Adipose tissue, also known as body fat, is an important metabolic tissue composed primarily of adipocytes or fat cells. It exists in two main types - white adipose tissue which stores excess calories, and brown adipose tissue which generates heat by burning calories through non-shivering thermogenesis. Increasing levels of adipose tissue have been linked to health problems like obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Adipose tissue performs important endocrine functions by secreting hormone-like molecules called adipokines that regulate processes like energy balance, food intake and inflammatory response. Crosstalk between adipose tissue and epithelial tumors can accelerate cancer through several mechanisms.

1. FATS CELLS
By Angie Arafa
MonaTarek
Menna Hussien

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION ON FAT
CELLS
FUNCTION OF ADIPOSE
TISSUE
CLASSIFICATION OF
ADIPOSE TISSUE
(WAT-BAT)
ROLE OF ADIPOCYTES IN
CANCER

3. Introduction:
Not all fats are bad for us as:
• Certain types of fat cells can
accumulate in our bodies and
cause health problems.
• other types have evolved to turn
fuel into heat – so they can
actually burn calories.

4. WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS TO
KNOW ABOUT ADIPOSE TISSUE?
• Adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue mainly
composed of fat cells know as Adipocytes.
• In healthy adults, adipose tissue usually comprises 20-
25% of the total body weight.
§ Increasing levels of adipose tissue has been associated
with several health problems, including obesity,
diabetes mellitus, and heart disease.

5. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF
ADIPOSE TISSUE?
• Adipose tissue performs important endocrine and metabolic roles by secreting
several biologically active factors known as ADIPOKINES.
• Adipokines contribute to a variety of different functions, including :
1) Regulation of energy balance.
2) Food intake and satiety
3) Inflammatory response
4) Metabolism of steroid hormones

6. ADIPOSE TISSUE
Risky
unharmed
White adipose tissue
(Made up of white and beige adipocytes)
Brown adipose tissue
(Made up of brown adipocytes)
§ WAT results from storing excess calories
where the body converts them into an energy
reserve in the form of white fat.
§ WAT distribution affects metabolic risk.
§ BAT generates heat by burning calories
§ White adipose tissue is the predominant
type of fat in the human body.
§ Brown adipose tissue is mostly present
during fetal life and in infants.

7. HOW IS ADIPOSE TISSUE CLASSIFIED?
• Adipose tissue is arises from the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into
adipocytes during fetal development.
• Adipocytes are categorized into three different cell types-White, brown, and
beige adipocytes-based on their origin, location, and function.

8. WHITE ADIPOCYTES

9. STRUCTURE:
-White adipocytes contain large fat droplets, minimal
cytoplasm, and flattened nuclei that are not centered.
-The normal amounts of white adipose tissue are 6–25%
of body weight in adult males and 14–35% in adult
females.

10. LOCATION:
Beneath the skin
(subcutaneous fat)
Around internal
organs
(Visceral fat)
In the central cavity
of bones
(Bone marrow fat)
CushioningVarious
parts of the body

11. FUNCTION:
• The main function of white adipocytes is to store excess energy in
the form of fatty molecules.
• These molecules contribute to a variety of different functions,
including regulation of energy balance, food intake and satiety,
inflammatory response, and metabolism of steroid hormones.
• . Finally, white adipose tissue also helps cushion and protect parts
of the body, as well as insulate the body from extreme
temperatures.

12. BROWN ADIPOCYTES

13. STRUCTURE:
• Brown adipocytes have the
appearance of a sponge due to the
multiple droplets in the cytoplasm.
.
• Brown adipocytes are very
metabolically active cells that contain
multiple lipid droplets, and a high
concentration of mitochondriaWhich
are rich in iron.

14. LOCATION:
Ø In newborns, brown adipose tissue is mainly located
on the back, along the upper half of the spine, in
between the shoulders, and surrounding the kidneys.
Ø In adults, remaining brown fat deposits can be found
surrounding the vertebrae, above the clavicles, in the upper
back, and in the mediastinum

15. FUNCTION:
• The Main role of brown fat is to use energy to generate heat through a process
called non-shivering thermogenesis.
• In newborns, non-shivering thermogenesis serves as an important defense
mechanism to protect newborns against hypothermia.
• In adults, non-shivering thermogenesis becomes secondary to shivering
thermogenesis.

16. CARCINOGENESIS OF
ADIPOCYTES
• obesity has been linked to an increased
risk and aggressiveness of numerous
cancer types.
• Many biologic activities within adipose
tissue change with obesity and may
contribute to carcinogenesis and the
initiation of cancer.

17. • As we grow older and gain weight, we begin losing our brown fat cells and increase
the number of lipid-storing white fat cells.
• If you ingest excess calories, white adipocytes enlarge their lipid stores and increase
in number. This increases the risk of a number of diseases, one being cancer.
• There is definite crosstalk between adipose tissues and the epithelial cell tumors
called carcinomas.
• Adipocytes are typically absent within the normal parenchyma of epithelial glands.
However, in invasive carcinomas, adipocytes come in direct contact with tumors,
especially in the reproductive and digestive organs. Several epithelial cancers
During this interplay between carcinoma and the fat tissue, there are many cancer-
accelerating mechanisms at work.

18. Questions:
1) MENTIONTHE FUNCTION OF ADIPOSETISSUE.
a) Regulation of energy balance.
b) Food intake and satiety.
c) Inflammatory response.
d) Metabolism of steroid hormones

19. 2) WHAT ISTHETYPES OF ADIPOSETISSUE?
a) White adipose tissue (Made up of white and beige adipocytes).
b) Brown adipose tissue (Made up of brown adipocytes).
3) WHAT HAPPENS BY INCREASING LEVELS OF ADIPOSE
TISUUE?
Several health problems will occur, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and
heart disease.

20. REFERENCES:
• https://www.wholefoodplantbaseddiet.com/tag/non-shivering-thermogenesis/
• https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13046-020-01666-z
• https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/adipose-tissue
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3927012/
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnutrition.org%2Fobesity
-not-disease-sloth-
gluttony%2F&psig=AOvVaw2rNbBogpgR8eN7UFF8KO7u&ust=164863500298100
0&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCKjX3Y-
K6_YCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5932630/