This document is a letter informing several authors that their paper titled "Respiratory Virus Pattern Of Diffusion: Size Influence" has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. The letter thanks the authors for submitting their article and believes the collaboration will help accelerate global knowledge sharing. It provides contact information for the journal's managing editor and publisher.
Competition genomic medicine presentationResearchsio
Prepared By Roman Sharkar and Mir Tasfiq Alam. Both of them are students of the B.Pharm Program in Bangladesh. They prepared this ppt file from their choice of interest which is Genomic Medicine. Hope this will handly to the others who are interested in this topic !!
ASCB annual meeting 2014 -Emil Lou - presentation at Subgroup V session on "...Emil Lou, M.D., Ph.D, FACP
This research was presented by Dr. Emil Lou as part of the Special Interest Subgroup V presentation entitled “Tunneling Nanotubes, Cytonemes, and More: Highways for Cell-to-Cell Communication from Development to Disease,” Saturday, December 6, 2014, at the 2014 ASCB/IFCB Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The session was nicely summarized in a write-up by the team at Journal of Cell Biology:
http://jcb-biowrites.rupress.org/2014/12/ascb-2014-making-the-connection-between-cytonemes-and-tunneling-nanotubes.html
Competition genomic medicine presentationResearchsio
Prepared By Roman Sharkar and Mir Tasfiq Alam. Both of them are students of the B.Pharm Program in Bangladesh. They prepared this ppt file from their choice of interest which is Genomic Medicine. Hope this will handly to the others who are interested in this topic !!
ASCB annual meeting 2014 -Emil Lou - presentation at Subgroup V session on "...Emil Lou, M.D., Ph.D, FACP
This research was presented by Dr. Emil Lou as part of the Special Interest Subgroup V presentation entitled “Tunneling Nanotubes, Cytonemes, and More: Highways for Cell-to-Cell Communication from Development to Disease,” Saturday, December 6, 2014, at the 2014 ASCB/IFCB Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The session was nicely summarized in a write-up by the team at Journal of Cell Biology:
http://jcb-biowrites.rupress.org/2014/12/ascb-2014-making-the-connection-between-cytonemes-and-tunneling-nanotubes.html
Introduction to Robert F. Kennedy Jr. book available on Amazon. https://amzn.to/365aF8V
I created this PDF file of the intro to his book to give people a good idea what the book is about. I had no idea what I was getting into when I got the book. No people or person should be given as much power as Fauci, big pharma and big tech has.
Many thanks to Robert F Kennedy Jr for the time and effort he spent putting this together for the world to read.
The liver serves as an epicentre and paramount determinant of the health status of an individual. Due to the key role played by the liver in the sustenance of life, it is important to research into substances which can help to protect the liver from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a metabolic disorder associated with the accumulation of fat in the liver. NAFLD is also linked to obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. Data from Public Health England states that 61.7% of the UK population are obese. The NHS also states that 5% of the UK population are in the early stages of NAFLD. Furthermore, NAFLD has been found to be prevalent in the general population of North America (34%) and other developed countries such as China (15%).
My PhD research aimed at investigating the bioactivity of four Gentian plant species – Gentiana lutea, Gentiana macrophylla, Gentiana scabra and Gentiana rigescens – against NAFLD. The roots of Gentiana lutea were used in 180 BC as a tonic, listed in the British Pharmacopoeia as Gentian BP and also used as the principal plant species in a Chinese folkloric proprietary blend called Longdan Xiegan Tang (a liver tonic). The Chinese Materia Medica reports that Gentian causes a reduction in jaundice while promoting gall-bladder function. I aimed to determine whether or not Gentian conferred protection to the liver from the effects of fatty acids when liver cells were pre-treated with Gentian before fatty acid exposure and determine the active compounds responsible for this protection.
The results showed that the active compounds in Gentian helped to minimise the effects of fatty acids on the liver by over 70%. This research can be applied in producing wellness products which can be taken to protect the liver from the harmful effects of fat and enhance its function.
Handbook of Andrology
Contents
PREFACE
B. Robaire and P. Chan
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
FOREWORD
P. Troen
1. What are the components of the male reproductive system?
CNS, pituitary, testis, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles, scrotum,
penis
K.P. Roberts
2. What is the relationship among the various endocrine components
of the male reproductive system?
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis, feedback loops
R. Swerdloff
3. How are communication signals read in the male reproductive
system?
Receptors for gonadotropins and androgens
I. Huhtaniemi
4. What compounds mediate communication within the testis? Where
and how are male-associated hormones produced?
Integration of the hypothalamus, pituitary and testis
B.R. Zirkin
5. How is the synthesis of testosterone regulated?
V. Papadopoulos
6. How are germ cells produced and what factors control their
production?
M. Nagano
7. What unique chromosomal events lead to the formation of a
haploid male germ cell?
M.A. Handel
8. How is the production Hormonal regulation and FSH
R.I. McLachlan
9. Are there epigenetic formation? What is cells?
Imprinting, DNA methylation
J.M. Trasler
10. What does the epididymis B.T. Hinton
11. What is the prostate G.S. Prins
12. How does semen analysis status of the male?
C. Wang
13. How is sperm chromatin doing such assessments?
Range of methods B. Robaire
14. What is sperm banking? in humans? Animals?
Sperm banking, consequences practice
S.A. Rothmann
15. How does the sperm fertilization take place?
Capacitation, acrosome egg activation
J.P. Evans and J.16. What determines maleness?
Sex determination, phenotype
D.W. Silversides and
XI
system?
vesicles, scrotum,
endocrine components
loops
reproductive
the testis? Where
control their
formation of a
8. How is the production of spermatozoa regulated?
Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis: role of androgens
and FSH
R.I. McLachlan
9. Are there epigenetic events associated with male germ cell
formation? What is the role of genomic imprinting in male germ
cells?
Imprinting, DNA methylation
J.M. Trasler
10. What does the epididymis do and how does it do it?
B.T. Hinton
11. What is the prostate and what are its functions?
G.S. Prins
12. How does semen analysis assist in understanding the reproductive
status of the male?
C. Wang
13. How is sperm chromatin structure assessed? What is the value of
doing such assessments?
Range of methods that assess sperm chromatin quality
B. Robaire
14. What is sperm banking? When and how is it (or should it be) used
in humans? Animals?
Sperm banking, consequences of its use in animal and clinical
practice
S.A. Rothmann
15. How does the sperm make its way to the egg and how does
fertilization take place?
Capacitation, acrosome exocytosis, steps of sperm-egg interaction,
egg activation
J.P. Evans and J.L. Bailey
16. What determines maleness?
Sex determination, testis formation and the development of the male
phenotype
1st International Conference Models of Human Diseases oral presentations abstracts feature recent findings in development or emplyment of various models of diseases to advance biomedical research.
Foresight in medicine: research induced society changes in the next decadeCaroline McClain
The 2013 symposium hosts a debate among scientists, doctors, policy makers and epistemologists aimed at identifying forthcoming medical research developments likely to impact on society in the next ten years.
Personalized (or precision) medicine is the changing paradigm and will reshape service contents and delivery modalities. The main clinical areas where major progress is expected are cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, rare diseases, dysmetabolic and endocrine system related diseases.
Progress in imaging, the application of nanotechnologies, the use of robotics, wired environments and telematics, portable devices, stem cells and new materials will make personalized medicine feasible and affordable. At the same time, epigenetics, pharmacogenomics, synthetic biology will contribute extensively to change further
medicine and its social aspects, and will need to be regulated by a new bioethical approach.
In collaboration with Georgetown University Italian Research Institute and ISSNAF.
As part of "Anno Della Cultura Italiana" or Year of Italian Culture in the U.S.
Call Brocher Summer Academy on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues in ARTFondation Brocher
The Brocher Summer Academy brings together distinguished professors
from different disciplines and countries and highly promising researchers
willing to acquire a strong background on a ELSI in ART. It gives the
participants a rare opportunity to meet personally and exchange ideas
with many established international professors in an intimate and
collegiate atmosphere.
The sessions take place at the Brocher Centre in Geneva, Switzerland in
an amazing and peaceful environment on the shore of the Lake of
Geneva.
International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research (www.ijlssr.com) is a bi-monthly published online, which publishes innovative research papers related Biotechnology, Genetics, Molecular biology, Immunology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cell Biology, Veterinary sciences, Biostatistics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, Environmental sciences, Nanosciences & Nanotechnology, Agricultural sciences, Medical Sciences, and other allied science fields. The Journal welcomes the original research articles, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes.
IJLSSR is a board ranging open access journal. It gives full text availability of articles in PDF format only. With the facility of fast online manuscript submission and Email alert updates we gives rapid publication and high visibility. We started with a Mission to encourage contribution to Research in Sciences and Technology for achieving better future lives for all. We serve science and mankind at the highest levels of professional Ethical Conduct.
The current pandemic shows us what happens if pathogens become easily transmissible from human to human, even if the mortality rate of a virus is relatively low. In view of this fact, it is almost unbelievable that since more than ten years, highly risky “gain-of-function” experiments are being conducted in various research labs where dangerous pathogens, such as avian influenza viruses and SARS-type viruses, are being adapted to human cells so that they ultimately become dangerous, i.e. potentially pandemic pathogens. Such experiments are ongoing – even with much more dangerous types of viruses – and, at least partially funded by taxpayers’ money. It is the responsibility of scientists worldwide to raise awareness about these huge risks among politicians and among the general public. A group of 50 scientists from different scientific disciplines and from various countries in Europa, America, Asia, Australia and New Zealand have drafted and signed the „Hamburg Declaration 2022“ with the goal of a worldwide ban of „gain-of-function” research with potentially pandemic pathogens as well as its supervision and continuous monitoring by an independent international regulatory agency. This Declaration follows the spirit of the “Göttinger Declaration of 1957” devoted to the threat by nuclear weapons
Introduction to Robert F. Kennedy Jr. book available on Amazon. https://amzn.to/365aF8V
I created this PDF file of the intro to his book to give people a good idea what the book is about. I had no idea what I was getting into when I got the book. No people or person should be given as much power as Fauci, big pharma and big tech has.
Many thanks to Robert F Kennedy Jr for the time and effort he spent putting this together for the world to read.
The liver serves as an epicentre and paramount determinant of the health status of an individual. Due to the key role played by the liver in the sustenance of life, it is important to research into substances which can help to protect the liver from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a metabolic disorder associated with the accumulation of fat in the liver. NAFLD is also linked to obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. Data from Public Health England states that 61.7% of the UK population are obese. The NHS also states that 5% of the UK population are in the early stages of NAFLD. Furthermore, NAFLD has been found to be prevalent in the general population of North America (34%) and other developed countries such as China (15%).
My PhD research aimed at investigating the bioactivity of four Gentian plant species – Gentiana lutea, Gentiana macrophylla, Gentiana scabra and Gentiana rigescens – against NAFLD. The roots of Gentiana lutea were used in 180 BC as a tonic, listed in the British Pharmacopoeia as Gentian BP and also used as the principal plant species in a Chinese folkloric proprietary blend called Longdan Xiegan Tang (a liver tonic). The Chinese Materia Medica reports that Gentian causes a reduction in jaundice while promoting gall-bladder function. I aimed to determine whether or not Gentian conferred protection to the liver from the effects of fatty acids when liver cells were pre-treated with Gentian before fatty acid exposure and determine the active compounds responsible for this protection.
The results showed that the active compounds in Gentian helped to minimise the effects of fatty acids on the liver by over 70%. This research can be applied in producing wellness products which can be taken to protect the liver from the harmful effects of fat and enhance its function.
Handbook of Andrology
Contents
PREFACE
B. Robaire and P. Chan
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
FOREWORD
P. Troen
1. What are the components of the male reproductive system?
CNS, pituitary, testis, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles, scrotum,
penis
K.P. Roberts
2. What is the relationship among the various endocrine components
of the male reproductive system?
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis, feedback loops
R. Swerdloff
3. How are communication signals read in the male reproductive
system?
Receptors for gonadotropins and androgens
I. Huhtaniemi
4. What compounds mediate communication within the testis? Where
and how are male-associated hormones produced?
Integration of the hypothalamus, pituitary and testis
B.R. Zirkin
5. How is the synthesis of testosterone regulated?
V. Papadopoulos
6. How are germ cells produced and what factors control their
production?
M. Nagano
7. What unique chromosomal events lead to the formation of a
haploid male germ cell?
M.A. Handel
8. How is the production Hormonal regulation and FSH
R.I. McLachlan
9. Are there epigenetic formation? What is cells?
Imprinting, DNA methylation
J.M. Trasler
10. What does the epididymis B.T. Hinton
11. What is the prostate G.S. Prins
12. How does semen analysis status of the male?
C. Wang
13. How is sperm chromatin doing such assessments?
Range of methods B. Robaire
14. What is sperm banking? in humans? Animals?
Sperm banking, consequences practice
S.A. Rothmann
15. How does the sperm fertilization take place?
Capacitation, acrosome egg activation
J.P. Evans and J.16. What determines maleness?
Sex determination, phenotype
D.W. Silversides and
XI
system?
vesicles, scrotum,
endocrine components
loops
reproductive
the testis? Where
control their
formation of a
8. How is the production of spermatozoa regulated?
Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis: role of androgens
and FSH
R.I. McLachlan
9. Are there epigenetic events associated with male germ cell
formation? What is the role of genomic imprinting in male germ
cells?
Imprinting, DNA methylation
J.M. Trasler
10. What does the epididymis do and how does it do it?
B.T. Hinton
11. What is the prostate and what are its functions?
G.S. Prins
12. How does semen analysis assist in understanding the reproductive
status of the male?
C. Wang
13. How is sperm chromatin structure assessed? What is the value of
doing such assessments?
Range of methods that assess sperm chromatin quality
B. Robaire
14. What is sperm banking? When and how is it (or should it be) used
in humans? Animals?
Sperm banking, consequences of its use in animal and clinical
practice
S.A. Rothmann
15. How does the sperm make its way to the egg and how does
fertilization take place?
Capacitation, acrosome exocytosis, steps of sperm-egg interaction,
egg activation
J.P. Evans and J.L. Bailey
16. What determines maleness?
Sex determination, testis formation and the development of the male
phenotype
1st International Conference Models of Human Diseases oral presentations abstracts feature recent findings in development or emplyment of various models of diseases to advance biomedical research.
Foresight in medicine: research induced society changes in the next decadeCaroline McClain
The 2013 symposium hosts a debate among scientists, doctors, policy makers and epistemologists aimed at identifying forthcoming medical research developments likely to impact on society in the next ten years.
Personalized (or precision) medicine is the changing paradigm and will reshape service contents and delivery modalities. The main clinical areas where major progress is expected are cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, rare diseases, dysmetabolic and endocrine system related diseases.
Progress in imaging, the application of nanotechnologies, the use of robotics, wired environments and telematics, portable devices, stem cells and new materials will make personalized medicine feasible and affordable. At the same time, epigenetics, pharmacogenomics, synthetic biology will contribute extensively to change further
medicine and its social aspects, and will need to be regulated by a new bioethical approach.
In collaboration with Georgetown University Italian Research Institute and ISSNAF.
As part of "Anno Della Cultura Italiana" or Year of Italian Culture in the U.S.
Call Brocher Summer Academy on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues in ARTFondation Brocher
The Brocher Summer Academy brings together distinguished professors
from different disciplines and countries and highly promising researchers
willing to acquire a strong background on a ELSI in ART. It gives the
participants a rare opportunity to meet personally and exchange ideas
with many established international professors in an intimate and
collegiate atmosphere.
The sessions take place at the Brocher Centre in Geneva, Switzerland in
an amazing and peaceful environment on the shore of the Lake of
Geneva.
International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research (www.ijlssr.com) is a bi-monthly published online, which publishes innovative research papers related Biotechnology, Genetics, Molecular biology, Immunology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cell Biology, Veterinary sciences, Biostatistics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, Environmental sciences, Nanosciences & Nanotechnology, Agricultural sciences, Medical Sciences, and other allied science fields. The Journal welcomes the original research articles, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes.
IJLSSR is a board ranging open access journal. It gives full text availability of articles in PDF format only. With the facility of fast online manuscript submission and Email alert updates we gives rapid publication and high visibility. We started with a Mission to encourage contribution to Research in Sciences and Technology for achieving better future lives for all. We serve science and mankind at the highest levels of professional Ethical Conduct.
The current pandemic shows us what happens if pathogens become easily transmissible from human to human, even if the mortality rate of a virus is relatively low. In view of this fact, it is almost unbelievable that since more than ten years, highly risky “gain-of-function” experiments are being conducted in various research labs where dangerous pathogens, such as avian influenza viruses and SARS-type viruses, are being adapted to human cells so that they ultimately become dangerous, i.e. potentially pandemic pathogens. Such experiments are ongoing – even with much more dangerous types of viruses – and, at least partially funded by taxpayers’ money. It is the responsibility of scientists worldwide to raise awareness about these huge risks among politicians and among the general public. A group of 50 scientists from different scientific disciplines and from various countries in Europa, America, Asia, Australia and New Zealand have drafted and signed the „Hamburg Declaration 2022“ with the goal of a worldwide ban of „gain-of-function” research with potentially pandemic pathogens as well as its supervision and continuous monitoring by an independent international regulatory agency. This Declaration follows the spirit of the “Göttinger Declaration of 1957” devoted to the threat by nuclear weapons
AMR Think-Do-Tank, Geneva international, regroups more than 50 international experts from US, China, India, Japan, France, and many other countries. All members have an international, demonstrated expertise in their field, allowing AMR Think-do-tank to take actions across many areas of expertise. Our group is coordinated by core team members composed of academics, NGO leaders, and health experts (former WHO, UN,...).
Textbook of Medical Physiology by Guyton and Hall.pdfJameel221
Known for its clear presentation style, single-author voice, and focus on content most relevant to clinical and pre-clinical students, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition, employs a distinctive format to ensure maximum learning and retention of complex concepts.
Journal of Case Reports and Studies (JCRS) is an open access, peer reviewed online journal which aims to publish original case report in all the disciplines. It provides access to most valuable and exciting reports mainly related to medicine and other fields. All submitted articles are peer reviewed and published under the guidance of our EB. JCRS maintains the quality by publishing research papers that have significance in the field of case reports.
GRAY MATTERS Integrative Approaches for Neuroscience, Ethics, and SocietyKarlos Svoboda
The Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (Bioethics Commission) is an advisory panel of the nation’s leaders in medicine, science, ethics, religion, law, and engineering. The Bioethics Commission advises the President on bioethical issues arising from advances in biomedicine and related areas of science and technology. The Bioethics Commission seeks to identify and promote policies and practices that ensure scientific research, health care delivery, and technological innovation are conducted in a socially and ethically responsible manner. For more information about the Bioethics Commission, please see http://www. bioethics.gov.
Similar to Jhss acceptance letter correct respiratory virus pattern of diffusion size influence (20)
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...
Jhss acceptance letter correct respiratory virus pattern of diffusion size influence
1. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Andrews
Managing Editor
Journal of
Humanities and Social Sciences
(ISSN: 2690 - 0688).
Overland Park, KS
USA
Date: Nov 05, 2020
Mauro Luisetto,
Ima Academy Marijnskaja Natural Science Branch Italy 29121.
Naseer Almukthar,
Naseer Almukthar, Professor, Department of Physiology /College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Iraq
Tarro Giulio,
Prof. Giulio Tarro Primario emerito dell’Azienda Ospedaliera “D.
Cotugno”,Napoli Chairman della Commissione sulle Biotecnologie della Virosfera, WABT
Behzad Nili Ahmadabadi4,
UNESCO, Parigi, Rector of the University Thomas More U.P.T.M.,
Rome Presidente della Fondazione de Beaumont Bonelli per lericerche sul cancro -ONLUS, Napoli
Ahmed Yesvi Rafa,
Ahmed Yesvi Rafa , Founder and President, Yugen Research
Organization; Undergraduate Student, Western Michigan University, MI, USA 49008
Ghulam Rasool Mashori,
Ghulam Rasool Mashori Professor and head dep. Pharmacology
,Medical & Health Sciences for Woman, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women,Pakistan
Tuweh Prince Gadama,
Tuweh Prince GADAMA the great, Professor, Cypress University Malawi.
Oleg Yurievich Latyshev,
Oleg Yurievich Latyshev IMA academy president
Article Acceptance Letter
It’s my pleasure to inform you that, after the peer review, your paper, “Respiratory Virus Pattern Of Diffusion
: Size Influence” has been ACCEPTED to be published in Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (2690 -
0688). Thank you for submitting your article to the Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (2690 - 0688). I
believe that our collaboration will help to accelerate the global knowledge creation and sharing one step further.
Thanks and Regards
To
Opast Group LLC
Phone: + 913-353-9807
Mail ID: opast.jcei@gmail.com
Website: https://opastonline.com/journal/journal-of-humanities-social-sciences
