FedEx's unique operating strategy functions on three levels: competing collectively as one brand worldwide, operating independently to meet customer needs, and managing collaboratively to sustain relationships. FedEx's marketing and operations strategies were initially linked through slogans emphasizing overnight delivery and operational excellence. Their marketing was based on operational differentiation through innovations like their hub-and-spokes system and use of technology for tracking. Recent industry changes have hurt FedEx as some customers opted for slower delivery services in the soft economy, leading to declines in international and domestic express volumes.