Fertilization in humans
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This document summarizes the roles of key sex hormones - estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone - and their functions in female and male reproductive systems. It also outlines several methods for fertility control, including contraception methods like natural family planning, condoms, diaphragms, IUDs, birth control pills, and sterilization procedures. The document provides an overview of the hormonal influences on sexual development and how different contraception techniques work to prevent pregnancy.
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Fertilization
The document discusses hormones like progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone that influence sexual characteristics. It describes the major types of estrogen and their functions in female reproductive development and pregnancy. It also discusses testosterone and its roles in male sexual development. The document then covers some family planning methods, categorizing them as natural, mechanical, or chemical and providing examples of each type.
HEALTH (Physical Changes at Puberty)
The document discusses the physical changes that occur during puberty for both boys and girls. It explains that puberty is triggered by hormonal changes which cause growth and development of secondary sex characteristics. For girls, this includes breast development, hip growth, and the start of the menstrual cycle. For boys, changes include broadening of the shoulders, deepening of the voice, growth of body and facial hair, and the start of sperm production. The document provides detailed information about the female and male reproductive systems and their functions during puberty and adolescence.
Puberty.ppt
This document summarizes key aspects of puberty and human reproduction. It discusses the physical and hormonal changes that occur during puberty in males and females. It then covers the menstrual cycle, physiological changes during pregnancy, pregnancy tests, female reproductive anatomy, the fundamentals of reproduction including fertilization and implantation, placental function, and the fetal membranes.
Reproductive and hormonal functions of the male
This document summarizes several key reproductive and hormonal functions of the male. It discusses spermatogenesis, the process by which sperm cells are produced. It also describes the roles of hormones like testosterone and estrogen in males, as well as the functions of glands like the prostate and seminal vesicles. Key stages of development from puberty to the male climacteric are outlined. Common abnormalities of male sexual function like prostate issues and hypogonadism are also mentioned.
Sex hormones
This document discusses several sex hormones:
- Testosterone is the main male sex hormone, promoting male sexual development and secondary sex characteristics at puberty. It also contributes to muscle growth and bone growth in males.
- Estrogen exists in three forms and is important for female sexual development and fertility. It promotes breast development, feminine traits, and thickening of the uterine lining.
- Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and supports pregnancy maintenance by thickening the uterine lining and allowing implantation.
- Inhibin inhibits FSH production and is involved in gamete production and embryonic development. High inhibin-A levels may indicate Down syndrome in pregnancy screening tests.
- Relaxin relaxes the uterus, prepares
Puberty ( Assessment and Factor affecting puberty)
This document provides information on assessing puberty and factors that can affect the timing of puberty. It discusses evaluating puberty through measuring height, weight, sexual maturity ratings, and age of pubertal growth spurt. Genetics influence puberty timing by about 46% while environmental factors like nutrition, urbanization, chemicals like BPA, and stress can also affect the onset and progression of puberty. Chronic illness and mental health issues may delay puberty.
Estrogen Hormone By @Sana_Haroon
Estrogens (also called Oestrogens) are steroid hormone that are important for development and functioning of females of the species. They are named so because they play an important role in the estrous cycle. Their name comes from estrus/oistros (period of fertility for female mammals) + gen/gonos = to generate.
Estrogen carries physiological messages to body organs and systems. These messages differ for each body organ and system. Estrogen sends messages to the uterus to grow and replace the lining that is shed during the previous menses.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm are produced in the testes. It involves the transformation of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa through mitosis and meiosis. The document outlines the key steps of spermatogenesis, hormonal regulation, factors that influence it, abnormalities that can occur, and importance of semen analysis. Testosterone is the principal hormone produced by Leydig cells that drives male characteristics and spermatogenesis. It regulates secondary sex characteristics, sperm production, muscle and bone growth, and brain function. Disorders of the testes can impair spermatogenesis and testosterone production.
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Fertilization
The document discusses hormones like progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone that influence sexual characteristics. It describes the major types of estrogen and their functions in female reproductive development and pregnancy. It also discusses testosterone and its roles in male sexual development. The document then covers some family planning methods, categorizing them as natural, mechanical, or chemical and providing examples of each type.
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The document discusses the physical changes that occur during puberty for both boys and girls. It explains that puberty is triggered by hormonal changes which cause growth and development of secondary sex characteristics. For girls, this includes breast development, hip growth, and the start of the menstrual cycle. For boys, changes include broadening of the shoulders, deepening of the voice, growth of body and facial hair, and the start of sperm production. The document provides detailed information about the female and male reproductive systems and their functions during puberty and adolescence.
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This document summarizes key aspects of puberty and human reproduction. It discusses the physical and hormonal changes that occur during puberty in males and females. It then covers the menstrual cycle, physiological changes during pregnancy, pregnancy tests, female reproductive anatomy, the fundamentals of reproduction including fertilization and implantation, placental function, and the fetal membranes.
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This document summarizes several key reproductive and hormonal functions of the male. It discusses spermatogenesis, the process by which sperm cells are produced. It also describes the roles of hormones like testosterone and estrogen in males, as well as the functions of glands like the prostate and seminal vesicles. Key stages of development from puberty to the male climacteric are outlined. Common abnormalities of male sexual function like prostate issues and hypogonadism are also mentioned.
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This document discusses several sex hormones:
- Testosterone is the main male sex hormone, promoting male sexual development and secondary sex characteristics at puberty. It also contributes to muscle growth and bone growth in males.
- Estrogen exists in three forms and is important for female sexual development and fertility. It promotes breast development, feminine traits, and thickening of the uterine lining.
- Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and supports pregnancy maintenance by thickening the uterine lining and allowing implantation.
- Inhibin inhibits FSH production and is involved in gamete production and embryonic development. High inhibin-A levels may indicate Down syndrome in pregnancy screening tests.
- Relaxin relaxes the uterus, prepares
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This document provides information on assessing puberty and factors that can affect the timing of puberty. It discusses evaluating puberty through measuring height, weight, sexual maturity ratings, and age of pubertal growth spurt. Genetics influence puberty timing by about 46% while environmental factors like nutrition, urbanization, chemicals like BPA, and stress can also affect the onset and progression of puberty. Chronic illness and mental health issues may delay puberty.
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Estrogens (also called Oestrogens) are steroid hormone that are important for development and functioning of females of the species. They are named so because they play an important role in the estrous cycle. Their name comes from estrus/oistros (period of fertility for female mammals) + gen/gonos = to generate.
Estrogen carries physiological messages to body organs and systems. These messages differ for each body organ and system. Estrogen sends messages to the uterus to grow and replace the lining that is shed during the previous menses.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm are produced in the testes. It involves the transformation of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa through mitosis and meiosis. The document outlines the key steps of spermatogenesis, hormonal regulation, factors that influence it, abnormalities that can occur, and importance of semen analysis. Testosterone is the principal hormone produced by Leydig cells that drives male characteristics and spermatogenesis. It regulates secondary sex characteristics, sperm production, muscle and bone growth, and brain function. Disorders of the testes can impair spermatogenesis and testosterone production.
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Puberty is the stage of physical maturation triggered by increased secretion of hormones like Luteinizing Hormone and GnRH, resulting in sexual and somatic development. It involves breast development in females starting around age 10-14 and testicular growth in males around age 12-16. Puberty encompasses five stages of physical changes through Tanner stages including growth spurts that make individuals reproductively mature.
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Puberty
Puberty in girls is a period of profound biological, morphological, and psychological changes between childhood and adulthood that leads to maturity and fertility. Key changes include breast development, pubic and underarm hair growth, increased height, and menstruation occurring between ages 10-16 with peak onset at 13 years. Precocious puberty refers to signs of secondary sex characteristics before age 8 or menstruation before 10. It can be central, involving normal progression of puberty starting too soon, or peripheral, caused by excess sex hormones from problems in ovaries, adrenal glands or pituitary gland. Diagnosis involves assessing growth, bone age, hormone levels and ruling out tumors or other lesions. Prognosis is generally good with
Puberty
1. Puberty is defined as the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood that is characterized by physiological changes and development of secondary sex characteristics.
2. It typically occurs between ages 10-16 and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as nutrition, geography, and light exposure.
3. The stages of puberty include thelarche, adrenarche, growth spurt, menarche, and development of secondary sex characteristics over approximately 4.5 years.
Female hormones
The document summarizes female hormone synthesis and function. It discusses how the ovary orchestrates oocyte development and release while also producing hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy. The cycle involves fluctuations in hormone levels that influence the development and shedding of the uterine lining over approximately 28 days until menopause ends the female reproductive years.
Male reproductive Sytem
This gives in detail about male reproductive system including Spermatogenesis.
For more Physiology subscribe
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Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
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SYSTEMIC CHANGES O0CCURING DURING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY CHANGES
NERVOUS SYSTEM
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
RENAL SYSTEM
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This document discusses puberty and the hormonal changes that occur during puberty. It covers:
- The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and how it regulates puberty. Hormone levels like FSH, LH, and estradiol rise leading to physical changes.
- The physical changes of puberty including breast development, pubic hair growth, menarche, and the growth spurt. It describes the Tanner stages used to evaluate development.
- Factors that can affect the timing of puberty like genetics, nutrition, health, and environment. Puberty is normally completed by ages 15-17.
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This document provides an overview of human physiology related to sexual differentiation. It begins with an introduction to the female reproductive system, describing the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis and the menstrual cycle. It then explains the hormonal control of the ovarian and uterine cycles, including the follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases. The effects of fertilization on hormone production and maintenance of the endometrium are also summarized. Next, the document introduces the male reproductive system and describes spermatogenesis, accessory gland functions, and the sexual response pathway involving erection, emission, and ejaculation. It concludes with an overview of the pituitary-gonadal axis and references used.
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This document summarizes key hormones and their roles in homeostasis:
- Insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels, while thyroxine regulates metabolism and body temperature. Leptin inhibits appetite and is secreted by adipose tissue. Melatonin controls circadian rhythms and is secreted by the pineal gland.
- Testosterone and estrogen influence sexual development and characteristics. The menstrual cycle is regulated by feedback between ovarian and pituitary hormones.
- Examples of clinical applications include diabetes treatment, obesity research, and assisted reproduction techniques. Historical studies on deer reproduction are also mentioned.
Hormonal control of ovarian &uterine cycles- medical study
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please comment
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The document provides information on the female reproductive system including:
- The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone which regulate development of secondary sex characteristics and prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
- Estrogen stimulates growth of reproductive tissues and progesterone thickens the uterine lining.
- Various contraceptive methods work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, or preventing implantation.
- Infertility can result from problems with ovulation, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or cervical mucus.
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The document describes the male and female human reproductive systems. It identifies the major parts of each system, including their functions. The male reproductive system produces sperm and sex hormones. It includes the testes, scrotum, penis, urethra, epididymis, vas deference, prostate gland, Cowper's gland, and seminal vesicles. The female reproductive system produces eggs and sex hormones. Its parts are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. Hormones like follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone regulate the systems.
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The ppt explains the Physiology of Puberty and Menopause. More of Physiology is available at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1QhJfPiWnmk2WpKVH1fzrQ
Normal puberty
Puberty is the stage of physical maturation triggered by increased secretion of hormones like Luteinizing Hormone and GnRH, resulting in sexual and somatic development. It involves breast development in females starting around age 10-14 and testicular growth in males around age 12-16. Puberty encompasses five stages of physical changes through Tanner stages including growth spurts that make individuals reproductively mature.
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This document discusses the physiology of puberty and menopause. It defines puberty and explains the stages of puberty using Tanner's staging for both males and females. The document outlines the structural, functional and psychological changes that occur during puberty, including the role of hormones like leptin in triggering the onset of puberty. It also describes disorders of puberty like precocious and delayed puberty. The document defines menopause and discusses the mechanism and features and management of menopause.
Puberty
Puberty in girls is a period of profound biological, morphological, and psychological changes between childhood and adulthood that leads to maturity and fertility. Key changes include breast development, pubic and underarm hair growth, increased height, and menstruation occurring between ages 10-16 with peak onset at 13 years. Precocious puberty refers to signs of secondary sex characteristics before age 8 or menstruation before 10. It can be central, involving normal progression of puberty starting too soon, or peripheral, caused by excess sex hormones from problems in ovaries, adrenal glands or pituitary gland. Diagnosis involves assessing growth, bone age, hormone levels and ruling out tumors or other lesions. Prognosis is generally good with
Puberty
1. Puberty is defined as the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood that is characterized by physiological changes and development of secondary sex characteristics.
2. It typically occurs between ages 10-16 and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as nutrition, geography, and light exposure.
3. The stages of puberty include thelarche, adrenarche, growth spurt, menarche, and development of secondary sex characteristics over approximately 4.5 years.
Female hormones
The document summarizes female hormone synthesis and function. It discusses how the ovary orchestrates oocyte development and release while also producing hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy. The cycle involves fluctuations in hormone levels that influence the development and shedding of the uterine lining over approximately 28 days until menopause ends the female reproductive years.
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This gives in detail about male reproductive system including Spermatogenesis.
For more Physiology subscribe
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1QhJfPiWnmk2WpKVH1fzrQ
Female Sex hormones
Made by
Md. Jahid Hasan Shourav
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh.
Oestrogen
This document summarizes the chemical nature and biosynthesis of estrogen. It discusses that there are three main estrogens - estrone, estradiol, and estriol - which are primarily produced in females by the ovaries and during pregnancy by the placenta. Estrogen production is stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone in the ovaries. The document then reviews the physiological functions of estrogen in growth, development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and menstrual cycle. It also discusses some of the biochemical functions of estrogen such as its lipogenic, hypocholestrolemic, anabolic, and bone growth effects.
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This document summarizes gonadal function and sex hormone disorders. It describes how gonadotropins like LH and FSH produced by the pituitary gland control the ovaries and testes to produce estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. These sex hormones influence secondary sex characteristics and reproductive functions. The document also outlines gametogenesis, disorders of sex development, hypogonadism, puberty disorders, menstrual disorders, signs of abnormal hormone levels, and fertility issues.
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The female reproductive system undergoes a monthly cycle of maturation and release of eggs, regulated by hormones. During ovulation, a mature egg is released from the ovaries and travels to the uterus. If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels fall and the thickened uterine lining is shed through menstruation, starting a new cycle. Key hormones like estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH fluctuate according to negative feedback loops to control follicle development, ovulation, and the preparation of the uterus for potential pregnancy each month until menopause.
SYSTEMIC CHANGES DURING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ( ALL SYSTEEMS)
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CIRCULATORY CHANGES
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
INTEGFUMENTARY SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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Puberty
This document discusses puberty and the hormonal changes that occur during puberty. It covers:
- The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and how it regulates puberty. Hormone levels like FSH, LH, and estradiol rise leading to physical changes.
- The physical changes of puberty including breast development, pubic hair growth, menarche, and the growth spurt. It describes the Tanner stages used to evaluate development.
- Factors that can affect the timing of puberty like genetics, nutrition, health, and environment. Puberty is normally completed by ages 15-17.
Physiology Of Sexual Differentia
This document provides an overview of human physiology related to sexual differentiation. It begins with an introduction to the female reproductive system, describing the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis and the menstrual cycle. It then explains the hormonal control of the ovarian and uterine cycles, including the follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases. The effects of fertilization on hormone production and maintenance of the endometrium are also summarized. Next, the document introduces the male reproductive system and describes spermatogenesis, accessory gland functions, and the sexual response pathway involving erection, emission, and ejaculation. It concludes with an overview of the pituitary-gonadal axis and references used.
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This document summarizes key hormones and their roles in homeostasis:
- Insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels, while thyroxine regulates metabolism and body temperature. Leptin inhibits appetite and is secreted by adipose tissue. Melatonin controls circadian rhythms and is secreted by the pineal gland.
- Testosterone and estrogen influence sexual development and characteristics. The menstrual cycle is regulated by feedback between ovarian and pituitary hormones.
- Examples of clinical applications include diabetes treatment, obesity research, and assisted reproduction techniques. Historical studies on deer reproduction are also mentioned.
Hormonal control of ovarian &uterine cycles- medical study
The ovarian and uterine cycles are controlled by chemical messengers or hormones.
this is a detailed study referred from Textbook of Inderbir Singh’s embryology by v .Subadradevi ..
please comment
thank you
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This document provides information about pregnancy and fetal development from fertilization through the 9 months of pregnancy. It discusses the key stages of development including fertilization, cleavage, morulation, blastulation, implantation, embryogenesis, fetal growth and differentiation of organs. Each month of pregnancy is summarized, noting the physical changes and growth of the fetus. Common uterine malformations are also described briefly, along with their causes and prevalence.
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Estrogen and progesterone are the two main ovarian hormones. Estrogen is produced primarily in the ovaries and stimulates the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. It also regulates the female estrus cycle. Progesterone is produced in the ovaries and placenta during pregnancy. It prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains pregnancy by supporting embryo development. Both hormones work together to regulate the female reproductive system.
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Puberty is the period when children experience physical changes that turn their bodies into those capable of reproduction. Girls typically start puberty earlier than boys. During puberty, both males and females experience growth of sexual organs and body hair. Hormonal changes cause breast growth, menstruation and voice changes in females, and penis and testicle growth and wet dreams in males. Puberty is triggered by genes and hormones in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonads. Taking daily showers, using deodorant and properly caring for hair, skin and teeth are important for hygiene during puberty.
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The document provides information on the female reproductive system including:
- The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone which regulate development of secondary sex characteristics and prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
- Estrogen stimulates growth of reproductive tissues and progesterone thickens the uterine lining.
- Various contraceptive methods work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, or preventing implantation.
- Infertility can result from problems with ovulation, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or cervical mucus.
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The document describes the male and female human reproductive systems. It identifies the major parts of each system, including their functions. The male reproductive system produces sperm and sex hormones. It includes the testes, scrotum, penis, urethra, epididymis, vas deference, prostate gland, Cowper's gland, and seminal vesicles. The female reproductive system produces eggs and sex hormones. Its parts are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. Hormones like follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone regulate the systems.
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The endocrine system includes glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target tissues and organs. The major glands are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, thymus, and pineal. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands by secreting hormones like growth hormone, TSH, and ACTH. The thyroid regulates metabolism and produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Disorders include hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The pancreas produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, and diabetes occurs when there is insufficient insulin. Sex glands like the ovaries and testes produce hormones like estrogen, progesterone and test
Endocrine system
endocrine system presentation glands and their hormones
by Cyrus L. Gonzales
BS Medical Technology
Endocrine system by Cyrus L. Gonzales
The document summarizes several endocrine glands and their functions. It describes the pituitary gland as the "master gland" that controls many other glands. It regulates the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testes. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through thyroid hormones. The parathyroids regulate blood calcium levels via parathyroid hormone. The pancreas regulates blood sugar through insulin and glucagon. The adrenals regulate stress response and metabolism through cortisol and other hormones. The ovaries and testes produce sex hormones like estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. The thymus and pineal gland also have roles in immunity and reproduction.
Breast 1st class
anatomy, physiology, problems of breast feeding, effective breast feeding techniques, begin and malignant lesions
PPT on Cellular and molecular mechanism of sex hormones
- Sex hormones include androgens like testosterone and estrogens like estradiol. They are produced in the gonads and influence secondary sex characteristics.
- Testosterone promotes male traits and is produced in the testes, regulating functions like sex drive and muscle growth. It works through the androgen receptor in cells.
- Estrogens promote female traits and are produced in the ovaries, regulating the menstrual cycle and development of breasts and hair. The main types are estrone, estradiol, and estriol.
OvaryPresentationbyhardeepsingh chadha.pptx
Information about ovary its function structure blood supply and etc
Similar to Fertilization in humans (20)
SECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptx
SECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptx
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
PPT on Cellular and molecular mechanism of sex hormones
PPT on Cellular and molecular mechanism of sex hormones
More from kv meg and centre
Prenatal lectures
Human Fetal Development document summarizes the stages of prenatal development from conception through birth. It describes the three main periods of development - ovum, embryonic, and fetal. The key stages of development are outlined week by week, noting the physical changes and growth that occurs, including cellular division, organ formation, movement and viability outside the womb. Genetic and environmental factors that can impact development are also summarized.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are genetically engineered to contain genes from another species. The first transgenic animal was produced by microinjecting DNA into fertilized mouse eggs. This allows the new genes to integrate into the genome and be passed to offspring. Knockout mice have a specific endogenous gene altered so it is no longer expressed normally. They are used to study gene function and model human diseases. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, showing that nuclear transfer can generate a live offspring genetically identical to the donor animal.
Mestrual cycle in humans
The menstrual cycle occurs approximately every 28 days as females ripen and release a mature egg. During the first half of the cycle, the pituitary gland produces hormones that stimulate egg production and release of estrogen. Around day 14, the pituitary releases LH which triggers ovulation. If the egg is not fertilized, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins. The uterine lining thickens from days 5-28 in preparation for potential pregnancy. Hormone levels fluctuate throughout the cycle to regulate changes in the ovaries, uterus, and egg development.
Parkinson's disease
This document provides information about Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Parkinson's disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects people between 50-70 years old. It is characterized by rigidity, tremors, and difficulty initiating movements. Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder that causes gradual loss of motor coordination and mental function. Both diseases are degenerative and currently incurable.
Menstruation in humans
The menstrual cycle occurs in four stages and is controlled by hormones from the pituitary gland and ovaries. In the first follicle stage, follicle stimulating hormone causes a follicle to form and produce estrogen. In the second ovulation stage, the estrogen surge causes luteinizing hormone to be released from the pituitary, rupturing the follicle and releasing an egg. In the third corpus luteum stage, the ruptured follicle forms the corpus luteum which produces progesterone. If no pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum decomposes in the fourth menstruation stage, dropping hormone levels and causing the uterine lining to shed and be released.
Mendel mono hybrid
1) Mendel's experiments with pea plants established the fundamental principles of genetics including genes coming in pairs, segregation of genes, and dominance relationships between alleles.
2) Through monohybrid crosses and analyzing the ratios in subsequent generations, Mendel deduced that genes separate and transmit independently during gamete formation.
3) Mendel's principles, established through experimentation with pea plants, proved to be general principles that can be applied to understand inheritance in other organisms including humans.
Huntington's chorea syndrome
Huntington's disease is a rare, inherited, degenerative neurological disorder that causes uncontrolled movements, loss of mental abilities, and psychiatric problems. It is caused by a mutation in the IT-15 gene that results in the death of neurons in specific areas of the brain. There is no cure, but medications can help manage symptoms. Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms, preventing complications, and providing support. As the disease progresses, physical and cognitive functions gradually decline over 10 to 20 years, ultimately resulting in death.
Gestation parturition
The document discusses gestation periods in farm animals. It describes gestation as consisting of three classes: the ovum period from fertilization to implantation, the embryo period from implantation to early organ formation, and the fetus period from organ formation to birth. The roles of the placenta, hormones, and changes to the female genital organs during gestation are also examined. Factors influencing the length of gestation and methods for examining gestation in farm animals are outlined.
Foetal development and growth in humans
Gestation typically lasts around 40 weeks or 280 days. It involves three main periods: the ovum stage from conception to implantation around 4-5 days; the embryonic stage from implantation to 8 weeks; and the fetal stage from 8 weeks until birth. During the first month, the placenta begins functioning and the embryo's heart starts beating while it is around the size of a raisin. By the second month, most major organs have formed but are not yet fully functional, and by the third month the brain is fully formed and the fetus can feel pain while continuing to develop hair, muscles, and the ability to taste. Birth normally occurs around 38-42 weeks when the baby weighs around 7 pounds and is 20 inches long
Fetal development
The document summarizes prenatal baby development from conception through the three stages of a zygote, embryo, and fetus. It describes the major developmental milestones that occur each month as the fertilized egg goes from a single cell to a fully developed baby, including the formation of organs and limbs, growth in size, and increasing ability to hear, see, and move. The summary highlights that prenatal development takes place over 9 months and involves cell division, organ formation, attachment to the uterus, and growth until birth.
Diencephalon
The diencephalon contains several important structures including the epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus. The thalamus contains several nuclei that relay or associate sensory information to different regions of the cortex. The hypothalamus regulates basic functions like food and water intake as well as hormone release through distinct nuclei in the tuberal, mamillary, chiasmatic, and preoptic regions.
Diencephalon
The diencephalon sits above the brain stem and contains three main parts: the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland. The thalamus acts as a relay between subcortical areas and the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates processes like metabolism, hormone secretion, and the sleep-wake cycle. It is located below the thalamus. The pineal gland produces melatonin and influences circadian rhythms.
Diencephalon
The diencephalon sits on top of the brain stem and is enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres. It is made up of three main parts: the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory impulses between the senses and the cortex. The hypothalamus is an important autonomic nervous system center that helps regulate body temperature, water balance, and metabolism. It also influences mood and emotion. The epithalamus forms the roof of the third ventricle and houses the pineal gland.
medicinal plants preparation and uses
Medicinal plants are abundant in the Philippines and can be easily cultivated. They grow wild in mountains and forests. Many plants have medicinal value and can be used to treat illnesses in a cost-effective manner. The document provides guidelines for properly collecting, storing, and using medicinal plants. It also lists several common plants used to treat ailments like cough, fever, gas, pain, and diabetes and includes instructions for preparing decoctions and other remedies from these plants. Understanding how to safely use medicinal plants effectively can help reduce healthcare costs.
Alzimers
- Alzheimer's disease is an incurable, degenerative brain disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. It was first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer.
- The disease results from an accumulation of beta-amyloid protein in the brain that leads to nerve cell death and formation of plaques and tangles.
- Symptoms start with mild memory loss but progress to include problems with thinking, reasoning, language and perception as brain regions are damaged.
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are macromolecules that contain genetic information and dictate the amino acid sequences of proteins. They are composed of nucleotides, which each contain a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. DNA contains the sugars deoxyribose and bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. It exists as a double-stranded helix. RNA contains the sugar ribose and bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. It is usually single-stranded. DNA stores genetic information in genes as triplet codons that are translated into amino acids to make proteins.
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides which contain a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that differ in their sugar and one of their bases. DNA contains the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine and uses deoxyribose while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil and uses ribose. Nucleic acids form double helix structures through base pairing between complementary bases and phosphate-sugar backbones to store and transmit genetic information.
The nucleic acids
Friedrich Miescher first isolated nucleic acid from cell nuclei in 1869. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is found in the cell nucleus and mitochondria/chloroplasts, while RNA is found throughout the cell. DNA serves as the genetic material based on several lines of evidence. Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides, which contain a phosphate, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. The nucleotides bond together via the phosphate and sugar components to form the backbone of nucleic acids. In DNA, the bases adenine and thymine pair together, as do cytosine and guanine, via hydrogen bonds between the strands to form the double hel
More from kv meg and centre (20)
Recently uploaded
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
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(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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Recently uploaded (20)
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Fertilization in humans
- 2. Sex Hormones • Hormones influencing sexual characters- progesterone,estrogen, testosterone • Synthesized from cholesterol & acetyl coA
- 3. Estrogen • 3 major types • Beta-estradiol • Estrone • estriol
- 4. Func.• Narrow shoulders,broad hips,body hair pattern & fat dis. • Dvlpt & maintenance of female repd sys • Growth of smooth muscles & epithelial lining of endometrium • Devpt of pubic hair • contr & ciliary activity of fallp tube • secretion of mucus • Growth of ext genetilia,breasts • Secretion of PRL
- 5. Progesterone • Hormone of maturation /pregnancy hormone • Func. • Prep of endometrium for implantation • Dec contraction of uterine tubes • Maintains pregnancy • Stimulates breast growth
- 6. Testoserone Prod by leydig cells ---influence of ICSH Func. Broad shoulders, narrow hips, body hair pattern & fat dis Induces sex drive at puberty Dvlpt & maintenance of male repd sys 2* sexual characters-facial hair=>moustache Deep voice Devlpt of acc sex organs Pubic hair
- 7. FERTILITY CONTROL • Some mthds: • Educate people • Adv of popln control • Raise age of marriage to educe repd span • Adopt family planning
- 9. I )Contraception -prevention of conception • 3 major catg: • A) natural • B) mechanical • C) chmical
- 10. Natural contraception • 1)rhythm mtd/calender • 2)Coitus interruptus/withdrawal mtd
- 11. Mechanical contraception • A) condom sheath) • B) Diaphragm (cap)
- 13. Chemical contraception • A) oral pills- for 21 days from 5th day of menstrual cycle –hormones est & progt inhibits FSH& LH • B) Vaginal spermicides
- 17. III) Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) IV )Removal of gonads hysterectomy-uterus oophorectomy -ovary castration-testis