Factm malaria 3
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This document discusses malaria from a public health and travel medicine perspective. It provides an overview of the global and regional epidemiology of malaria, outlines considerations for pre-travel risk assessment and prevention strategies like chemoprophylaxis. It also discusses expedition medicine contingencies such as rapid diagnostic tests, antimalarial therapy and medical evacuation plans. The document stresses the importance of considering malaria in returned travelers presenting with fever who have visited endemic areas, as well as emerging issues related to changing patterns of malaria transmission and drug resistance.
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Phytothreats WP3 overview
This document provides an overview of Work Package 3 (WP3) which aims to identify and rank global Phytophthora threats to the UK. WP3 will model the risk of introduction, establishment, and spread of Phytophthora species. It will identify key introduction pathways and map suitable habitat areas in the UK. The team members and their roles are described. Methods for modeling introduction risk, mapping global and UK habitat suitability, and relating establishment patterns to traits are outlined. Milestones include compiling occurrence and trait databases to parameterize the risk models.
Investigation of an epidemic
This document outlines the steps for investigating an epidemic. It describes defining the scope of the epidemic in terms of time, place, and affected individuals. Key steps include verifying diagnoses, confirming the epidemic's existence, defining case criteria, identifying the at-risk population, analyzing data to form hypotheses about the cause, and testing hypotheses. The investigation aims to control the current outbreak and make recommendations to prevent future epidemics.
Dr Nicole Basta @ @ MRF's Meningitis & Septicaemia in Children & Adults 2015
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The document describes a seroprevalence survey conducted at Princeton University following a MenB outbreak and vaccination campaign. The survey was launched 9 weeks after vaccinations were recommended. Over 600 students enrolled and provided blood samples to test MenB antibody levels. A standardized process was followed to collect, monitor, and send samples to the lab for analysis. The goal was to assess vaccine uptake and determine how immunogenic the MenB vaccine was against the outbreak strain.Ice berg phenamenon
The document discusses the "iceberg phenomenon" in diseases, where only a small visible portion (the tip of the iceberg) of total cases are clinically apparent. The larger submerged part represents subclinical or unrecognized cases. Screening surveys can help detect these hidden cases. Infectious diseases often demonstrate this iceberg pattern, with many subclinical infections, while non-infectious diseases usually present fewer hidden cases. The iceberg model helps understand the natural history and spread of disease in a population, and can inform control programs. Epidemiologists explore the submerged part to better characterize disease distribution and determinants.
Epidemiology v1.5 unit 1
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations. It has several aims including describing disease occurrence, identifying risk factors, and evaluating prevention programs. Key events in the history of epidemiology include John Snow's investigation of a cholera outbreak in London and Florence Nightingale's studies on epidemic typhus. Epidemiology is used in public health to investigate health issues and inform interventions and policies.
Study designs
This document discusses various study designs used in medical research. It describes descriptive study designs like case reports, case series, ecological studies, and cross-sectional studies which are used to describe characteristics of subjects. It also describes analytical study designs like case-control studies and cohort studies which are used to analyze associations between exposures and outcomes. Experimental study designs like randomized controlled trials are also discussed which are used to evaluate interventions. Key aspects of each study design like their strengths, weaknesses and steps are highlighted.
The lived experience of Australian nurses working in disaster environments
The document outlines a research study exploring the lived experience of Australian registered nurses working in out-of-hospital disaster environments. The study aims to describe and interpret nurses' experiences working in unfamiliar disaster settings and explore the transferability of their in-hospital skills. The methodology involves phenomenological analysis of semi-structured interviews with nurses who have responded to disasters in civilian roles in the last five years.
Influence of the Timing of Malaria Infection during pregnancy on birth weight...
This study evaluated the relationship between the timing of malaria infection during pregnancy and birth weight and maternal anemia at delivery. The study took place in a high malaria transmission area of Benin, Africa, where Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant malaria parasite species. Pregnant women were followed monthly during antenatal care visits. Malaria infection was detected using rapid diagnostic tests and blood smears. Infections early in pregnancy were associated with both decreased mean birth weight and increased risk of maternal anemia at delivery. Infections later in pregnancy only increased the risk of maternal anemia, not birth weight.
Epidemiology an overview
Epidemiology is the study of disease patterns in populations and the factors influencing these patterns. Some key points:
- Epidemiology aims to determine disease origins, investigate control, and understand ecology and impacts on populations.
- Descriptive epidemiology characterizes disease distribution, who is affected, when and where. Analytic epidemiology examines why through comparing groups and potential risk factors.
- Studies include experimental, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort designs to analyze associations between exposures and outcomes.
- Methods include surveys, monitoring, surveillance and studying sentinel populations to track disease occurrence and changes over time.
Investigation of epidemic
This document outlines the steps involved in investigating an epidemic:
1. Verification of diagnoses and defining cases is the first step to understand the scope and characteristics of the epidemic.
2. Confirmation of an actual epidemic involves comparing case numbers to historical data to determine if there is unusual disease occurrence.
3. Defining the population at risk, rapidly searching for all cases, collecting data on characteristics, and analyzing patterns in time, place and person help identify potential causes and transmission routes.
Hepatitis virus notes
The document discusses the syllabus for a course on virology and mycology. It covers 6 units, including introductions to mycology and medical fungi, fungal infections, virology sample collection and processing, RNA viruses like hepatitis and coronaviruses, DNA viruses like herpes and hepatitis viruses, and advanced PCR techniques for viral genome identification. It also provides an overview of the learning objectives and topics to be discussed in each unit, such as taxonomy of fungi, viral staining techniques, specific RNA and DNA viruses, and applications of PCR technology.
INVESTIGATION OF EPIDEMIC powerpoint.pptx
The document outlines the steps for investigating an epidemic, including verifying diagnoses, confirming the existence of an epidemic, defining the population at risk, rapidly searching for all cases and their characteristics, analyzing data, formulating and testing hypotheses, evaluating ecological factors, further investigating the population at risk, and writing a report of the investigation. The goal of the investigation is to determine the cause, source, and mode of transmission of the epidemic in order to implement control measures and prevent future recurrence.
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This document discusses the role of epidemiology in disasters. It defines disasters and lists different types, including natural disasters and terrorism. It notes that from 1994-2004 there were over a million natural disasters worldwide. Factors like population growth, poverty, and environmental degradation increase disaster severity. The document emphasizes that epidemiology is important for assessing needs, injuries, and diseases after disasters, as well as evaluating response efforts. It outlines challenges for epidemiologists in disaster settings like infrastructure losses and time pressures. Overall, the document promotes standardized disaster health information and evidence-based responses.
Wildlife-livestock-human interface: recognising drivers of disease
This document summarizes a presentation on wildlife-livestock-human disease transmission interfaces in Kenya. It discusses drivers of emerging infectious diseases like climate change and land use changes. Case studies on zoonotic diseases in smallholder farms in Western Kenya and Nipah virus transmission from bats to humans in Asia are described. A study on Malignant Catarrhal Fever transmission from wildebeest to cattle in the Kapiti Plains is also summarized. The presentation concludes that increased contact between wildlife, livestock and humans due to anthropogenic changes is increasing disease risks, and that pathogens may be one step ahead of current prediction capabilities.
Principles of epidemiology
This document provides an introduction to epidemiology, including definitions of key terms, the history and scope of epidemiology, study designs, and methods of measuring disease frequency and distribution in populations. It defines epidemiology as the study of disease patterns in human populations and the application of this study to disease control. The summary discusses the origins of epidemiology in Hippocrates' work and its development through pioneers like John Graunt, William Farr, and John Snow. It also outlines common study designs like cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and how epidemiology is used to describe, analyze, and prevent disease.
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3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
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3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
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Factm malaria 3
- 1. Malaria 3 Public Health, Travel & Expedition Medicine FACTM Pt 1 Tim Inglis Division of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, WA
- 2. Malaria series Malaria 1 Clinical Tropical Medicine Malaria 2 Clinical Parasitology Malaria 3 Public Health, Travel & Expedition Medicine Malaria 4 Clinical Entomology
- 3. Study materials Manual of Travel Medicine & Health. 3rd Edition, Steffen R et al. 2007. Decker. Oxford Handbook of Expedition & Wilderness Medicine Johnson C et al. 2008, Oxford • FACTM study notes • Specialist review articles • Self-assessment questions Blog http://micrognome.priobe.net Web www.priobe.net FACTM http://lifeinthefastlane.com/exams/actm-fellowship/
- 4. Outline • Timeline • Epidemiology • Pre-travel risk assessment & planning • Expedition contingencies journey aftermathpreparation
- 5. Risk atlas • Global distribution • Regional distribution • Australian receptive zone Source = WHO Roll Back malaria Programme; http://www.who.int/entity/health_mapping
- 6. Epidemiology
- 7. Pre-travel preparation • Risk assessment: location, activities, duration, complexity • Personal measures: clothing, repellent, bed nets, activity • Chemoprophylaxis: – options include • Atovaquone/proguanil; Mefloquine; Doxycycline … – Specific issues • Short notice • Pregnant women • Children • Long stay
- 8. Expedition Medicine • Personal measures – Personal protection – Chemoprophylaxis • Group measures – Group prophylaxis – Area control measures – Rapid tests – Antimalarial therapy, SBET • Local people • Medevac arrangements
- 9. On return • May present after interval, up to 1yr after end of journey • Exclude malaria in anyone with fever who has travelled to an endemic area • Detailed history of location, duration & intensity of exposure to biting insects, PPM and CPx used – Thai/Myanmar border area; PNG – Other arthropod borne infections in DD – Indications of resistance – Compliance, esp after arrival in Aus journey aftermathpreparation
- 10. Emerging Issues • Highland malaria • Unusual malaria transmission methods • Malaria & air travel • Changing resistance • Use for portable rapid diagnostic methods • SBET in pregnancy • CPx for long stay • Prep for AUSMAT members