Ferns Presentation
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The document summarizes a technique called FERNS that uses the power-up state of SRAM cells to provide both device identification and random number generation capabilities without requiring additional hardware. SRAM power-up state varies across chips due to manufacturing variations, providing a fingerprint for identification. It also varies across power cycles due to noise, providing a source of randomness. FERNS was tested on both passive RFID tags and microcontrollers, demonstrating its potential low-cost applications for device identification and random number generation using only existing SRAM circuits.
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Majorppt
The document discusses wireless sensor networks and describes a project using MICAz motes. It covers:
1. The characteristics and applications of wireless sensor networks, including sensing data and forwarding it through multi-hop routing.
2. Security threats in sensor networks like eavesdropping and denial of service attacks, and solutions like frequency hopping and encryption.
3. The project uses MICAz motes running TinyOS to sense temperature data and forward it securely through the network to a base station. Skipjack encryption and Diffie-Hellman key exchange provide security.
DDR3
DDR3 is an evolution of DDR2 RAM that provides faster speeds, lower power consumption, and other improvements. Key features of DDR3 include higher clock frequencies up to 1600MHz, lower voltage of 1.5V, 8-bit prefetch, on-die termination for better signal quality, and fly-by topology. DDR3 also has read/write leveling to calibrate timing, lower signaling standards for reduced power/noise, and improved routing guidelines.
AVR Fundamentals
1. Calibrate the line sensor readings by taking multiple samples while turning left and right to determine the minimum and maximum values.
2. Continuously read the line sensor position and calculate the proportional, integral, and derivative terms based on the error from the center.
3. Determine the difference in motor powers needed to turn toward the center based on the PID values, without allowing negative powers.
4. Set the motor speeds based on the power difference to steer toward the center line.
Wireless Microcontroller (IEEE802.15.4 and ZigBee): JN5139
The document provides an overview of the JN5139 wireless microcontroller from Jennic Ltd. It has an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant transceiver and supports ZigBee applications. It features a 32-bit RISC processor, various peripherals including ADCs and timers, and low power characteristics making it suitable for wireless sensor networks and other applications. The document describes the microcontroller features and architecture, transceiver details, and JenNet protocol stack.
Getting to Know the R8C/2A, 2B Group MCUs
The document provides an introduction to the R8C/2A and R8C/2B group of microcontroller units (MCUs) from Renesas. It outlines the key features of the MCUs including their 16-bit CPU core, memory sizes ranging from 48KB to 128KB of ROM and 2.5KB to 7.5KB of RAM, and integrated peripherals such as timers, serial interfaces, A/D converters, and watchdogs. Debugging can be done using a single-wire interface through the MODE pin without using other pins. Contact information is provided for purchasing samples or getting technical support.
Introduction to embedded systems
The document provides an overview of embedded systems and their typical components. It discusses the core architecture of microcontrollers, including operating modes, registers and interrupt handling. It also describes common input/output components like ports, serial interfaces including USART, SPI and I2C, and memory types including SRAM, SDRAM, NOR and NAND flash.
Hacking RF based IoT devices
When doing a security assessment, observing how a device communicates with the outside world is a must. It tells you what it sends and receives, and in general let you understand if it can be attacked. We have tools and methods to do it for the server side API, the associated mobile apps, the web apps and so on - but what about the device itself (the "thing")? Moreover, what happens if the device is not using traditional HTTP/S request, or does not even "speak" plain old tcp/ip?
During this talk, we'll go over the obstacles we have to face when analyzing unknown, custom RF based communication that drives the target IoT system we're pentesting. We'll talk about and see in action the tools that will allow us to capture RF traffic, analyze it, brute force it, replay it, and of course forge it. It's like common attacks, but at the RF level. So let's hack some things belonging to the real world!
PC based oscilloscope
This document describes a PC-based oscilloscope that uses a general-purpose computer to process and display waveforms. The oscilloscope captures input signals using an analog-to-digital converter and transfers the data to a PC via a parallel port. It can sample up to four input channels and uses an irregular sampling technique to reduce the required bandwidth of the PC interface. The PC software performs most of the signal processing and visualization.
3 g by pasha
1. The three sets involved in 3G handover are the active set, monitored set, and detected set. The active set contains cells in soft handover, the monitored set contains cells to monitor, and the detected set contains detected cells.
2. The major difference between GSM and UMTS handover decision is that GSM uses time-based reporting while UMTS uses event-triggered reporting.
3. Events 1A-1F relate to changes in primary common pilot channel power levels and adding or removing cells from the active set.
Electronics Microcontrollers for IoT applications
In this presentation we introduce some of best-known microcontrollers in the context of the IoT MOOC at EdX
L05 parallel
This document discusses various types and implementations of parallel architectures. It covers parallelism concepts like data, thread, and instruction level parallelism. It also describes Flynn's taxonomy of parallel systems and different parallel machine designs like SIMD, vector, VLIW, and MIMD architectures. Specific examples of parallel supercomputers are provided like Cray, Connection Machine, and SGI Origin. Challenges in parallel programming and portability are also summarized.
MCF5223x: Integrated ColdFire V2 Ethernet Microcontrollers
The document provides an overview of the features and specifications of the MCF5223x family of Ethernet microcontrollers from Freescale Semiconductor. Key features include a 10/100 Fast Ethernet controller, optional cryptographic acceleration and random number generator, integrated SRAM and flash memory, timers, analog to digital converters, and low power modes. The microcontrollers target applications such as medical devices, industrial automation, and networking.
A random number generator for rfid tags
This document describes a proposed true random number generator circuit for RFID tags. The circuit uses a simple operational amplifier with positive feedback configured as a Schmitt trigger. In the absence of an input signal, the output will be randomly set to either the positive or negative saturated output level depending on the polarity of the differential input thermal noise voltage from resistors at the input. This causes the output bit pattern to be random. Results show the output passes the NIST randomness tests without further processing. The simple circuit can be implemented on existing RFID tag platforms like MSP430 microcontrollers and meets requirements for being lightweight, robust to thermal and power attacks, and not requiring a seed value or continuous operation.
Chip package system apache - publish version
- Chip-Package-System (CPS) modeling involves integrated simulations of the chip, package and system to accurately model designs using advanced processes.
- CPS co-design verification requires chip and package co-verification from both the chip side using a package model and the package/system side using a detailed extracted chip model.
- Early analysis models of the chip are needed for early convergence of the package and system design.
- A Chip Power Model extracted from the chip layout and data can be used to support simulations for issues like voltage regulation, jitter, impedance analysis, transients, and resonance effects across the CPS.
IOLTS 2019: Agressive Undervolting of FPGAs: Power and Reliability Trade-offs
In this work, we evaluate aggressive undervolting, i.e., voltage underscaling below the nominal level to reduce the energy consumption of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Usually, voltage guardbands are added by chip vendors to ensure the worst-case process and environmental scenarios. Through experimenting on several FPGA architectures, we con¿rm a large voltage guardband for several FPGA components, which in turn, delivers signi¿cant power savings. However, further undervolting below the voltage guardband may cause reliability issues as the result of the circuit delay increase, and faults might start to appear. We extensively characterize the behavior of these faults in terms of the rate, location, type, as well as sensitivity to environmental temperature, primarily focusing on FPGA on-chip memories, or Block RAMs (BRAMs). Understanding this behavior can allow to deploy ef¿cient mitigation techniques, and in turn, FPGA-based designs can be improved for better energy, reliability, and performance trade-offs. Finally, as a case study, we evaluate a typical FPGA-based Neural Network (NN) accelerator when the FPGA voltage is underscaled. In consequence, the substantial NN energy savings come with the cost of NN accuracy loss. To attain power savings without NN accuracy loss below the voltage guardband gap, we proposed an application-aware technique and we also, evaluated the built-in Error-Correcting Code (ECC) mechanism. Hence, First, we developed an application-dependent BRAMs placement technique that relies on the deterministic behavior of undervolting faults, and mitigates these faults by mapping the most reliability sensitive NN parameters to BRAM blocks that are relatively more resistant to undervolting faults. Second, as a more general technique, we applied the built-in ECC of BRAMs and observed a signi¿cant fault coverage capability thanks to the behavior of undervolting faults, with a negligible power consumption overhead.
A low cost low-power ring oscillator-based truly random number generator for ...
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RISC-V 30907 summit 2020 joint picocom_mentor
This document discusses the challenges of building and optimizing open RAN systems for 5G networks. It describes Picocom's 5G baseband system-on-chip architecture using multiple RISC-V clusters and hardware accelerators. Maintaining performance and detecting problems is difficult due to the complex timing requirements across hundreds of users. Mentor's embedded analytics solution monitors the system non-intrusively using on-chip sensors to detect issues like timing overruns and help optimize performance both during development and over the lifetime of deployments.
7 eti pres
This document summarizes findings from testing the bandwidth and power capabilities of the Single Chip Cloud (SCC) framework. Key findings include:
- The SCC framework achieved maximum bandwidth by using one channel per core-pair with a large 1MB window size and fast polling of incoming data.
- External monitoring of the SCC's voltage and current was used to keep the chip under safe power conditions. The backend power API allows setting frequency and voltage levels.
- Internal synchronization of clock cycles across cores was needed since cores start at different cycle counts after reset. Frequency changes also require updating time calculations.
- Testing found issues with voltage readings from the baseboard management controller and contention when too many cores polled
DTMF Based.ppt
This document describes a lighting load control system using GSM technology. The system uses a microcontroller that is connected to devices, an LCD display, and a DTMF decoder. The DTMF decoder receives DTMF tones from a mobile phone over GSM and decodes them. The microcontroller then controls devices like lights or appliances based on the decoded DTMF tones received from the mobile phone. The system allows remote monitoring and control of devices using a mobile phone through the GSM network.
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