. Energy Scenario in India
India is a seventh largest country and have a population
of 1.2 billion people
To maintain growth rate, need rapid growth in energy
sector
41% of electricity generation from thermal power plant
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19. Energy scenario in India
By 2016-2017, total domestic energy production of 670
million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE). This meet only
71% of the expected demand.
As per the 2011 Census, 55.3% rural households had
access to electricity
Still most of the rural area have limited supply hours of
electricity
India ready to exploit renewable energy resources
19
20. Electricity ACT 2003
Role of Government : National Electricity Policy and
tariff policy
Rural electrification
Splitting the structure: Genco, Transco and Discos
Consumer protection
Trading and market development
Formation of Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
Restructuring of State Electricity Board (SEB)
Measures against theft of electricity
Renewable energy utilization
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21. Energy Conservation Act 2001
much-needed legal framework and institutional
arrangement for embarking on an energy efficiency drive
Energy auditing for designated consumer like energy
intensive industry, railway, commercial building, Power
Plant etc.
Establishment of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
Role of BEE: standard and labels of appliances, undertake
promotional activity, prepare building codes, maintain
central energy conservation fund etc.
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22. Future Energy Resources
Current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy
crisis this century
Energy industry start inventing new ways to extract
energy from renewable sources
Due to lack of technology and economic
consideration, total shift toward renewable energy is
not possible
Nuclear energy have a future
Solar thermal plant, solar PV plant, wind energy play a
crucial role to satisfy the energy demand
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23. Renewable Energy and Sustainable
Development
Sustainable Development: “to meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future”
Effect of conventional source of energy: air pollution, acid
precipitation, ozone depletion, forest destruction, and
emission of radioactive substances
There is shortage of energy in near future
more use of renewable energy sources and technologies is
one of the solution
Renewable energy is a direct or indirect form of solar energy
Research is going on to make renewable energy economical
Once technology develop in renewable energy field, it help
in national sustainable economic growth
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24. Renewable Energy in India
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) come
in picture in 2006
It work to increase the share of renewable energy
3.74
1.77 2.39
0.21
2.21
19.93
0
5
10
15
20
25
Output in GW
(Cumulative deployment of renewable energy as on 31.10.2013)
:Source MNRE
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25. Wind Energy
India have a wind potential of 50 GW at 50m height
Costal region in southern part of India is one of the
best site of wind energy
India is a fifth largest wind power producer in world
Wind energy sector is one of the fastest growing
renewable energy sector
Assessment of wind energy resource is done by C-WET
(Centre for Wind Energy Technology)
R&D and testing is done by C-WET
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26. Biomass Power Programme
Objective of harnessing grid quality power from
biomass
Biomass material like bagasse, rice husk, cotton and
jute waste, de oiled cakes etc. are used to produce
energy
Bagasse based cogeneration in sugar mill have a
potential of 5000 MW
Biogas based generation in village using animal waste
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27. Small Hydro Plant
Hydro plant of capacity less than 25 MW
Estimated potential of small hydro plant is 20 GW
It help to provide electricity in remote area
Government plant to electrify boarder village of
Arunachal Pradesh using small hydro plant
AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre),IIT Roorkee
is work to design international level R&D and testing
facility
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28. Solar Power
With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India have
abundant solar potential
Daily average solar energy incident over India varies
from 4 to 7 kWh/m2
Technology advancement and drop in price of PV
module make solar PV plant a good choice
National Solar Mission launch to encourage solar
energy
Solar PV plant type:
1. Grid connected solar PV plant
2. Off grid (StandAlone) PV plant
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29. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission
Launched on 11 January 2010
It aim:
1. Deployment of 20000 MW of grid connected solar
plant by 2022
2. 2000 MW of off grid solar application including 20
million solar lights by 2022
3. 20 million sq. meter of solar thermal collector area
4. R&D and capacity building activities to achieve grid
parity by 2022
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30. Renewable Energy Policy Framework
Budgetary support for research, development and
demonstration of technologies
Financial Incentives, including for renewable energy
applications in rural areas
Promoting private investment through fiscal
incentives, tax holidays, depreciation allowance and
remunerative returns for power fed into the grid.
Finance for renewable energy: IREDA
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31. Research ORGANIZATION
Solar Energy Centre
Centre of Wind Energy Technology (C-WET)
AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre)
IREDA ( Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency)
SECI (Solar Energy Corporation of India)
NCPRE (National Centre for Photovoltaic Research
and Education), IIT Bombay
Renewable energy centre in various IIT and NIT
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32. Conclusion
India, one of the stable economic country depend
upon thermal power plant to meet 45 % demand
To make future brighter India gear up to utilize
renewable resources
Still the share of renewable energy is not significant
Various renewable energy mission launch by
government of India
Growth of renewable sector show that still in future
thermal plant is a main source of energy.
Nuclear plant and large hydro plant replace thermal
power plant in future
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