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Figure/Ground
Positive/Negative Shape
Relationships in 2D Art
Figure/Ground
• Figure/Ground: The figure is the subject (not
necessarily a person, but the emotional
focus), and the ground is the area that the
figure occupies
Figure/Ground
• Positive: another name for the “figure”
• Negative: another name for the “ground”
Face/Vase
• Rubin face/vase: example of the
figure/ground flip.
• When you see the face it is the figure and
the vase is the ground…when you see the
vase the face is the ground
• Idea was created by a Dutch psychologist
named Edgar Rubin in 1915.
Figure/Ground
• When you do two things at once you create a
figure/ground relationship
• If you read a book while watching TV
• If you text while driving
• If you talk to a friend while studying
MC Escher
• Born in Holland and studied art at Harlem’s
School of Architecture
• His works explore visual tricks and illusions
• Used figure/ground to show transformation
of objects in his illustrations
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos
Figure ground   logos

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Figure ground logos

  • 1.
  • 3. Figure/Ground • Figure/Ground: The figure is the subject (not necessarily a person, but the emotional focus), and the ground is the area that the figure occupies
  • 4. Figure/Ground • Positive: another name for the “figure” • Negative: another name for the “ground”
  • 5.
  • 6. Face/Vase • Rubin face/vase: example of the figure/ground flip. • When you see the face it is the figure and the vase is the ground…when you see the vase the face is the ground • Idea was created by a Dutch psychologist named Edgar Rubin in 1915.
  • 7.
  • 8. Figure/Ground • When you do two things at once you create a figure/ground relationship • If you read a book while watching TV • If you text while driving • If you talk to a friend while studying
  • 9. MC Escher • Born in Holland and studied art at Harlem’s School of Architecture • His works explore visual tricks and illusions • Used figure/ground to show transformation of objects in his illustrations