Festival of PGR
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Nuclear diagnostic imaging allows physicians to see how the body is functioning internally by injecting radioactive material called radiopharmaceuticals and detecting the gamma radiation emitted using gamma cameras. The document compares the efficacy of two gamma cameras - the Hybrid Compact Gamma Camera (HCGC) and the XRI-UNO CdTe semiconductor-based detector. Images of a cannula tube filled with radioactive material taken with each camera showed that the HCGC image had higher spatial resolution. The initial studies encourage further evaluation of the HCGC for use in surgical settings over the XRI-UNO.
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ECR2016_C-2206- Layal
This document describes a study comparing the performance of a Hybrid Compact Gamma Camera (HCGC) using two thicknesses of caesium iodide scintillators. Intrinsic spatial resolution, system spatial resolution, and system sensitivity were measured according to established protocols. The 600um scintillator provided better spatial resolution while the 1500um scintillator doubled system sensitivity. Overall, the HCGC shows potential for applications like small organ imaging and surgical procedures, warranting further evaluation and testing with other scintillator materials to optimize performance.
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Helical and multislice CT techniques provide advantages over traditional slice-by-slice CT scanning. Helical CT, also known as spiral CT, involves continuously transporting the patient through the gantry while acquiring data during multiple 360 degree scans, allowing for increased speed, improved image continuity and less motion artifact. Multislice CT uses multiple parallel detectors to scan a greater volume of the patient per rotation, providing shorter acquisition times, improved z-axis resolution, and more information for radiologists. Both techniques rely on technological advances like slip-ring devices and interpolation algorithms to efficiently process the continuously acquired data into diagnostic images.
nuclear medicine
Nuclear Medicine.................
Radioactivity………………
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This document describes a study comparing the performance of a Hybrid Compact Gamma Camera (HCGC) using two thicknesses of caesium iodide scintillators. Intrinsic spatial resolution, system spatial resolution, and system sensitivity were measured according to established protocols. The 600um scintillator provided better spatial resolution while the 1500um scintillator doubled system sensitivity. Overall, the HCGC shows potential for applications like small organ imaging and surgical procedures, warranting further evaluation and testing with other scintillator materials to optimize performance.
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The document provides a brief history of radiation therapy and x-rays, including their discovery in the late 19th century, and developments in equipment over time. It discusses early radiation therapy methods like orthovoltage and kilovoltage treatments. It also summarizes linear accelerators and how they improved upon older cobalt-60 and betatron technology to allow higher energy photon beams for treating deeper tumors. Simulation equipment is covered, comparing conventional versus CT-based simulation and how various imaging modalities can aid treatment planning.
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1) How monoenergetic and polychromatic x-ray sources are used to measure attenuation projections and the artifacts that can arise from beam hardening and scatter.
2) Different scanning methods like fan beam rotational and fixed detector ring configurations.
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This document summarizes the process of simulation for radiation therapy treatment planning from CT imaging to treatment verification. It describes how patient positioning is done using lasers during CT scanning and how the CT images are imported into the treatment planning system. It also explains how the treatment planning system localizes CT markers and defines the isocenter in machine coordinates for treatment. Finally, it summarizes the verification process of aligning the patient using digital reconstructed radiographs and portal images to ensure accurate treatment delivery.
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The document discusses advances in radiation therapy for lung cancer including intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). IGRT uses daily imaging to precisely target tumors and reduces margins needed around tumors. SRT delivers very high radiation doses in one to five fractions directly to tumors, achieving high local control rates for stage I lung cancer. Tomotherapy is highlighted as it provides IGRT capabilities and can perform SRT without needing fiducial markers for targeting.
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The document discusses helical tomotherapy, a form of radiation therapy that uses a rotating x-ray beam. It summarizes a study of 150 patients treated with tomotherapy between 2006-2007 for reasons such as complex tumor geometry or need for image guidance. Setup corrections were often needed based on pretreatment MV CT scans. Treatment times were typically under 25 minutes with minimal increases over time. Tomotherapy allows conformal dose distributions and image-guided radiation for difficult cases near critical organs.
PHYSICS of COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
This document provides an overview of CT scanning technology. It begins with a brief history of x-rays and their discovery in 1895. It then discusses the evolution of CT scanning technology, from the first generation CT scanners created in the 1970s to advances like helical scanning, multi-detector arrays, and dual source scanning. The document also covers basic physics concepts in CT like attenuation, reconstruction, Hounsfield units, and improvements in detector technology that have allowed for wider coverage and faster scanning times. Overall, the document traces the development of CT scanning from its origins to modern multi-detector systems.
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The document discusses different types of computed tomography (CT) scanners and their components. It describes several CT scanning systems including axial CT scanners, helical CT scanners, multislice CT scanners, and dual-source CT scanners. It also discusses factors that affect image quality and resolution in CT scans like radiation dose, reconstruction filters, and spatial resolution. The document outlines some purchase considerations for CT scanners and notes that facilities should upgrade capabilities over time to get higher quality images and avoid more expensive upgrades later. It presents stages of ongoing CT development including reduced radiation dose, improved image quality, and dual-energy CT capabilities.
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brief but informative knowledge about how CT works and what are its components ... easy to understand as well as presenting during lectures and in classes . share it
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Paper Conbea 1998 - 'PERFIL DOS CONSUMIDORES PAULISTANOS DE PRODUTOS ORGÂNICO...
'PERFIL DOS CONSUMIDORES PAULISTANOS DE PRODUTOS ORGÂNICOS (PROFILE OF
THE ORGANIC AGRICULTURE CONSUMERS)
Anais do XXVII Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Agrícola - UFLA/Brasil July 1998
Authors: Roberto Gregori Junior
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brief but informative knowledge about what basically CT is and what is the phenomenon behind this machine ... easy to understand as well as presenting during lectures and in classes . share it
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This document provides an overview of computed tomography (CT) scanning. It discusses the history and invention of CT, its common uses in medicine, working principles including components like the gantry and detectors, generations of CT technology, and the mathematical principles behind image reconstruction. CT scanning uses X-rays and computers to produce cross-sectional images of the body and has become an important medical imaging tool since its invention in the 1970s.
Tomotherapy
Tomotherapy combines intensity modulated radiation therapy with computed tomography scanning to treat cancer. It can treat multiple tumors simultaneously with daily 3D imaging to improve accuracy and minimize side effects. Tomotherapy uses a sophisticated multi-leaf collimator and 360 degree delivery of many narrow beamlets to provide conformal, even radiation doses to tumors while avoiding healthy tissue for shorter treatments and fewer side effects than other radiation therapies. It can treat many cancer types, including mesothelioma.
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This document provides an overview of CT scanning technology. It begins with a brief history of x-rays and their discovery in 1895. It then discusses the evolution of CT scanning technology, from early generation scanners in the 1970s to advances like helical scanning, multi-detector arrays, and dual source scanning. The document covers basic physics concepts behind CT like attenuation, reconstruction, and Hounsfield units. It also compares single-slice CT to multi-slice CT and discusses detector technologies. Overall, the document provides a high-level introduction to CT scanning systems and their development over time.
Imrt Where Next Image Guided Radiotherapy
1. IMRT allows delivering different dose levels to multiple tumor targets simultaneously.
2. Advanced MRI techniques like DCE and T2 mapping can help better identify diseased sites and define boost targets for IMRT planning.
3. The presenter is working to incorporate MRI data like functional MRI into the radiotherapy planning process to help optimize dose distribution and improve patient outcomes.
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The document discusses the basics of computed tomography (CT) scanning. It explains some limitations of conventional X-rays like superimposition of structures and poor contrast resolution. CT provides cross-sectional images of the body with no superimposition of tissues and excellent contrast resolution. A CT scan uses X-rays combined with computer technology to produce internal images of the body. An X-ray tube rotates around the patient, emitting a thin beam of X-rays that pass through the body and are measured by a detector. The computer analyzes the data to generate two-dimensional cross-sectional images of the inside of the body.
A novel CAD system to automatically detect cancerous lung nodules using wav...
A novel cancerous nodules detection algorithm for computed tomography images (CT-images) is presented in this paper. CT-images are large size images with high resolution. In some cases, number of cancerous lung nodule lesions may missed by the radiologist due to fatigue. A CAD system that is proposed in this paper can help the radiologist in detecting cancerous nodules in CT- images. The proposed algorithm is divided to four stages. In the first stage, an enhancement algorithm is implement to highlight the suspicious regions. Then in the second stage, the region of interest will be detected. The adaptive SVM and wavelet transform techniques are used to reduce the detected false positive regions. This algorithm is evaluated using 60 cases (normal and cancerous cases), and it shows a high sensitivity in detecting the cancerous lung nodules with TP ration 94.5% and with FP ratio 7 cluster/image.
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This document summarizes key concepts in computed tomography (CT) imaging. It discusses how CT uses x-rays to measure the attenuation of objects along different projection angles to reconstruct cross-sectional images. Specifically, it covers:
1) How monoenergetic and polychromatic x-ray sources are used to measure attenuation projections and the artifacts that can arise from beam hardening and scatter.
2) Different scanning methods like fan beam rotational and fixed detector ring configurations.
3) Emission CT techniques like SPECT and PET that use radioactive tracers.
4) Ultrasound CT and magnetic resonance imaging which use different physical phenomena for tissue imaging and data collection.
5) Artifacts like
Image guided radiation therapy (2011)
Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) uses imaging technologies to reduce uncertainties in radiation therapy delivery and improve targeting accuracy. IGRT involves acquiring images of the treatment area to capture position and guide corrections. Technologies include 2D kV/MV imaging, 2.5D tomotherapy, and 3D kV-CBCT and MVCT. Future directions include 4D imaging during treatment and combined MR-Linac systems. The clinic plans to implement IGRT starting with basic 2D/3D CBCT capabilities and work towards standardized protocols, automated corrections, and quality assurance programs.
Radiotherapy Treatment Simulation
This document summarizes the process of simulation for radiation therapy treatment planning from CT imaging to treatment verification. It describes how patient positioning is done using lasers during CT scanning and how the CT images are imported into the treatment planning system. It also explains how the treatment planning system localizes CT markers and defines the isocenter in machine coordinates for treatment. Finally, it summarizes the verification process of aligning the patient using digital reconstructed radiographs and portal images to ensure accurate treatment delivery.
Igrt Srt For Lung Cancer
The document discusses advances in radiation therapy for lung cancer including intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). IGRT uses daily imaging to precisely target tumors and reduces margins needed around tumors. SRT delivers very high radiation doses in one to five fractions directly to tumors, achieving high local control rates for stage I lung cancer. Tomotherapy is highlighted as it provides IGRT capabilities and can perform SRT without needing fiducial markers for targeting.
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The document discusses helical tomotherapy, a form of radiation therapy that uses a rotating x-ray beam. It summarizes a study of 150 patients treated with tomotherapy between 2006-2007 for reasons such as complex tumor geometry or need for image guidance. Setup corrections were often needed based on pretreatment MV CT scans. Treatment times were typically under 25 minutes with minimal increases over time. Tomotherapy allows conformal dose distributions and image-guided radiation for difficult cases near critical organs.
PHYSICS of COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
This document provides an overview of CT scanning technology. It begins with a brief history of x-rays and their discovery in 1895. It then discusses the evolution of CT scanning technology, from the first generation CT scanners created in the 1970s to advances like helical scanning, multi-detector arrays, and dual source scanning. The document also covers basic physics concepts in CT like attenuation, reconstruction, Hounsfield units, and improvements in detector technology that have allowed for wider coverage and faster scanning times. Overall, the document traces the development of CT scanning from its origins to modern multi-detector systems.
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The document discusses different types of computed tomography (CT) scanners and their components. It describes several CT scanning systems including axial CT scanners, helical CT scanners, multislice CT scanners, and dual-source CT scanners. It also discusses factors that affect image quality and resolution in CT scans like radiation dose, reconstruction filters, and spatial resolution. The document outlines some purchase considerations for CT scanners and notes that facilities should upgrade capabilities over time to get higher quality images and avoid more expensive upgrades later. It presents stages of ongoing CT development including reduced radiation dose, improved image quality, and dual-energy CT capabilities.
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THE ORGANIC AGRICULTURE CONSUMERS)
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3) In the second practice, the CT dose index (CTDI) was measured using head and body phantoms to evaluate radiation dose from the CT scanner. The results of both practices were within acceptable limits.
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This document provides an overview of CT simulation components and processes. It discusses the key elements of a CT simulator, including the CT scanner components like bore size and image quality, virtual simulation software features like contouring and image display, and other essentials like laser positioning and DICOM connectivity. CT simulation has advanced radiation therapy planning by providing detailed volumetric patient images to design customized treatment plans while reducing dose to healthy tissues.
Basics in ct
Computed tomography (CT) was developed by Godfrey Hounsfield to overcome limitations of conventional radiography and tomography. It uses X-rays and radiation detectors coupled with a computer to create cross-sectional images of the body. The first clinically useful CT scanner was installed in 1971. CT provides more accurate diagnostic information than conventional radiography by producing 3D representations of internal structures rather than 2D collapsed images.
Cancerous lung nodule detection in computed tomography images
Diagnosis the computed tomography images (CT-images) is one of the images that may take a lot of time in diagnosis by the radiologist and may miss some of cancerous nodules in these images. Therefore, in this paper a new novel enhancement and detection cancerous nodule algorithm is proposed to diagnose a CT-images. The novel algorithm is divided into three main stages. In first stage, suspicious regions are enhanced using modified LoG algorithm. Then in stage two, a potential cancerous nodule was detected based on visual appearance in lung. Finally, five texture features analysis algorithm is implemented to reduce number of detected FP regions. This algorithm is evaluated using 60 cases (normal and cancerous cases), and it shows a high sensitivity in detecting the cancerous lung nodules with TP ration 97% and with FP ratio 25 cluster/image.
CT SCAN - 3 Marks - QUESTION AND ANSWERS
The document contains questions and answers about various topics related to CT scans. It includes definitions and explanations of ring artifacts, HRCT techniques, image reconstruction methods, CT numbers, scintillation detectors, pixels, radiation profile width in CT collimators, CT number, resolution types, mass attenuation coefficient, parallel multi-hole collimators, low dose CT scans, CT guided biopsies, and CT artifacts. The document consists of questions from several students on technical aspects of computed tomography imaging.
Computed Tomography Factsheet.pdf
Computed tomography (CT) was first developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack. The first CT scan was performed on a human patient in 1971. Today, CT scans provide detailed internal images of the body and take only a few minutes to perform, with patients typically receiving results within a couple weeks. CT scans use X-rays and computer processing to generate 3D images of the body by combining many X-ray images taken at different angles. Contrast agents may be used to make soft tissues more visible on scans.
Test bank computed tomography physical principles clinical applications and q...
Test bank computed tomography physical principles clinical applications and quality control 4th edition
Physics of ct mri
The document provides an overview of the fundamentals of CT and MRI imaging. It discusses how CT was introduced in 1972 and revolutionized medical imaging by providing high-quality transverse cross-sectional images of the body without tissue superimposition. It also describes the evolution of CT technology from early generation pencil-beam systems to current helical CT scanners that acquire continuous data as the patient passes through the rotating gantry. Key developments included increasing the number of detectors to acquire wider beams, implementing rotating gantries to speed up scans, and incorporating slip-ring technology to allow continuous 360-degree rotation.
Basics of CT- Lecture 6.ppt
This document discusses the basics of computed tomography (CT) and multislice CT. It explains that multislice CT uses multiple parallel detector arrays rather than a single detector array, and an X-ray tube with high heat capacity. It describes the increasing number of slices used in multislice CT scanners over time, from dual to 64 slices. The document also discusses clinical applications of multislice CT such as improved imaging of trauma patients and angiography, as well as advantages over conventional CT such as faster acquisition and reduced radiation dose.
Nuclear Medicine - Rivin
Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose and determine the severity of or treat a variety of diseases, including many types of cancers, heart disease, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurological disorders and other abnormalities within the body.
CT scanner
The document summarizes the history and technology of computed tomography (CT) scanners. It describes how CT was developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Alan Cormack, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize. It outlines the key innovations in each generation of CT scanners, from the first generation's pencil beam geometry to later generations' use of detector arrays and helical scanning, which reduced scan times. The document also discusses the components of a CT scanner, including the x-ray tube, detectors, and techniques for image reconstruction and calibration.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN
The document provides an overview of computed tomography (CT) scans. It discusses the history and development of CT scans, how they work, their components and circuitry. Key points covered include that CT scans were invented in the 1970s, use X-rays to generate cross-sectional images of the body, and have advanced from early generation whole body scanners to current high resolution multi-slice machines. CT scans provide important medical imaging capabilities with minimal risks when used properly.
Optical CT scan
This document discusses an optical computed tomography (CT) scan project. It begins with an abstract that outlines how CT is used in medical and industrial applications. It then describes how the project aimed to reconstruct a previous student's CT device using a laser light source and photodiode detector. Iterative reconstruction methods combined with the Radon and inverse Radon transforms were used to obtain 2D slice images from multiple projections of a sample.
Medical Imaging
Medical imaging is the process of creating visual representations of the interior of the body for clinical analysis and medical intervention. It involves techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound. X-ray machines produce beams of radiation that pass through the body and are used to capture images of areas like bones and soft tissues. CT scans take multiple X-ray images from different angles to construct cross-sectional views of the inside of the body. MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of organs and tissues. PET scans use radioactive tracers to show how tissues and organs are functioning.
Computed Tomography
Computed tomography (CT) uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images of the inside of the body. A CT scan can quickly produce cross-sectional images (slices) of any part of the body, including the brain, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and limbs. During a CT scan, the patient lies on a table that slides into a large circular opening of the scanning machine. The machine rotates around the patient and takes pictures from many angles. The computer then combines these images to create detailed cross-sectional views of the inside of the body. CT scans provide more detailed images than regular X-rays and allow doctors to better evaluate organs, blood vessels and bones.
BMES_Handheld_SPECT_poster_2015
Our team has designed a novel intraoperative system incorporating a hand-held gamma camera for rapid 2-dimensional imaging and 3-dimensional image reconstruction. Initial performance evaluation of the system showed a spatial resolution that varies with source distance, a sensitivity of 1.75 x 10-04 cps/MBq, and an energy resolution of 25% FWHM. Phantom studies demonstrated good geometrical localization in reconstructed images and the ability to quantitatively determine radioactivity in real time using a simple scaling factor. Future plans include clinically testing the hand held SPECT for visualizing sentinel lymph nodes during melanoma surgery.
Lecture (4)
External Beam Therapy (EBT) involves using teletherapy machines to deliver radiation from external gamma ray sources. Teletherapy machines are mounted isocentrically and have five main components: a radioactive cobalt-60 source, source housing including a collimator and movement mechanism, gantry and stand, patient support assembly, and control console. Cobalt-60 sources decay with a half-life of 5.26 years into nickel-60 while emitting beta particles and two gamma rays. Teletherapy machines allow defining radiation fields and delivering prescribed target doses.
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Cancerous lung nodule detection in computed tomography images
Cancerous lung nodule detection in computed tomography images
Test bank computed tomography physical principles clinical applications and q...
Test bank computed tomography physical principles clinical applications and q...
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Comparison of columnar and pixelated scintillators for small field of view hy...
This study compared the performance of a hybrid gamma camera (HGC) using either a columnar thallium-doped cesium iodide (CsI:TI) scintillator or a pixelated gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS) ceramic scintillator. The HGC's intrinsic spatial resolution, intrinsic and extrinsic sensitivity, count rate capability, and uniformity were evaluated. The results showed the HGC had significantly better spatial resolution with CsI:TI but was more sensitive with GOS, though it had poorer spatial resolution, uniformity, and count rate capability with GOS. Therefore, CsI:TI is preferred for applications where high spatial resolution is important.
KFMC Presentation - Layal
The document describes the design and performance evaluation of a Hybrid Compact Gamma Camera (HCGC) for medical imaging. It evaluated two detector configurations (600μm and 1500μm) in terms of spatial resolution, uniformity, sensitivity, and count rate capability. The 1500μm configuration demonstrated better performance across all metrics tested. Both configurations significantly outperformed a typical large field-of-view gamma camera, showing potential for improved resolution and portability for applications like sentinel lymph node imaging.
3MT_Layal_final
The document discusses a hybrid compact gamma camera used for nuclear diagnostic imaging. The camera can produce optical images, gamma images, and fused gamma-optical images to provide insights into what is occurring inside the body. The hybrid compact gamma camera allows for multi-modal nuclear diagnostic imaging.
EUS3
This document discusses the role of nuclear medicine in cancer treatment. It begins by outlining cancer's biological features and current treatment methods. It then explains that nuclear medicine uses small amounts of radioactive material attached to pharmaceuticals to diagnose and treat diseases non-invasively. Some key nuclear medicine applications for cancer treatment discussed are using I-131 for thyroid cancer and Graves' disease, Zevalin for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, TheraSphere for hepatocellular carcinoma, and samarium injections to relieve bone pain. In conclusion, nuclear medicine is producing new therapeutic techniques that can replace other modalities due to being safe, painless, and cost-effective.
EUS2_How the Harmful Effects of Radiation can Affect Human Health
The document discusses the harmful effects of radiation on human health. It outlines the history of understanding radiation hazards from studies of radium dial painters, uranium miners, early medical workers and atomic bomb survivors. It defines radiation exposure and ionizing radiation, and describes the chain of biological events that can occur following radiation exposure, including effects on cells and tissues. The document concludes by discussing radiation protection practices aimed at limiting risk to people and the environment by keeping radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable.
challenges of small field dosimetry
Small field dosimetry poses challenges due to the lack of charged particle equilibrium and penumbra effects. Monte Carlo modeling and specialized dosimeters are used to measure small fields between 0.3-4 cm used in techniques like IMRT, stereotactic radiosurgery, and cyberknife. Film, pinpoint chambers, and MOSFET dosimeters provide high spatial resolution but require corrections. Gel dosimeters allow 3D dose mapping but are time-consuming. Future work aims to minimize measurement perturbations in small fields.
The Role of NM
Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty that uses small amounts of radioactive materials, called radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat diseases. Radiopharmaceuticals are introduced to the body by injection, swallowing or inhalation and emit radiation that is detected by special cameras and computers to create images of organs, bones or tissues. Nuclear medicine allows physicians to see how organs and tissues are performing without invasive procedures and in a safe, painless manner. Professionals in nuclear medicine include nuclear medicine technologists who administer radiopharmaceuticals and perform scans, nuclear medicine physicians who interpret the scans, and nuclear pharmacists who prepare radiopharmaceuticals in a radiopharmacy lab. Strict radiation safety protocols are followed to minimize radiation
Optimisation of X-Ray CT within SPECTCT Studies
This document discusses optimizing the X-ray CT dose in SPECT/CT studies. It begins by examining the correlation between patient body mass index (BMI) and abdominal thickness measured on CT images from SPECT/CT studies. Data from 18 patients was analyzed to determine if the anthropomorphic phantom used in the study reasonably approximated larger patients. The document then outlines a study using the phantom to acquire SPECT and CT images under various protocols to evaluate the relationship between CT dose and image noise and accuracy of attenuation correction. A nuclear medicine radiologist will then qualitatively analyze the images to determine the best protocol that maintains image quality while optimizing dose. The goal is to develop a low-dose CT protocol for use in SPECT
BIR_Layal_Final
This document describes the development and initial testing of a hybrid gamma-optical camera for diagnostic imaging applications. The hybrid camera combines an optical camera with a gamma camera in an aligned configuration, allowing for high spatial resolution scintigraphic imaging fused with anatomical context from optical images. Initial tests show the camera has sub-millimeter spatial resolution and a sensitivity suitable for intraoperative use. Images of a simulated lymphatic vessel filled with a radioactive tracer demonstrate the camera can accurately localize radioactive uptake with anatomical guidance from the optical image. The hybrid camera design shows potential for applications like sentinel lymph node mapping during surgery.
Layal's 1st year Presentation
The document evaluates the performance of an XRI-UNO CdTe detector compared to a compact gamma camera (CGC) for medical imaging applications. It finds that the CdTe detector has better intrinsic spatial resolution and count rate capability but lower sensitivity compared to the CGC. While the CdTe detector exceeds the CGC in some areas, its low sensitivity means it cannot replace the CGC for medical imaging. Further work will explore using different scintillator materials instead of semiconductors.
Liver Ca_Layal
This document discusses liver cancer, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It defines primary and secondary liver cancer and notes various causes. Diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests, and imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI. Treatment options reviewed are surgery, chemotherapy, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and TheraSphere. TheraSphere involves inserting radioactive glass beads into the hepatic artery and is presented as a new, targeted treatment option with fewer side effects than other therapies. A case study is presented demonstrating the treatment process for a patient receiving TheraSphere.
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Comparison of columnar and pixelated scintillators for small field of view hy...
Comparison of columnar and pixelated scintillators for small field of view hy...
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Festival of PGR
- 1. What is going on inside your body ? Nuclear diagnostic imaging Is an area of radiology that allows physicians to see from the outside how the body is functioning inside, after injecting the patient by a radioactive material called radiopharmaceutical. Radiation detectors Gamma radiation can be detected by gamma cameras. The sensing elements in these cameras are called radiation detectors. Scintillation detectors and semiconductor detectors are the most commonly used. Figure 1: Hybrid Compact Gamma Camera (HCGC) Figure 2: XRI-UNO CdTe detector Figure 3: A 0.45mm diameter cannula tube, 18mm length filled with 0.63MBq 99m Tc A) gamma image from HCGC B) gamma image from XRI- UNO Research Aim The main purpose of this work was to compare the efficacy for medical imaging of the scintillator based camera Hybrid Compact Gamma Camera (HCGC) Figure 1, developed in the Space Research Centre, University of Leicester and the XRI-UNO Figure 2, CdTe semiconductor based detector provided by X-Ray Imatek Company. Result In Figure 3, a 0.45mm diameter cannula tube was filled with 0.63 MBq 99mTc. Tow imaging sets represented the gamma image from HCGC and XRI-UNO (Figure 3 A and B). The gamma image from HCGC has higher system spatial resolution. Conclusion The performance of the HCGC and XRI-UNO were evaluated and compared. The studies of the initial images encourage us to carry out further evaluation in preparation for HCGC uses in surgical theatre setting rather than XRI-UNO. Acknowledgement L.K. Jambi would like to thank King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Saudi Cultural Bureau, London for the financial support. Layal Jambi Supervisors: Dr. John Lees and Prof. Alan Perkins Department of Physics and Astronomy Contact: Lj97@le.ac.uk A B Reference: Jambi, L.K., J.E. Lees, S.L. Bugby, S. Tipper, M.S. Alqahtani, and A.C. Perkins, Evaluation of XRI-UNO CdTe detector for nuclear medical imaging. Journal of Instrumentation, 2015. 10(06): p. P06012-P06012