This document discusses the use of programmable system on chip (PSoC) technology for instrumentation and embedded system design. It provides an overview of PSoC features such as programmable analog and digital blocks, processing cores, and development tools. Examples are given of using PSoCs for applications like temperature measurement, pH measurement, electrical conductivity measurement, and humidity sensing. The document highlights the benefits of PSoCs compared to traditional ASICs such as reconfigurability, lower development costs, and good performance. It also lists several publications by the author applying PSoC technology to measurement of various physical parameters.

1. Scaling Down An Instrumentation: Deploying
Analog Mixed Signal Technology
Prof. (Dr.) S. K. Tilekar
Head
Post Graduate Department of Electronics
VLSI Design & Research Centre, Post Graduate Department of Electronics
Shankarrao Mohite Mahavidyalaya, Akluj.

2. 2

3. 3
First talk on nanotechnology in 1959 by Richard Feynman “There’s Plenty of
Room at the Bottom”

4. Nanotechnology Potentials
• Nanoparticles
• Nanomaterials
• Nanooptics
• Nanomagnetics
• Nanofluidics
• Nanoelectronics
• Nanobioelectronics
• Nanoelectromechanics, etc.

6. High Volume Manufacturing (HVM) Wafer

7. Infineon Unveils World`s Smallest Nanotube
Transistor
Carbon nanotubes 0.7 to 1.1 nm in diameter
A single human hair is around 100,000 times thicker by comparison.

8. Carbon Nanotubes Transistors –The Future of
Electronic Devices

9. Semiconductor Device Fabrication
MOSFET Scaling
10 µm – 1971
6 µm – 1974
3 µm – 1977
1.5 µm – 1981
1 µm – 1984
800 nm – 1987
600 nm – 1990
350 nm – 1993
250 nm – 1996
180 nm – 1999
130 nm – 2001
90 nm – 2003
65 nm – 2005
45 nm – 2007
32 nm – 2009
22 nm – 2012
14 nm – 2014
10 nm – 2016
7 nm – 2018
5 nm – ~2020
3 nm – ~2021
2 nm – ~2024

10. 10
Processor
Transistor
Count
Year of
Intro.
Process
nm
Area
mm²
Intel 4004 (4-bit) 2,250 1971 10,000 12
Intel 80186 (16-bit) 55,000 1982 3,000 60
ARM 1 (32-bit) 25,000 1985 3,000 50
ARM700 (32-bit) 578,977 1994 700 69
ARM Cortex-A9(32-bit) 26,000,000 2007 45 31
Apple A9X (dual core 64/32-bit
ARM64)
3,000,000,000+ 2015 16 144
HiSilicon Kirin 970 (octa-core
64/32-bit ARM64)
5,500,000,000 2017 10 97
HiSilicon Kirin 990 5G 10,300,000,000 2019 7 113

11. 11

12. 12
Texas
MicroSemi

13. Research Areas
Mixed Signal Based PSoC design : An innovative
field for
 Electronic Instrumentation
 Embedded System Design
 Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Biomedical Instrumentation
13

14. Mixed (Analog + Digital) Signal Based
PSoC design
An innovative field for……..
14

15. Op
amp
LP
filter A/D Microcontroller
Op
ampD/A
Sensor
Digital Outputs
LEDs
Competitive Solutions
A schematic of Typical Instrumentation
15

17. Op
amp
LP
filter A/D Microcontroller D/A
Sensor
Digital Outputs
LEDs
Programmable System on Chip (PSoC)
17

18. Programmable System on Chip (PSoC)
 Static as well as Dynamic configurability IP Cores
 FPGA platform
 Advanced microcontroller Core (ARM Core)
 Specific IDE for system development
Programmable System on Chip (PSoC)
SoB to SoC
18

19. System on Board (SoB)
System on Chip (SoC)
Programmable System on Chip (PSoC)
Analog and Mixed Signal Based
Programmable System on Chip (AMS-PSoC)

20. System on Chip
Controller
Core
MemoryTiming
Source
PeripheralsCommunication
Interface
Analog Interface
Power Supply
Management
Circuit
Processor
Peripherals
Memory
Software
Algorithms
In
Out

21. Digital Interface
Analog
Reconfigurable
Blocks
Analog Mixed Signal based PSoC die
Analog Interface
Embedded
Processor Cores
Embedded
Memory
Digital
Reconfigurable
Blocks
Analog I/P Signal Analog O/P Signal
Digital I/O Signal

22. Integration
Of
Programmable Analog
Devices
And
Programmable Digital
Devices
with
Computing device
cores
Embedded Marketplace
Digital
CoresAnalog
Cores
Processing
Core

23. PSoC 1, PSoC 3, PSoC5 and PSoC 4
23

24. Feature PSoC1 PSoC3 PSoC5 PSoC4
Interface
SPI, UART, GPIO,
FS-USB, I2C
PSoC1 plus CAN,
I2C
Same
as PSoC3
Same as PSoC3
Inputs
Sensors, CapSense,
Touchscreen, Analog
PSoC1 plus
Precision analog
PSoC3 plus High-
speed analog
PSoC3 plus fully
customizable
analog and digital
fabric
GPIO outputs
LED control, Motor
control, Analog
buffers
PSoC1 plus LCD
segment drive, LED
drive, advanced
Motor control
PSoC3 plus QVGA
LCD control
PSoC3 plus field-
oriented control
(FOC) motor control
Processing core
devices, Clock
speed
M8C processor
24 MHZ
8051 processor
67 MHz
ARM Cortex-M3
processor 80 MHz
ARM Cortex-M0
processor 48 MHz

25. Digital Ports Digital Array
Analog-Digital
Interface
Analog Ports Analog Array
Analog Bus
System Bus
Interrupt
Controller
CPU
SROM
SRAM
Register Space
From
Digital
Port
From
Digital
Array
From Analog-
Digital Interface
Controls For
Analog and Digital Ports, Analog
and Digital Array, Analog-Digital
Interface, System and Analog Bus,
Interrupt Controller and
Clock Subsystem
Clock Sub-System
Clock for CPU, Analog and
Digital Array, Analog-Digital
Interface and Interrupt Controller

26. PSoC Features
26
 Programmable analog blocks
 Programmable digital blocks
 Programmable interconnect
 Programmable I/O ports
 Programmable clocks
 Programmable communication interface
 Programmable reference sources
 Sophisticated processing cores
 Selectable power supply.

27. Inputs :
 Each pin can sink 25mA
 Programmable filters
 Flexible sensor interface I/O
 3 types of ADCs, up to 4
Processing :
 Fast M8 Microcontroller Core
 Multiply Accumulate
Outputs :
 Each pin can source 10mA
 Up to 16 PWMs, Timers, Counters
 Up to 9-bit DACs, 14-bit ADCs
Support Functions :
 EEPROM
 Sleep Options
 Watch Dog Timer
 Low voltage detect
PSoC Device Features:
27

28. Additional Features
 Comprehensive Design Tools
 Intuitive Resource Placement
 Easy Routing
 Powerful Logic
 Dynamic Reconfiguration
28

29. Feature PSoC ASIC
Fixed-
processor
H/W flexibility Good Good Poor
Reconfigurability Good Good Poor
S/W flexibility Good Good Good
Development
time/cost
Good Low Low
Peripheral
equipment costs
Good High Very High
Production cost Moderate High Less
Performance Good Good Good
Power efficiency Excellent Good Good

30. PSoC recourses
30
CPU SYSTEM
Memory
System
Program and
Debug
Cortex M3
Processor
Interrupt
Controller
Cache
PHUB and
DMA Controller
System Bus
 ARM Cortex-M3 CPU subsystem
 Non-volatile memory subsystem
 Digital subsystem
 Analog subsystem
 Programming, debug, and test
subsystem
 System resources
MEMORY SYSTEM
CPU
System
EEPROM SRAM
EMIF Flash
System Bus
PROGRAM AND DEBUG
Program
Debug and
Emulating
Boundary Scan
System Bus
SYSTEM RESOURCES
Clocking System
Power Management
System
I/O System
System Bus

31. Programmable digital Blocks
31

33. Digital Blocks
33

34. •Timer
8, 16, 24, 32 bit
•Counter
8, 16, 24, 32 bit
•PWM
8, 16, 24, 32 bit
•Decimator
34

35. Programmable Analog Blocks
35

36. Principle of Switching Capacitor
i = V/R … (1)
Q = CV … (2)
I average = Q/T = Qfs = CVfs … (3)
R equivalent = V/I average = 1/Cfs … (4)
P = V2Cfs … (5)
36
Vin
C
Vout
ϕ2
ϕ1
R
i
Vin
Source Load
m1 m2

37. Switching Capacitor : Summing Amplifer
37

38. Analog Blocks
 A/D Converters
 8-bit Successive
Approximation
 8-bit Delta Sigma
 20-bit Delta Sigma
 12-bit Incremental
 7-13 bit Variable
Incremental
 Dual input 7-13 bit
Variable Incremental
 Tri input 7-13 bit Variable
Incremental
 D/A Converters
 6, 8, and 9-bit
 6 and 8 bit multiplying
 Filters
 2-pole Low-pass filter
 2-pole Band-pass filter
 Amplifiers
 Programmable Gain
Amplifier
 Instrumentation Amplifier
 Inverting Amplifier
 Programmable Threshold
Comparator
Programmable Gain Amplifier
38

39. Analog Interface System

40. 40

41. Continuous Time (CT) PSoC Block

42. Analog Switched Capacitor Block (Type C)

43. On chip Clock Resources
43

44. Conceptual Power Management System
44
VDDA
VDDDDigital
Regulators
Hibernate
Regulators
I2C
Regulators
Sleep
Regulators
Analog
Regulators
Digital
Domain
Analog
Domain
VDDD
VCCA
VSSA
VCCD
VSSD
VDDIO0
VDDIO1
VDDIO3
VDDIO2
Ultra low power consumption about 1μA and 0.15 μA in sleep and hibernate mode
Active
Hibernate
Alternative
Active
Sleep
Manual

45. 45

46. Cypress
PSoC CY8C55
Amplifier Buffer
Smart LCD
Amplifier Buffer
Temperature
Sensor
AD590
AC
Excitation
Standard
EC Cell
PGA
Analog to
Digital
Convertor
Analog
Multiplexer
Current DAC

47. 47

48. FEATURES
 Linear current output: 1 μA/K
 Wide temperature range: −55°C to +150°C
 2-terminal device: voltage in/current out
 Laser trimmed to ±0.5°C calibration accuracy
 Excellent linearity: ±0.3°C over full range
 Wide power supply range: 4 V to 30 V

49. T in 0C = (VT + 0.7503)/1.0377

50. 20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperaturein
0C
Observed temperature on SoC in 0C
SoC under investigation
Hanna HI991300
Deviation is -0.265 0C

51. Experimental set up for Calibration of SoC to pH Units
Analog and Mixed signal Based SoC for pH Measurement
pH of solution = 0.0177 (VpH) + 0.3261
Slope is 56.60

52. Deviation is -0.0019
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
pHofthesolution
Volume (ml) of the base used for titration with acid
SoC under Investigation
HI991300 meter
S. K. Tilekar et. al., Designing of Mixed Signal based Programmable
System on Chip for temperature compensated pH Measurement,
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue
6, June-2013

53. Temp
Measured
in o
C
Temp dependent NERNST
coefficient for pH in mV/pH
Given by the System under
Investigation From system
(PSoC)
Temp dependent NERNST
coefficient for pH in mV/pH
Obtained from datasheet
20 58.18 58.16
25 59.17 59.16
30 60.16 60.15
35 61.13 61.14
40 62.13 62.13
45 63.14 63.12
50 64.13 64.12
55 65.12 65.11
60 66.12 66.10
65 67.11 67.09
70 68.09 68.08
75 69.10 69.08
80 70.09 70.07
53

54. 54

55. 55
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
ECinmS/cm
Observed emf VEC in mV
EC = 0.0202 (VEC)2 + 1.7976 (VEC) + 72.887 ---1
EC = 98.49 e(0.012VEC) ---2
EC = 0.068 e(0.032 VEC) ---3
ECTComp = EC (1 / (1 + 0.0203 (Temp – 27) ) ) ---4
Electrical Conductivity Calibration

56. Deviation is 12.87 mS/cm

57. S. K. Tilekar et. al. Synthesis of AMS Based System-
on-Chip for Measurement of Physico-chemical
Parameters of Water, Int. Journal of Engg and
Advanced Technology (IJEAT),
(ISSN: 2249-8958) 6 ICDSIP17 (2017) 147-152

58. 58

59. Mixed signal Based PSoC for High-TechAgriculture
59

61. Circuit Schematic of the SoC designed for
measurement of Physical Parameters

64. Untreated water of WTP (Inlet Water)

65. Untreated water of WTP (Inlet Water)

66. 66
S.K. Tilekar et. al. Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 310 (2013) pp 490-493
‘Development Of Ni-Zn Ferrite Based Smart Humidity Sensor Module By Using
Mixed Signal Programmable System-On-Chip’

67. 67
S.K. Tilekar et. al. An Embedded System for Comparative Performance Analysis of
Monolithic Temperature Sensors, i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering
(JELE), (ISSN Print: 2229-7286; Online: 2249-0760)

68. 68
S. C. Pathan & S. K. Tilekar et. al.
Designing of Mixed Signal Based System-On-Chip for ECG Monitoring, Journal of
Applied Science and Computations, (ISSN: 1076-5131), VI II (2019)
2351-2357

69. 69
S. S. Shaikh & S. K. Tilekar et. al., Development of Smart Fusion Technology
Based Customizable System-on-Chip For Monitoring of Polyhouse Parameters,
International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, France, (ISSN 2229-
5518)

70. Thank You 70
Publication
1. Papers Published In National / International Journals : 36
2. Papers Published in Proceeding Conference, Seminars, etc.
International : 03
National : 31
3. Papers Presented in Conference, Seminars, Symposia etc.
International : 10
National : 87
State : 09
4. National Research Exhibits Presented in University and : 19
State Level Avishkar the Research Festivals