And English and Portuguese presentation about HPLC The file talk about them in mixed slides in English and Portuguese. Describing concrete and high performance concrete and the light weight high performance concrete

1. Betão Leve de Elevado
Desempenho
High Performance Light Weight
Concrete
Universidade do Minho
Departamento de Engenharia Civil
Grupo: Mattos, C. Guimarães , Charles, E. Guimarães , Alshaghel
21/11/2015

2. OUTLINE :
 Introduction
 Definition- What is HPC
 Ingredients
 Properties
 Application
 Contribution to sustainability
 Conclusions

3. Introduction

4. Introduction
High performance ≠High strength
Regarding it as high Performance concrete :
• High strength
• High workability
• High durability
 Concrete is the most used material in the world by the human kind
..after water
Many kinds and types ..several options
• Economical advantages

5. INTRODUCTION
• High performance concrete exceeds the properties of normal
concrete
• Specific characteristics
• For Special environments and applications
• To give excellent performance in the structure

6. INTRODUCTION
Heavyweight HPC Fiber reinforced HPC
Confined HPCLightweight HPC
High performance
Concrete
Conventional
Concrete
Light weight
Concrete
Properties ?

7. HPLC is a concrete, which meets special
performance, and uniformity requirements that
cannot be always achieved by using only the
conventional materials and normal mixing,
placing, and curing practices, also it consist
lower density (light aggregate)
Definition
What is HPLC
HPC is a concrete in which some or all of the
following properties have been enhanced
(a) Ease of placement
(b) Long term mechanical properties
(c) Early age strength
(d) Toughness
(e) Density

8. Ingredients
 Selecting High Quality Materials
• Cement
• Fine aggregate
• Coarse aggregate
• Water
• Mineral admixtures
• Chemical admixtures

9. PROPRIEDADES
 Betão Leve – γ < 2000kg/m³
Referência Massa específica (kg/m³)
RILEM (1975) γ < 2000
CEB-FIP (1977) γ < 2000
NS 3473 E (1992) 1200 < γ < 2200
ACI 213R-87 (1997) 1400 < γ < 1850
CEN prEN 206-25
(1999)
800 ≤ γ ≤ 2000
 Betão Leve de Elevado Desempenho
 γ < 2000kg/m³
 a/c < 0.4
 elevada trabalhabilidade
 alta resistência
 elevada durabilidade

10. Composição Química
 Agregrado grosso – leve
 argila expandia
 vermiculita
 xisto
 Ardósia
 Agregado fino – convencional
 Aglomerante – CEM I 42.5 / 52.5
 400 kg/m³ - 600 kg/m³
 a/c < 0.4
 Superplastificante
 Adições minerais: cinzas volantes, silica
ativa, metacaulino.

11. Propriedades Mecânicas
 Betão como material compósito  Lei das Misturas
 Resistência à compressão do agregado grosso
 Resistência à compressão da matriz cimentícia
 Resistência à compressão do BLED – favorável quando há
proximidade entre as rigidezes dos seus constituintes
 “Os agregados leves diminuem sua resistência à compressão com
o aumento da sua dimensão” (Rossignolo, 2003)
 Resistência à tração do BLED – inferior à do não leve
 Módulo de Elasticidade do BLED – inferior ao do não leve

12. Propriedades fisico-químicas e
limitações
 Permeabilidade
 Densidade
 Porosidade [-]
 Trabalhabilidade
 Condutividade térmica
 Durabilidade
 Resistência à compressão atinge valores mais baixos
 Menor Rigidez

13. Vantagens:
 Baixos custos
 Redução do tempo de montagem
 Fácil manuseamento
 APLICAÇÕES
Pré-fabricados
 Chateau on the Lake, Branson, EUA
 Wellington Stadium, Wellington, Nova Zelândia
 Ponte James River, Richmond, EUA
Resistência à
compressão
(MPa)
Massa
específica
(kg/m³)
41 γ = 1850
35 γ = 1850
35 γ = 1850

14.  OUTRAS APLICAÇÕES
In loco
 Ponte Nordhordland, Noruega
 Museu de Guggenhein, em Bilbau,Espanha
 Tanque South Arne, Noruega
Vantagens
 Propriedas flutuantes
 Baixo peso
Resistência à
compressão
(MPa)
Massa
específica
(kg/m³)
70 γ = 1900
25 γ = 1600
45 a 60 1850<γ <2250

15. CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABILITY
History
The benefits that have made using lightweight aggregate (LWA) economical for
nearly 100 years are the same characteristics that make the material what is now
being called “sustainable.” The use of LWA helps designers, contractors and
owners optimize the design, construction and long-term performance of concrete
structures.
LWA has been contributing to the sustainability of the site and structure of
building projects long before the current green movement came to the forefront.

16. Lightweight aggregate stands on a 2000 year old Foundation of
Sustainability.
Roman period: The first known use of lightweight concrete occurred more than
2000 years ago. There are several lightweight concrete structures in the
Mediterranean region, but the three most notable structures were built during
the early Roman Empire and include the Port of Cosa, the Pantheon Dome, and
the Coliseum.
Masonry
Another early “sustainable” application that is still used today is the 1923
development of lightweight concrete masonry with a higher insulation value,
normal shrinkage, ease of handling and a uniform compressive strength equal to
normal weight concrete masonry.

17. the first sustainable case study for lightweight concrete.
The Port of Cosa, built about 273 B.C., used lightweight concrete made from
natural volcanic materials. These early builders learned that expanded
aggregates were better suited for marine facilities than the locally available beach
sand and gravel. They went 25 miles (40 km) to the northeast to quarry volcanic
aggregates at the Volcano complex for use in the harbor at Cosa. Broken shards
of calcined clay vases were also used in the piers.... the first usage of
manufactured aggregate.
For two millennia they have withstood the forces of nature with only surface
abrasion. They only became obsolete because of siltation of the harbor.

18. Direct sustainable contribution and impact for using light weight
concrete.
 Thermal Insulation
 Fire insulation
 Durability
 Water absorption
 Acoustics properties

19.  Thermal Insulation
Thermal insulation efficiency is defined as resistance to heat flow either through
conduction or radiation. Lightweight concrete has a high heat insulation
resistance Such as porous concrete walls 150mm to provide four times better
insulation than 225mm thick brick wall.
 Fire insulation
Fire prevention is associated with thermal insulation
Fire Resistance, Lightweight concrete is more fire resistant than ordinary normal
weight concrete because of its lower thermal conductivity, lower coefficient of
thermal expansion, and the inherent thermal stability of an aggregate.
 Durability
It is defined as the ability to bear the effects of environment such as the effects of
the chemical, physical stress and mechanical effects. The intended effect of the
chemical, including ground water containing sulfate, air pollution and reactive
liquid spills.

20.  Water absorption
Absorption water by the concrete is high and more than that found in solid
concrete. This is because the lightweight concrete has holes in it.
Penetration of rain water: it is an important element to the wall.
 Acoustics properties
The key factor is the density of the sound insulation material. Therefore for
sound insulation, lightweight concrete cannot show the desired characteristics.

21. Indirect sustainable contribution and impact for using light weight
concrete.
 Embodied Energy
 Energy performance
 Lowering the Environmental Impact of Construction
 Sustainability of the Workforce
 Internal Curing, Cracking, Elastic Compatibility, and Permeability
 Green Roof and Horticulture
 Storm Water Management and Water Treatment

22.  Embodied Energy
The embodied energy to manufacture lightweight aggregate includes mining,
manufacturing, and transporting the material to the jobsite, soil blender, or
building product manufacturer. The cost of this embodied energy is often paid
back in a very short period of time, because less overall material is used, or due
to improved thermal performance, lower transportation costs, and reduction of
labor costs associated with the building elements.
 Energy performance
The use of LWA lowers the thermal conductivity of concrete and provides
significantly better insulating qualities for thermally sensitive applications such
as cryogenic applications or high temperature petroleum storage structures
reducing the concrete density increases its thermal resistance.
This energy cost reduction extends over the life of the structure. The life cycle
cost savings are many times greater than the potential higher first cost of the
block.

23.  Lowering the Environmental Impact
of Construction.
Construction requires transportation! And
there is a direct correlation between
transportation, weight and environmental
impact. Transportation requirements are
directly related to weight and demonstrate an
economic and environmental advantage when
using lightweight aggregate in precast, ready-
mix concrete and masonry.
Table 1 includes two trucking studies
conducted at a U.S. precast plant. These
studies demonstrated that the transportation
cost savings were seven times greater than the
additional cost of lightweight aggregate used
to reduce the concrete density. Fewer trucks
in congested cities are not only an
environmental necessity but will also generate
fewer public complaints.

24.  Sustainability of the Workforce
Ergonomics. One of the best examples of lightweight concrete and ergonomics is
concrete masonry. “Some masons must retire early due to the heavy lifting, and
many masons experience crippling back and shoulder injuries before
retirement”. This continual loss of skilled labor is expensive to replace and can
hardly be considered “sustainable or green”.
At the same strength, lightweight concrete products are up to 40% lighter than
traditional concrete. Lower weight reduces the physical demands on labor and
equipment, resulting in fewer injuries and worker’s compensation claims, as well
as extending equipment life. Repeatedly lifting less weight extends a worker’s
career, and allows women and men to work efficiently.
 Internal Curing, Cracking, Elastic Compatibility, and Permeability
Lightweight fine aggregate batched at a high degree of saturation may be
substituted for an equal volume of normal weight sand to provide internal curing
in concrete. Field experience has shown that High Strength Concrete is not
necessarily High Performance Concrete and that High Performance Concrete
need not necessarily be high strength. A frequent, unintended consequence of
concrete and especially high strength concrete is early-age cracking.

25.  Green Roof and Horticulture.
Lightweight concrete helps to reduce heat island effects by amending soils to
improve landscaping and through its use in both intensive and extensive roof top
gardens. LWA reduces dead load and is non-toxic, odorless, 100% inert and will
not compress, degrade, decompose, or react with agricultural or horticultural
chemicals.
Lightweight concrete resists compaction, improves aeration and is incorporated
into engineered structural soil to support healthy plant growth and improve
drainage while allowing access by heavy emergency vehicles to the edges of
buildings. LWA enhances soil resiliency to climate changes by reducing nutrient
loss and improving moisture retention.
 Storm Water Management and Water Treatment.
The use of lightweight aggregate in site development has assisted designers in
addressing the important issue of storm water management with on-site
treatment. LWA can be used to construct vegetated filter strips, rain gardens,
rain basins, constructed wetlands and bios wales to treat and reduce the amount
of storm water runoff.

26. CONCLUSÕES
• In the weight, the operational and the economical factor, it is a
great alternative
• More HPLC usages are predicted in the civil engineering structures
• the reduced unit mass is a critical advantage.
• higher price of the HPLC is compensated with the construction
reduced costs.
• HPLC characteristics as low permeability and high durability
significantly extend a structures’ service life
• It cannot be stronger than the normal weight HPC that has the
same water/cement ration
• The sustainable role that HPLC play gives it a great advantage

27. Thank you