Fast Track surgery from the orthopedic point of view
How to apply FTS in orthopedics specially in Arthroplasty surgery. Evidence based practice in orthopedics
HEMORRHOIDECTOMY- OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #hemorrhoidectomy #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Subscription Link: http://youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator...
Surgical Educator Android App link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/de...
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• In this video today, I have discussed Hemorrhoidectomy- Barron’s banding, open and closed hemorrhoidectomy, Stapler hemorrhoidectomy and THD- Transanal Hemorroidal Dearterialisation. So, it is a 4in1 video.
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch the video in the following links:
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDICECTOMY- OPERATIVE SURGERY
Dear Viewers,
Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
In this episode I am talking about how to do Laparoscopic Appendicectomy. This is not the real surgery video, but I am discussing the theoretical aspect of the Laparoscopic Appendicectomy. I am discussing about the indications, positioning of patient & surgeon, port placement, creation of pneumoperitoneum and the sequential steps in doing Laparoscopic Appendicectomy. After watching this video, I recommend my viewers to watch the actual real Laparoscopic Appendicectomy surgery, which I have included at the end of this video as one of the end cards. In this way you can do a mental rehearsal of the various steps of the surgery before you are actually going to do it. You can watch the videos in the following Links:
Surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
Youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video.
different type of lower limb amputation with indication, peri-operative care, surgical steps, post op care complication and different type of prosthesis
HEMORRHOIDECTOMY- OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #hemorrhoidectomy #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Subscription Link: http://youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator...
Surgical Educator Android App link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/de...
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• In this video today, I have discussed Hemorrhoidectomy- Barron’s banding, open and closed hemorrhoidectomy, Stapler hemorrhoidectomy and THD- Transanal Hemorroidal Dearterialisation. So, it is a 4in1 video.
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch the video in the following links:
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDICECTOMY- OPERATIVE SURGERY
Dear Viewers,
Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
In this episode I am talking about how to do Laparoscopic Appendicectomy. This is not the real surgery video, but I am discussing the theoretical aspect of the Laparoscopic Appendicectomy. I am discussing about the indications, positioning of patient & surgeon, port placement, creation of pneumoperitoneum and the sequential steps in doing Laparoscopic Appendicectomy. After watching this video, I recommend my viewers to watch the actual real Laparoscopic Appendicectomy surgery, which I have included at the end of this video as one of the end cards. In this way you can do a mental rehearsal of the various steps of the surgery before you are actually going to do it. You can watch the videos in the following Links:
Surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
Youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video.
different type of lower limb amputation with indication, peri-operative care, surgical steps, post op care complication and different type of prosthesis
PREVENTIONandTreatment of Sleeve Gastrectomy Leaks
Dr Rutledge
Where does it occur?
ONE PLACE!
This is “Tiger Country” – remember that!
Managing ComplicationsFIRST Prevent Complications
Managing LeaksFirst Prevent Leaks!!
Examples of ComplacencySleeve Gastrectomy Leak
“Sleeve Gastrectomy & Risk of Leak: Systematic Analysis of 4,888 Patients”
“Risk of leak is low at 2.4%"
Surg Endosc. 2012 Jun;26(6):1509-15. Epub 2011 Dec 17. Aurora AR, Khaitan L, Saber AA. Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
Information about Fast Track Surgery by Dr. Dhaval Mangukiya
Details of Fast Track Surgery, ERAS, Sir David Cuthbertson, Procedure-Specific fast-track surgery results, Colorectal surgery, Esophageal Resection, Pancreatic Surgery, Liver Surgery, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reveiws, Primary outcomes, Secondary outcomes, and Results
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
Fast track surgery
1. Fast Track Surgery
In orthopedics
By
Abdullah Ahmed Nada, MSc
Assistant lecturer, Orthopedic department, Tanta school of
medicine
Acknowledgement
Prof. Dr Wael Samir
3. Introduction
• Perioperative protocol
• Also called ERAS ( Enhanced Recovery After
Surgery)
• The term was first used by Preofessor Henrik
Kehlet (Denmark) In 1990 (Gastroenterologist
surgeon)
19. Bleeding
• Preoperative Hb level
• 90% chance of transfusion with preoperative
Hb less than 10g/dl
• 15-25% chance with preop Hb 10-13g/dl
20. Preop transfusion thresholds
• Lower limit of 10g/dl is recommended before major
orthopedic surgery
• Little evidence supports that
• Risk benefit relationship (transfusion complications)
• Lower than 7g/dl with clinical indicators (symptomatic)
• Less than 8-9g/dl for elderly, cardiac, peripheral
vascular disease
21. Prevention of bleeding
• Avoid Cefoperazone / Sulbactam (Salbin)
reported to decrease Hb
• Epidural anethesia > hypotension
• Avoid hypothermia
• IV Tranexamic acid 1g/100 ml saline with
induction
• Smaller incisions ?
• Electrocautery
• IV Tranxamic acid 1/100 ml saline at start of
closure
25. Drains in practice?
• The routine use of a suction drain is unnecessary after
an uncomplicated total joint arthroplasty *
• There is insufficient evidence from randomised
controlled trials (RCTs) to support the routine use of
closed suction drainage in orthopaedic surgery.*
• Despite the paucity of clinical evidence demonstrating
any benefit supporting their use, drains continue to be
placed after elective orthopaedic procedure*
• Wound compression, Clamping (3-4 hours)
29. Removal of drains
• Generally, drains should be removed once the drainage has
stopped or becomes less than about 25 ml/day
• If output seems excessive, the drain can be clamped, and a
compressive dressing may be applied for 30 to 45 minutes.
On postoperative day 1, the surgical drain is removed
regardless of output.
• Risk benefit relationship
• Early removal may decrease the risk of some complications,
especially infection *
30. Anticoagualtion
• Prophylaxis should be continued at least 10–14 days, and considered for
up to 35 days postoperatively.
• Screening asymptomatic patients for VTE with Doppler/Duplex ultrasound
is not recommended.*
• IVC filter placement is not recommended in patients with
contraindications to other treatments *
• Increasing the VTE prophylaxis dose of LMWH by 30% may be appropriate
in morbidly obese patients (BMI >40 kg/m2) *
• Decreasing VTE prophylaxis dose of enoxaparin may also be appropriate in
patients with low body weight (<45 kg for women and <57 kg for men)
33. Less Invasive surgery
• Minimal Skin and soft tissue dissection
without major increase in difficulty and /or
time of operation.
• Not defined by length of the exposure
34.
35.
36.
37. Is Fast Track Surgery safe and
effective ?
Evidence?
44. • In summary :
Saves money
Saves Resources
Saves Time
No increased complication risk
45. Take home messages
• Fast track surgery is a perioperative,
Multidisciplinary protocol, safe and effective
• Multimodal analgesics pre, intra and
postoperative
• Blood transfusion if less than 7,, 9 in elderly,
cardiac
• Prevent intraoperative bleeding ,,Tranexamic acid
role, drains role
• Less invasive surgery,,,smaller not always better
46. References
• Parker MJ, Roberts C; Closed suction surgical wound drainage after orthopaedic
surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001(4):CD001825.
• Parker MJ, Livingstone V, Clifton R, et al; Closed suction surgical wound drainage
after orthopaedic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18(3):CD001825.
• Clifton R, Haleem S, McKee A, et al; Closed suction surgical wound drainage after
hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised
controlled trials. Int Orthop. 2007 Aug 9.
• Clifton R, Haleem S, McKee A, et al; Closed suction surgical wound drainage after
anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review of randomised
controlled trials. Knee. 2007 Oct14(5):348-51. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
• Gaines RJ, Dunbar RP; The use of surgical drains in orthopedics. Orthopedics. 2008
Jul31(7):702-5
• Guyot A, Layer G; MRSA - 'bug-bear' of a surgical practice: reducing the incidence
of MRSA surgical site infections. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2006 Mar88(2):222
• Falck-Ytter Y, Francis CW, Johanson NA et al. Prevention of VTE in orthopedic
surgery patients. Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed:
American College of Chest Physicians. Chest 2012;141(2)(Suppl):e278s–e325s
• Nutescu EA, Spinler SA, Wittkowsky A, Dager WE. Low-molecular-weight heparins
in renal impairment and obesity: available evidence and clinical practice
recommendations across medical and surgical settings. Ann Pharmacother.
2009;43:1064–83
47. • Glassou EN, Pedersen AB, Hansen TB. Risk of re-admission, reoperation, and
mortality within 90 days of total hip and knee arthroplasty in fast-track
departments in Denmark from 2005 to 2011. Acta Orthop. 2014;85(5):493–500.
• Tucci G, Amorese V, Romanini E. Closed suction drainage after orthopaedic
surgery: Evidence versus practice. J Orthop Traumatol. 2006;7(1):29–32.
• Murphy JP, Scott JE. The effectiveness of suction drainage in total hip arthroplasty.
J R Soc Med [Internet]. 1993;86(7):388–9. Available from:
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1293006&tool=pmce
ntrez&rendertype=abstract
• Choudhari P, Padia D. Role of Drainage Clamping For the Control of Blood Loss in
Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty. 2015;3(8):28–30.
• Jeon YS, Park JS, Kim MK. Optimal release timing of temporary drain clamping after
total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Research; 2017;12(1):1–
• Stucinskas J, Tarasevicius S, Cebatorius A, Robertsson O, Smailys A, Wingstrand H.
Conventional drainage versus four hour clamping drainage after total knee
arthroplasty in severe osteoarthritis: A prospective, randomised trial. Int Orthop.
2009;33(5):1275–8.