This presentation discusses functionally graded materials (FGMs). FGMs are composites with a gradual, continuous transition in composition and structure. They are classified as thin FGMs consisting of thin surface coatings, or bulk FGMs consisting of larger volumes. Common processing techniques for thin FGMs include vapor deposition and plasma spraying, while bulk FGMs can be made using powder metallurgy or centrifugal casting. FGMs have a variety of applications due to properties like resistance to delamination and high impact/abrasion resistance, and are used in industries such as aerospace, defense, energy and medicine.

1. PRESENTATION
ON
Presented By
Sanjay Singh Tomar
FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Why FGM ?
 Classification of FGM
 Processing of FGM`
 Applications
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
Pure metals and non metals
Alloys
Composites
FGM

4. SOME NATURALLY OCCURING FGM
HUMAN SKIN BONE
BAMBOO
TREE

5. WHY FGM ?
 Delamination of composite materials
 No compromise with desirable properties
 High abrasion resistance
 High impact resistance
 Convenience: weldable/boltable to metal supports

6. CLASSIFICATION OF FGM
 Thin FGM:-it consist of relatively thin sections or
thin surface coating.
 Bulk FGM:-it consist of volume of materials which
require more labour intensive processes.

7. PROCESSING TECHNIQUES OF THIN FGM
 Vapour Deposition techniques(i.e.PVD,CVD)
 Plasma Spraying
 Self-propagating High temperature synthesis
(SHS)
 Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD)

8. 1.VAPOUR DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE

9. 2. PLASMA SPRAYING

10. 3.SELF PROPAGATAING HIGH TEMP. SYNTHESIS (SFS)

11. 4. ION BEAM ASSISTED DEPOSITION

12. PROCESSING TECHNIQUES OF BULK FGM
 Powder metallurgy technique
 Centrifugal casting method
 Solid freeform technology

13. 1. POWDER METALLURGY TECHNIQUE

14. 2. CENTRIFUGAL CASTING PROCESS

15. 3. SOLID FREE FORM TECHNOLOGY
 SFF involves five basic steps:
 Generation of CAD data from the software like
AutoCAD, Solid edge etc.
 Conversion of the CAD data to Standard
Triangulation Language (STL) file
 Slicing of the STL into two dimensional cross-
section profiles
 Building of the component layer by layer
 Removal and finishing.

16. 3. SOLID FREE FORM TECHNOLOGY

17. MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF FGM
 Aerospace
 Medicine
 Defense
 Energy
 Optoelectronics

18. OTHER APPLICATIONS OF FGM
 Cutting tool insert coating
 Automobile engine components
 Nuclear reactor components
 Turbine blade
 Heat exchanger
 Fire retardant doors
 Sensors

19. CONCLUSION
 Importance of FGM in engineering and other
applications.
 Flexibility in manufacturing of FGM.
 Bringing down the fabrication cost through
improving the most promising fabrication
method (SFF).

20. THANKS…….