Intro to editing.

1. Film Studies

2.  The move from one shot to another is called a CUT.
 The editing is how the story is told to the audience, keeping a wide shot is boring,
editing creates visual interest for the audience.
 The edit will also draw and move to what is of interest to the viewer, like assembling a
jigsaw finding the best way to present the story.

3. BASIC EDITING PRINCIPLES
FOR FILMMAKERS
• Shoot for editing. ...
• Select just what the story needs. ...
• Select the important action. ...
• Show something new with each edit. ...
• Vary the shot size and angle. ...
• Step between shot sizes. ...
• Use cutaways to hide jumpy edits. ...
• Use a master shot for an overview.

4.  continuity editing – This is the classical Hollywood editing technique. The devices
most inherent to classical Hollywood cinema are those of continuity editing. This
includes the 180-degree rule, one of the major visual-spatial elements of continuity
editing.
 "With the continuity system, the film could do what the eye does naturally: select and focus
on the quintessential drama. This practice spelt economy in attention, vividness of effect, and
dramatic intensity." (actor Milton Sills in 1928)
 The continuity system organizes the spectator's attention, acting in concert with principles of
depth and centering of composition to guide the eye within and between shots.

5.  Introduces new concepts of causal and temporal unity based on editing, camera
framing and movement, and (later) sound to establish patterns of narrative flow
and logic.
 The continuity style is primarily a visual system, unlike the novel. It breaks with
the tableau-like setting of theater, and isolates and breaks up space through
framing and editing, directing our field of view, unlike theater, which allows our
eye to move more freely over a broader established space.

6. • The 180-degree rule states that two
characters (or more) in a scene should always
have the same left/right relationship with
each other.
• The rule dictates that you draw an imaginary
line between these two characters (or
subjects) and try to keep your camera(s) on
the same side of this 180-degree line.
• If your camera crosses this line, your
audience’s understanding of where the
characters are and their left/right orientation
will be thrown off. And unless you’re
intentionally trying to exploit that, it makes
things look confusing, messy and

7.  Soviet film-maker and film theorist Lev Kuleshov was among
the first people to dissect the effects of juxtaposition within
cinema. Through his early experiments and research,
Kuleshov discovered that depending on how the shots are
assembled within a sequence, the audience will attach
different meanings or emotions to the same image.
 For example, if you show a shot of someone eating soup
followed by a shot of someone looking sad, audiences would
feel sorry for them because they associate the sadness with
the soup they just ate. What he found out is now called the
“Kuleshov Effect.”
 Hitchcock explains the Kuleshov effect -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4AUnLNzi3U
 Battleship Potemkin
 https://youtu.be/VMWMq4AEyjU

8.  Cross cutting – In film editing, crosscutting describes the video editing
technique of switching back and forth between scenes, often giving the
impression that the action occurring in different locations is unfolding at the
same moment.
Inception - https://youtu.be/KmptU7vEkNU
 Matching action - is a type of film transition that cuts from one shot to a
closer shot in order to emphasise an action. Match on action cuts are used
by filmmakers to generate seamless flow in editing. Match on action cuts are
also an important part of continuity editing.
2001 - https://youtu.be/u6ZPZ32a4Qg
 J-Cut - is an editing technique in which the audio of the next scene or
shot precedes the image change. This means that the audience hears the
next scene or shot before they see it. The term J-cut derives from the "J"
shape the edit has on a timeline.
 L-Cut - is when the audio from the preceding scene continues to play
over the footage from the following scene.

9. This is the speed of the cuts.
It could be fast or slow, a film will often have a different pace for different scenes
depending on what is happening.
 A conversation A fight
 The pace will often increase when more dramatic things are happening.

10.  The use of an effect to move from one shot to another
 Dissolve
 Fade to Black
 Wipe

11.  This can be used now for a variety of uses.
 Creating characters
 Creating backgrounds / worlds / universe
 Destroying things that would cost to much to do for real or would never be allowed.