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The document discusses financial statement analysis and various ratios used to analyze statements, including the current ratio. The current ratio compares a firm's current assets to its current liabilities to measure its ability to pay debts over the next 12 months. It defines current assets and current liabilities, explains the objective of the current ratio is to measure collateral to repay short-term debt, and provides an example calculation using PT. Tower Bersama's 2011 financial statements which showed a current ratio of 1.36.
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Liquidity ratio
Liquidity Ratio
Measures the relationship between current assets and current liabilities with the help of data extracted from the balance sheet of the company
Assess the ability of business to meet its short-term obligation usually one year
Assess whether the business has sufficient cash and current assets to pay back its current liabilities
Types of Liquidity Ratio
Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Cash Ratio
Current Ratio
It measures the ability of the business to meet its current liabilities by converting current assets into cash during the operating cycle of the firm to pay off the debt efficiently on time
Higher the current ratio, better is the firm’s position in managing its working capital
The standard current ratio showing an efficient liquidity is 2:1
Formula, Current Ratio = (𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬)/(𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬)
Quick Ratio
Quick ratio is also known as acid-test ratio
It takes into account only those current assets which are highly liquid so it excludes the inventory/stocks from current asset
Formula, Quick Ratio = (𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬 −𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐬 −𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐝 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐬)/(𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬)
Quick assets = Current Assets – Stocks – Prepaid Expenses
A standard quick ratio is considered to be 1:1 which is safe for any business
Thus, quick ratio is an indicator of a company’s short-term liquidity position and measures ability of business to meet its short-term obligations with most liquid assets
Cash Ratio
Cash ratio is the most stringent measure of liquidity which takes into account only cash & cash equivalents to get the working capital efficiency of business
The metric calculates a company's ability to repay its short-term debt with readily-liquidated cash resources
Formula, Cash Ratio = (𝐂𝒂𝒔𝒉 & 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒉 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔)/(𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬)
Cash equivalents are the assets that can speedily get converted into cash as and when required like cash on hand, demand deposits, money market instruments, savings accounts.
Thank you for Watching
Subscribe to Devtech Finance
Liquidity ratio
This document discusses liquidity ratios, which analyze a company's ability to pay off short-term debts. It defines the current ratio and acid test ratio, and provides formulas to calculate them using data from a company's balance sheet. The current ratio compares a company's current assets to its current liabilities, with a desirable ratio of 1.5-2.0. The acid test ratio is a more stringent measure that excludes inventory from current assets, since it may not be quickly converted to cash. An example calculation shows one company's current ratio is healthy but its acid test ratio indicates it may be experiencing a liquidity crisis.
Examples of Key Ratios for Financial Analysis: Useful Financial Ratios (Expla...
Examples of Key Ratios for Financial Analysis: Useful Financial Ratios (Expla...The-KPI-Examples-Review
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This document defines and provides examples of key financial ratios. It identifies the top 5 ratios as: current ratio, return on investment, equity ratio, dividend yield, and debt to equity ratio. The document explains each ratio's calculation formula. It also calculates ratios like return on investment for Siemens using the company's 2014-2013 financial statements to demonstrate the ratios in practice. Financial ratios are grouped into profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency categories.Examples of the Best Financial Ratios for Analysis: Best Financial Ratios to ...
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This document provides an introduction to finance and accounting concepts. It outlines the objectives of understanding key financial ratios, calculating ratios to assess business performance and predict failure, and discussing limitations of ratio analysis. It defines scarcity in economic terms. It also distinguishes between generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and international financial reporting standards (IFRS). Finally, it describes the basic accounting system including accounts, the chart of accounts, journal entries, the general ledger, trial balances, and adjusting entries.
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This document provides an overview of financial statement analysis and ratio analysis. It defines key financial statements like the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. It also explains the purpose of ratio analysis is to evaluate a firm's performance, liquidity, profitability, and financial stability by calculating and comparing various financial ratios over time and against industry benchmarks. Common ratios covered include liquidity, leverage, activity, and profitability ratios. Ratio analysis is a useful tool but requires comparing ratios to standards and accounting for company and industry differences.
Recommended
Liquidity ratio
Liquidity Ratio
Measures the relationship between current assets and current liabilities with the help of data extracted from the balance sheet of the company
Assess the ability of business to meet its short-term obligation usually one year
Assess whether the business has sufficient cash and current assets to pay back its current liabilities
Types of Liquidity Ratio
Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Cash Ratio
Current Ratio
It measures the ability of the business to meet its current liabilities by converting current assets into cash during the operating cycle of the firm to pay off the debt efficiently on time
Higher the current ratio, better is the firm’s position in managing its working capital
The standard current ratio showing an efficient liquidity is 2:1
Formula, Current Ratio = (𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬)/(𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬)
Quick Ratio
Quick ratio is also known as acid-test ratio
It takes into account only those current assets which are highly liquid so it excludes the inventory/stocks from current asset
Formula, Quick Ratio = (𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐬 −𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐬 −𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐝 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐬)/(𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬)
Quick assets = Current Assets – Stocks – Prepaid Expenses
A standard quick ratio is considered to be 1:1 which is safe for any business
Thus, quick ratio is an indicator of a company’s short-term liquidity position and measures ability of business to meet its short-term obligations with most liquid assets
Cash Ratio
Cash ratio is the most stringent measure of liquidity which takes into account only cash & cash equivalents to get the working capital efficiency of business
The metric calculates a company's ability to repay its short-term debt with readily-liquidated cash resources
Formula, Cash Ratio = (𝐂𝒂𝒔𝒉 & 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒉 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔)/(𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬)
Cash equivalents are the assets that can speedily get converted into cash as and when required like cash on hand, demand deposits, money market instruments, savings accounts.
Thank you for Watching
Subscribe to Devtech Finance
Liquidity ratio
This document discusses liquidity ratios, which analyze a company's ability to pay off short-term debts. It defines the current ratio and acid test ratio, and provides formulas to calculate them using data from a company's balance sheet. The current ratio compares a company's current assets to its current liabilities, with a desirable ratio of 1.5-2.0. The acid test ratio is a more stringent measure that excludes inventory from current assets, since it may not be quickly converted to cash. An example calculation shows one company's current ratio is healthy but its acid test ratio indicates it may be experiencing a liquidity crisis.
Examples of Key Ratios for Financial Analysis: Useful Financial Ratios (Expla...
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Examples of the Best Financial Ratios for Analysis: Best Financial Ratios to ...The-KPI-Examples-Review
In this report we define the best financial ratios for analysis based on web search data in 2015. For some of the best financial ratios were defined their formulas and calculation examples. In all our calculations we used the official financial statements of Siemens AG for the fiscal years ended september 30, 2014 and 2013, namely the consolidated statements of income (D.1), financial position (D.3) and others.Ratio analysis (2)
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This document provides an introduction to finance and accounting concepts. It outlines the objectives of understanding key financial ratios, calculating ratios to assess business performance and predict failure, and discussing limitations of ratio analysis. It defines scarcity in economic terms. It also distinguishes between generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and international financial reporting standards (IFRS). Finally, it describes the basic accounting system including accounts, the chart of accounts, journal entries, the general ledger, trial balances, and adjusting entries.
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The document discusses liquidity ratios, which analyze a firm's short-term financial position and ability to meet current liabilities with current assets. It defines the current ratio as current assets divided by current liabilities, with 1.5:1 typically considered satisfactory. The quick or acid test ratio measures a firm's ability to use quick assets like cash to pay current liabilities immediately, excluding inventory from current assets. Both ratios above 1 indicate a company can meet short-term obligations, while ratios below 1 suggest potential issues with liquidity. The document provides an example calculation of both ratios.
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Pepsi is one of the world's most famous soft drink brands along with Coca-Cola. Pepsi was created in the late 1800s by Caleb Bradham and was originally called Brad's Drink. Over the decades, Pepsi has changed its logo and introduced many famous slogans to appeal to younger generations. Today, PepsiCo generates over $100 billion in annual retail sales from its variety of food and beverage brands like Pepsi, Lay's, Gatorade, and Quaker Oats.
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The document outlines a research project to analyze two American and two British film institutions. It provides lists of major US and UK film companies and instructs the researcher to analyze each selected company's media ownership, use of synergy and cross-media convergence across film production and distribution, and details of three recent films. The researcher is asked to compare how the US and UK companies utilize these strategies and leverage new digital technologies.
Institutional logo research
- NBC Universal is the parent company of Universal and owns many television networks and production companies including NBC, Universal Pictures, theme parks, and Focus Features.
- The Universal logo signifies the institution as powerful and separate from the world, shown in space with a bold golden title on a black background to grab attention.
- Reliance Entertainment is the parent company of DreamWorks which co-produces films with other companies. The DreamWorks logo uses celestial imagery above clouds and moon to symbolize happiness and power above others.
- Warner Bros has had several parent companies over the years and its logo also features a background of clouds and skies, with its initials and title written in shiny gold to represent wealth and high
The pepsi logo by zubi
The document traces the evolution of the Pepsi logo from 1893 to the present. It describes 14 different iterations of the Pepsi logo from its origins as Brad's Drink in 1893 to the current logo introduced in 2014. Each new logo made minor modifications to the design such as changing the font, positioning the text inside or outside the swirls, or making the globe design three-dimensional. The logos tracked Pepsi's shift from its full name to just "Pepsi" and incorporation of its signature blue color.
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This document discusses the history and evolution of the Pepsi logo over time. It began as a handwritten logo by Caleb Bradham in the 1890s and has since undergone many revisions and refinements. In the 1930s, slogans were added to bottles. In the 1940s, the colors were changed to red, white, and blue to support war efforts. The logo style was updated numerous times in subsequent decades, removing "Cola" in 1962, adding the brand name to a box in 1973, and changing the typeface in 1991. The logo continues to evolve to meet market needs. The Pepsi logo is recognized as one of the most iconic logos globally.
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This document summarizes the toothpaste market in India from the 1930s to 2004. It shows that Colgate-Palmolive launched Promise in the 1930s, becoming the early market leader. Hindustan Unilever (HLL) launched Close-Up in 1993 focusing on freshness, and Pepsodent in the late 1980s focusing on oral health benefits. Pepsodent gained market share through dental awareness campaigns. By 2004, HLL's market share had surpassed Colgate-Palmolive's due to Pepsodent targeting families and Close-Up targeting youth with multiple variants on different attributes.
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The document discusses unethical advertising practices. Some examples of unethical advertising include misleading claims, exaggerations, stereotyping women, using children to promote products, unhealthy brand comparisons, and surrogate advertising to promote banned products. Basic principles of ethical advertising include decency, honesty, social responsibility, and truthful presentations without harming others.
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The document discusses the branding and positioning of Horlicks, a popular milk-based health drink in India manufactured by GSK Consumer Health. It describes how Horlicks was initially positioned as a supplement for kids but was later repositioned as a "pleasurable nourishment" by introducing flavored variants. The brand launched several extension products like Junior Horlicks, Women's Horlicks, and Horlicks Nutribar. It discusses Horlicks' marketing campaigns, distribution network, and competitors like Complan and Bournvita.
Ethical dilemma in advertising
This document discusses the ethical dilemmas of advertising in India. It begins by defining advertising and its purposes which include influencing customer behavior and increasing market share. It then discusses ethics in advertising, noting that ethics can vary by culture and time period. Some key unethical issues are misleading claims, stereotyping, using children, and deception. The document outlines laws and regulations governing Indian advertising including self-regulation bodies and codes of conduct. It analyzes several ethical concerns around puffery, exaggeration, untruthful claims, surrogate advertising, offensive content, materialism, and unnecessary purchases. Overall, the document examines the complex issues around balancing effective advertising and ethical standards in India.
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This short document provides a link to a website showcasing the top 15 social awareness advertisements. Viewers are encouraged to watch the ads in full screen for the best viewing experience. The website, www.adverb-nmims.in, hosts social awareness ads ranked among the best.
Cadbury Dairy Milk Ads
Cadbury Dairy Milk (CDM) ads from the 1990s onward sought to redefine chocolate as "meant for the child in every adult" rather than just for kids. This campaign was awarded "The Campaign of the Century" for increasing social acceptance of chocolate among adults. Subsequent CDM campaigns like "Pappu Pass Ho Gaya" and "Kuch meetha hai khana aaj pehli taareekh hai" targeted youth audiences and families, while also conveying positive messages around special occasions, traditions, and values. However, a worm incident later hurt CDM's reputation.
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The document provides an overview of the Horlicks brand, including:
- A brief history of Horlicks starting in the late 1800s in the US and UK and its introduction to India in the 1930s.
- Key events in its timeline such as establishing factories in various countries and launching new products.
- Facts about Horlicks popularity and market position in India.
- Its evolution through innovation, new product launches, and targeting different consumer segments.
- Strategies adopted over time including repositioning, targeting specific demographics, expanding distribution networks, and tackling competition.
Hindustan Unilever limited
This document provides an overview of Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL), a consumer goods company incorporated in 1933 with headquarters in Mumbai, India. It summarizes that HUL has over 16,000 employees, a turnover of 25,206 crores, and is part of the 51 billion euro Unilever Group. The document also outlines HUL's history, innovation initiatives, brand portfolio, and financial performance.
Amul Chocolates
Amul Chocolates' market share has decreased significantly compared to the market leader. The document discusses Amul Chocolates' integrated marketing communication strategy to increase awareness, understand consumer behavior, and formulate a plan to gain market share. It analyzes Amul Chocolates' products, competition, advertising trends, and provides recommendations like introducing new products, increasing promotion through celebrity endorsements, and expanding distribution.
Marketing strategies of pepsi
This document summarizes Pepsi's marketing strategy in Pakistan. It discusses Pepsi's history and introduction to Pakistan in 1971. It then covers Pepsi's product strategy, positioning, pricing, distribution, promotions, competition and target marketing. Pepsi dominates 53% of the Pakistani market but faces threats from competitors like Coca-Cola and health concerns. Opportunities exist in expanding rural distribution and developing new products.
20537240 Parle G Marketing Strategy
This document summarizes a marketing presentation about Parle G biscuits in India. It provides background on the biscuit industry and Parle's market leadership. It discusses Parle G using Porter's 5 forces model and analyzes Parle G's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Key points are that Parle G has 35% market share but faces challenges from competitors increasing prices. Suggestions include keeping Parle G's price stable, targeting rural and young consumers, and associating the brand with government initiatives.
5 social n ethical issues
Advertising plays an important role in brand building and informing the public about available products. However, advertising also faces some social and ethical issues. Advertising has both positive and negative aspects. Positively, it increases sales and brand awareness. Negatively, some ads are deceptive, manipulative, or impact values. Ethical principles like truthfulness, human dignity, and social responsibility should govern advertising. Regulations aim to control false advertising and address health, children, or sensitive product advertising. Self-regulation through defined rules and enforcement is also used to adjudicate unethical ads. Following ethical norms helps gain customer trust and avoid criticism.
Ethical Issues in Advertising
The document discusses ethical issues in advertising. It covers the role of advertising in modern business, including its economic, social and psychological functions. Advertising plays an important role by communicating information about products to consumers and creating markets. However, there are also controversies around its impact. The document outlines guidelines from the Advertising Standards Council of India to ensure advertising is truthful, not offensive or indecent, and observes fairness. Common ethical issues include misleading consumers, using vulgarity or stereotypes, and advertising controversial products like alcohol.
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Final english idham syam (461 10 021)
- 1. Financial Statement Analysis CURRENT RATIO IDHAM SYAM
- 3. FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS Analysis of financial statement is the Process to understand financial activities from Financial statements and use to generate estimates and conclusions useful in conducting our business activities
- 5. 1. operating CF to current liabilities 2. operating CF to total liabilities 3. operating CF to total assets 4. Cash flow adequacy ratio 5. cash reinvestment ratio 1. Univariat 2. Multivariat Z-Score 3. Mulivariat Ohlson (logit) 1.Fundamental analysis 2.Technical Analysis 1.current ratio 2. quick ratio or acid test ratio 3. cash ratio 4. cash flow liquidity ratio 1. financial leverage ratio 2. total debt to total capital ratio 3. total debt to equity capital ratio 4. long-term debt to equity capital 5. short-term debt to total debt cost of goods sold analysis ROIC ROA or ROI ROCE cash return on assets
- 7. Current Ratio The current ratio is a financial ratio that measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months. It compares a firm's current assets to its current liabilities Current Ratio = CurrentAsset CurrentLiabilities Safety Margin= Current Ratio - 1
- 8. Elements Of Current Assets • Cash and cash equivalents • Short-term Investments • Account Receivable • Inventory • prepaid expenses
- 9. Current Liabilities current liabilities are often mean as all liabilities of the business to be settled in cash within the one fiscal year or one operating cycle of a given firm.
- 10. Objective Of Current Ratio Current ratio is used to measure how much collateral asset that belongs to the company to repay short-term debt LIQUID NO LIQUID INFO. Current Asset Current Liabilites IF SAFETY MARGIN < 1 , NO LIQUID
- 12. Current Ratio= 1.186.268 869.746 CR (2011)= Current Asset Current Liabilities CR (2011)= 1,36
- 13. Conclusions From the previous case study, it can be concluded that the • Financial PT.Tower Bersama in 2011 showed that for every Rp 1 current liabilities guaranteed by RP1,6 current assets.