Factm malaria 4
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This document discusses the Anopheles mosquito, the definitive host for Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. It describes the mosquito's life cycle and feeding behaviors, as well as breeding habitats. Several Anopheles species that transmit malaria in various regions are identified. Methods for controlling mosquito populations through larval source reduction, indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated nets, and other public health measures are covered. Emerging issues with changing distributions, insecticide resistance, and climate change that impact malaria transmission are also noted.
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This document provides an overview of medical entomology, which is the study of the relationship between arthropods like insects and arachnids, and their ability to transmit pathogens or parasites that cause disease in humans. It discusses how arthropods can directly cause issues like allergic reactions, annoyance, or myiasis. Additionally, it explains how some arthropods act as vectors, undergoing part of the life cycle of a pathogen and transmitting it between hosts. Knowing the taxonomy, biology and ecology of vectors is important for developing control strategies. As medical professionals, understanding insect-human contact and identifying common vectors can help in treating patients and controlling diseases.
Nemathelminthes review
This document provides information on various nemathelminth parasites. It discusses the diagnostic stages, infective stages, modes of transmission, signs and symptoms of infection, and treatment for several parasites including:
1. Ascaris lumbricoides
2. Hookworms
3. Enterobius vermicularis
4. Trichinella spiralis
5. Trichuris trichiura
6. Capillaria philippinensis
7. Strongyloides stercoralis
8. Wuchereria bancrofti
9. Brugia malayi
10. Onchocerca volvulus
11. Dirofilaria immitis
Generalhealthproblems 140219011807-phpapp01
This document summarizes common health problems affecting sheep and goats, including parasitic, respiratory, hoof, reproductive, and metabolic diseases. It provides details on the causative agents, clinical signs, treatment, and prevention recommendations for many of the major issues farmers may encounter, such as haemonchosis, coccidiosis, footrot, mastitis, pregnancy toxemia, and milk fever. The summary focuses on parasite identification and lifecycles, common respiratory and hoof infections, reproductive challenges including abortion causes, and nutritional metabolic conditions.
loza yimegn.pptx
This document discusses arthropods and common malaria vector species. It provides background on arthropods, noting their segmented bodies and exoskeletons. It then discusses the advantages of arthropods in ecological roles like pollination and decomposition. Four common malaria vector species are described: Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles pharoensis, and Anopheles sergentii. Their life cycles and behaviors are summarized. The document also covers insect behavior and activity, noting how behaviors are influenced by factors like locomotion, feeding, and responses to the environment.
General Health Problems of Sheep/Goats
This document summarizes common health problems affecting sheep and goats. It discusses the most prevalent parasitic, respiratory, hoof, reproductive, and metabolic diseases. For parasites, it describes the life cycles and symptoms of internal nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), trematodes (flukes), and protozoa. It provides treatment and prevention recommendations for each. For other diseases like pneumonia, footrot, abortion, mastitis, and pregnancy toxemia/milk fever, it discusses causes, clinical signs, and management strategies. The document is an extensive overview of the major health challenges sheep and goat producers may face.
me-mosquito-181215074549 (1).pptx
This document discusses medical entomology and the arthropods that can transmit diseases. It covers the classification of arthropods into insects, arachnids and crustaceans. Various arthropod-borne diseases are described such as malaria transmitted by mosquitoes. The morphology and habits of mosquitoes like Anopheles and Culex are explained. Integrated control measures for mosquitoes include environmental control of breeding sites, chemical larvicides and adulticides, and personal protection measures.
Brucellosis
Brucella is a gram-negative, intracellular bacteria that causes brucellosis (undulant fever) in humans and various animal diseases. The disease is transmitted through contact with infected animals or consumption of unpasteurized dairy. Symptoms in humans are non-specific and include fever, weakness, and joint/back pain. Diagnosis involves blood tests and isolation of the bacteria. Treatment consists of a combination of doxycycline and streptomycin or rifampin for several weeks.
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Medical entomology "the need to know about little creatures"
Medical entomology "the need to know about little creatures"
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Ebola Virus Disease outbreak, 2014
An introduction to the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak for educational use, with additional sources for health professionals in need of up-to-date information.
Updated on 7th December, 2014, with additional infographics and WHO data.
Infographics may be requested for professional use on a creative commons/source attribution basis (micrognome.priobe.net). An interactive version will be available for educational use via the Nearpod share site.
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A series of military maps showing events leading up to the Battle of Waterloo, depicting the main stages of the campaign.
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This document summarizes several common bacterial infections that can affect the oral cavity and surrounding structures. It outlines the predisposing factors, microorganisms involved, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management for conditions like caries, dental abscesses, Vincent's angina, Ludwig's angina, osteomyelitis, and bacteraemia. The document provides an overview of these oral infections to serve as an introduction on the topic.
Lww 2010 dili 01
Lab Without Walls conducted a feasibility project in Dili, East Timor in 2010. The document summarizes the project. East Timor has limited employment opportunities and faces serious health issues like tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. These diseases are preventable but accurate lab-based data is needed. The project aims to help East Timor eliminate preventable infections within a generation by providing advanced clinical lab methods, training, and technical support to local organizations. Lab Without Walls works with various groups in East Timor and Australia to support public health in East Timor.
Factm malaria 2
This document provides an overview of malaria parasites and their life cycles, as well as methods for diagnosing malaria. It discusses the key stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium, including the asexual and sexual cycles that take place in humans and mosquitos. It outlines the recommended investigations for diagnosing malaria, including blood film analysis using thick and thin films to detect parasites, determine species and count parasite levels. Rapid antigen tests can also be used as a supplementary method, particularly for detecting Plasmodium falciparum. The document describes the morphological features of different Plasmodium species that can help with identification in blood films.
Factm malaria 1
This document provides an overview of malaria, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. It describes the classical fever pattern associated with malaria and criteria for severe malaria. Key investigations include blood films and rapid tests to detect the parasite and determine the Plasmodium species. The World Health Organization recommends artemisinin-based combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria and artesunate for severe cases. Proper patient management involves addressing hypoglycemia, seizures, anemia, and other complications. Emerging issues discussed include drug resistance, new combination therapies, and treatment in special populations.
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This document discusses malaria from a public health and travel medicine perspective. It provides an overview of the global and regional epidemiology of malaria, outlines considerations for pre-travel risk assessment and prevention strategies like chemoprophylaxis. It also discusses expedition medicine contingencies such as rapid diagnostic tests, antimalarial therapy and medical evacuation plans. The document stresses the importance of considering malaria in returned travelers presenting with fever who have visited endemic areas, as well as emerging issues related to changing patterns of malaria transmission and drug resistance.
Factm malaria 3
This document discusses malaria from a public health and travel medicine perspective. It provides an overview of the global and regional epidemiology of malaria, outlines considerations for pre-travel risk assessment and prevention strategies like chemoprophylaxis. It also discusses expedition medicine contingencies such as rapid diagnostic tests, antimalarial therapy and medical evacuation plans. The document stresses the importance of considering malaria in returned travelers presenting with fever who have visited endemic areas, as disease can present up to one year after travel. Emerging issues discussed include highland malaria, changing drug resistance patterns and the role of new diagnostic technologies.
Factm malaria 2
This document provides an overview of malaria parasites and their life cycles, as well as methods for diagnosing malaria. It discusses the key stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium, including the asexual and sexual cycles that take place in humans and mosquitos. It outlines the recommended investigations for diagnosing malaria, including blood film analysis using thick and thin methods to detect parasites, determine species and count parasite levels. Rapid antigen tests can also be used as supplements to blood films to detect Plasmodium falciparum specifically. The document describes how to recognize different Plasmodium species based on their appearances in blood films.
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This document provides an overview of malaria, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. It describes the classical fever pattern associated with malaria and criteria for severe malaria. Key investigations include blood films and rapid tests to detect the parasite and determine the Plasmodium species. The World Health Organization recommends artemisinin-based combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria and artesunate for severe cases. Proper patient management involves addressing hypoglycemia, seizures, anemia, and other complications. Emerging issues discussed include drug resistance, new combination therapies, and treatment in special populations.
Factm malaria 4
This document discusses the Anopheles mosquito, the definitive host for Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. It describes the mosquito's life cycle and feeding behaviors, as well as breeding habitats. Several Anopheles species that transmit malaria in various regions are identified. Methods for controlling mosquito populations through larval source reduction, indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated nets are covered, along with emerging issues in malaria transmission and control.
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Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
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7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
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Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
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Factm malaria 4
- 1. Malaria 4 Clinical Entomology FACTM Pt 1 Tim Inglis Division of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, WA
- 2. Malaria series Malaria 1 Clinical Tropical Medicine Malaria 2 Clinical Parasitology Malaria 3 Public Health, Travel & Expedition Medicine Malaria 4 Clinical Entomology
- 3. Study materials Medical Entomology for Students. M Service. 4th edn. CUP, 2008. ISBN 13: 9780521709286 • Recommended bookshelf • FACTM study notes • Specialist review articles • Self-assessment questions Blog http://micrognome.priobe.net Web www.priobe.net FACTM http://lifeinthefastlane.com/exams/actm-fellowship/
- 4. Summary Anopheles – Mosquito – 30 important spp, of around 475 – Definitive host – Plasmodium spp sporogony – Life cycle: multiple stages, fastest in tropics, susceptible to environmental change, opportunities for disease control – Other diseases: filariasis, some arbovirus infections The Anopheles mosquito is a self-propagating, self-propelled syringe armed to the teeth with malaria parasites.
- 7. Anopheles features adult: biting angle egg: air floats larva: palmate hairs, no siphon pupa: spines adult wing: wing scales adult head: long palps
- 8. Anopheles biting behaviour • Sporozoite rate • maximum = 1-5% • circa 5-10 per bite • Dusk to dawn (crepuscular, nocturnal) • Human or other animal (anthropophagic, zoophagic) • Inside or outside (endophagic, exophagic) • Resting outdoors or indoors (exophilic, endophilic)
- 9. Anopheles breeding • Amplification in stages: – Egg – Larval instars – Pupa, – adult • Eggs intolerant of desiccation • Clean water, generally permanent, only small amounts needed • Larvae sensitive to shadow & movement • Faster breeding at higher temperatures
- 10. Anopheles species • Australia: An farauti, An koliensis, An punctulatus • Southeast Asia: An aconitus, An anthropophagus, An balabacensis, An campestris, An culicifacies, An dirus, An donaldi, An flavirostris, An fluviatilis, An letifer, An leucosphyrus, An maculatus, An mimicus, An nigerimus, An sinensis, An sundiacus
- 11. Control measures • Personal: behaviour, clothing, repellent, bed nets • Public health: – Larval control • Drainage • Petroleum oil, Paris Green • Pyriproxifen • Bacillus thuringiensis • Mosquito fish – Adult control • Residual house spray: DDT, organophosphorus insecticides • Nets: ITNs, LLINs
- 12. Emerging issues • Changing distribution • Insecticide resistance • Wetlands • Climate change • Use of DDT • DDT alternatives
- 13. Malaria series Malaria 1 Clinical Tropical Medicine Malaria 2 Clinical Parasitology Malaria 3 Public Health, Travel & Expedition Medicine Malaria 4 Clinical Entomology The Anopheles mosquito is a self-propagating, self-propelled syringe armed to the teeth with malaria parasites.