Facial nerve and palsy
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The facial nerve emerges from the brainstem and has both motor and sensory functions. It innervates the muscles of facial expression and provides parasympathetic innervation to glands. Facial paralysis can result from lesions to the facial nerve. Bell's palsy is the most common cause of unilateral facial paralysis and usually resolves over time with treatment like corticosteroids. Grading systems like the House-Brackmann scale are used to assess facial nerve function.
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Facial nerve
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that controls muscles of facial expression and sensation. It has motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components. The motor component innervates muscles of the face and head. The sensory component conveys taste from the tongue and sensation from the ear. The parasympathetic component regulates salivary and tear glands. Examination of the facial nerve tests motor function by asking the patient to move facial muscles, sensory function by testing taste and ear sensation, and secretory function by measuring tear and saliva levels.
Clinical anatomy of facial nerve and facial nerve palsy
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that originates in the brainstem and has motor, sensory, and parasympathetic functions. It has several segments as it exits the brainstem and travels through the skull and internal auditory canal before exiting behind the ear. It gives off several branches and terminates in branches that innervate the muscles of facial expression. Facial nerve palsy can result from various causes like Bell's palsy, trauma, infection, tumors, or iatrogenic injuries. Clinical assessment and electrical tests can localize the site of injury which guides management including medications, physical therapy, or surgical interventions like decompression or repair.
Facial nerve palsy
This document discusses facial nerve palsy, also known as Bell's palsy. It begins by describing the facial nerve and the muscles it innervates. Facial nerve palsy is characterized by partial or complete loss of function of the facial nerve. The document then covers the causes, types (upper vs lower motor neuron), clinical features, investigations, and management of facial nerve palsy. Both non-surgical and surgical treatment options are described to restore facial symmetry and functions like eye closure and oral competence.
FACIAL NERVE
The facial nerve has three nuclei and contains approximately 10,000 fibers. It exits the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction and travels through the internal acoustic meatus and fallopian canal. It has motor, parasympathetic, and sensory functions. Facial nerve palsy can result from various causes such as Bell's palsy, tumors, fractures, or inflammation. Diagnosis involves evaluating for signs of upper vs. lower motor neuron involvement. Treatment depends on the cause but may include corticosteroids, antivirals, or decompression surgery.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial nerve) has five functional components: 1) It carries sensory fibers for taste from the posterior third of the tongue; 2) It carries general sensory fibers for structures like the pharynx and tonsils; 3) It carries sensory fibers for the external ear; 4) It carries motor fibers to control the stylopharyngeus muscle; 5) It carries parasympathetic fibers to control the parotid gland. The nuclei that control these functions include the nucleus ambiguus, nucleus salivatorius inferior, nucleus solitarius, and nucleus spinalis of the trigeminal nerve.
Facial nerve
The document discusses the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) in three sentences:
It originates in the brainstem and is a mixed nerve that controls facial muscle movement and taste sensation. It exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and gives off several branches as it passes through the parotid gland to innervate facial muscles. Disorders of the facial nerve can occur from various causes such as trauma, infections like Bell's palsy, or tumors and result in paralysis of the muscles on the same side of the face.
Facial nerve
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that arises from nuclei in the brainstem and controls muscles of facial expression. It has both motor and sensory functions. Clinically, facial nerve disorders can result in facial paralysis and loss of taste sensation on the anterior tongue. Evaluation involves physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing to localize the lesion. Bell's palsy is the most common cause of acute facial paralysis and typically resolves on its own, while Ramsay Hunt syndrome causes paralysis along with ear symptoms from varicella zoster virus reactivation.
Facial Nerve Paralysis
Facial nerve palsies and their differential diagnosis
References - Harrisons, Davidsons, ENT text of Dhingra, Internet and Slide share.
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Facial nerve
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that controls muscles of facial expression and sensation. It has motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components. The motor component innervates muscles of the face and head. The sensory component conveys taste from the tongue and sensation from the ear. The parasympathetic component regulates salivary and tear glands. Examination of the facial nerve tests motor function by asking the patient to move facial muscles, sensory function by testing taste and ear sensation, and secretory function by measuring tear and saliva levels.
Clinical anatomy of facial nerve and facial nerve palsy
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that originates in the brainstem and has motor, sensory, and parasympathetic functions. It has several segments as it exits the brainstem and travels through the skull and internal auditory canal before exiting behind the ear. It gives off several branches and terminates in branches that innervate the muscles of facial expression. Facial nerve palsy can result from various causes like Bell's palsy, trauma, infection, tumors, or iatrogenic injuries. Clinical assessment and electrical tests can localize the site of injury which guides management including medications, physical therapy, or surgical interventions like decompression or repair.
Facial nerve palsy
This document discusses facial nerve palsy, also known as Bell's palsy. It begins by describing the facial nerve and the muscles it innervates. Facial nerve palsy is characterized by partial or complete loss of function of the facial nerve. The document then covers the causes, types (upper vs lower motor neuron), clinical features, investigations, and management of facial nerve palsy. Both non-surgical and surgical treatment options are described to restore facial symmetry and functions like eye closure and oral competence.
FACIAL NERVE
The facial nerve has three nuclei and contains approximately 10,000 fibers. It exits the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction and travels through the internal acoustic meatus and fallopian canal. It has motor, parasympathetic, and sensory functions. Facial nerve palsy can result from various causes such as Bell's palsy, tumors, fractures, or inflammation. Diagnosis involves evaluating for signs of upper vs. lower motor neuron involvement. Treatment depends on the cause but may include corticosteroids, antivirals, or decompression surgery.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial nerve) has five functional components: 1) It carries sensory fibers for taste from the posterior third of the tongue; 2) It carries general sensory fibers for structures like the pharynx and tonsils; 3) It carries sensory fibers for the external ear; 4) It carries motor fibers to control the stylopharyngeus muscle; 5) It carries parasympathetic fibers to control the parotid gland. The nuclei that control these functions include the nucleus ambiguus, nucleus salivatorius inferior, nucleus solitarius, and nucleus spinalis of the trigeminal nerve.
Facial nerve
The document discusses the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) in three sentences:
It originates in the brainstem and is a mixed nerve that controls facial muscle movement and taste sensation. It exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and gives off several branches as it passes through the parotid gland to innervate facial muscles. Disorders of the facial nerve can occur from various causes such as trauma, infections like Bell's palsy, or tumors and result in paralysis of the muscles on the same side of the face.
Facial nerve
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that arises from nuclei in the brainstem and controls muscles of facial expression. It has both motor and sensory functions. Clinically, facial nerve disorders can result in facial paralysis and loss of taste sensation on the anterior tongue. Evaluation involves physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing to localize the lesion. Bell's palsy is the most common cause of acute facial paralysis and typically resolves on its own, while Ramsay Hunt syndrome causes paralysis along with ear symptoms from varicella zoster virus reactivation.
Facial Nerve Paralysis
Facial nerve palsies and their differential diagnosis
References - Harrisons, Davidsons, ENT text of Dhingra, Internet and Slide share.
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Facial nerve
This document provides an overview of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It begins with definitions of nerves and nerve conduction. It then discusses the classification of the nervous system and provides an introduction to the facial nerve. The remainder of the document details the embryology, nuclei of origin, functional components, course, branches and distribution, ganglia, blood supply, surgical anatomy, applied aspects, and conclusion of the facial nerve. It provides diagrams and explanations of these various aspects of the facial nerve's anatomy and function.
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Facial nerve
The document discusses the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), including its anatomy and function. It has both sensory and motor components. The motor root innervates the muscles of facial expression, while the sensory root (nervus intermedius) carries preganglionic fibers for lacrimation, salivation, and taste. The facial nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and gives off branches in the parotid gland to innervate the face. Common injuries include Bell's palsy which causes paralysis of the lower half of the ipsilateral face.
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The document provides information on facial palsy/paralysis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It discusses how facial palsy can result from various congenital, traumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders. Diagnostic tests are described that evaluate different branches of the facial nerve, such as the Schirmer test for the lacrimal branch. Management includes medical approaches like corticosteroids as well as surgical options when needed like nerve decompression or microsurgery. Prognosis depends on factors like results from electrophysiological tests measured within the first weeks.
(18)hypoglossal nerve
The hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. It emerges from the medulla oblongata between the pyramid and olive and exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein. Damage to the hypoglossal nerve in the neck would cause the tongue to deviate to the side of the lesion on protrusion due to paralysis of the muscles on that side.
Facial nerve
The facial nerve is the 7th cranial nerve with motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers. It originates from 3 nuclei and has an intracranial and extracranial course through the facial canal and parotid gland. It gives off several branches including the chorda tympani, posterior auricular nerve, and 5 branches on the face. It is associated with 3 ganglia and is tested by movements of the forehead, eye closing, and cheek puffing. Injury can occur at different points along its course, causing varying degrees of motor and sensory deficits depending on the location of injury. Care must be taken during surgeries in the parotid and temporal regions to avoid damaging its branches.
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Glossopharyngeal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth cranial nerve. It exits the brainstem between the olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle, passing through the jugular foramen. It has both sensory and motor functions, including taste sensation from the posterior tongue, sensation from the pharynx and middle ear, and motor innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle. It also provides parasympathetic input to the parotid gland. Damage can cause loss of taste, swallowing issues, and impaired gag reflex.
FACIAL NERVE ANATOMY
The facial nerve has both sensory and motor components. It has nuclei in the pons that control muscles of facial expression, lacrimal and salivary glands, and taste sensation on the anterior tongue. The facial nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and divides into branches that innervate muscles of the face, scalp and neck including the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris. It also communicates with adjacent cranial and spinal nerves to coordinate movements between branchial arches.
Glossopharyngeal (cn ix) and vagus (
The document discusses the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X) nerves. It covers their anatomy, functions, and clinical assessment. The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the pharynx and posterior tongue. The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve, innervating muscles of the pharynx and larynx, and the heart and gastrointestinal tract via parasympathetic fibers. Clinical examination focuses on motor function of soft palate, larynx, and reflexes. Lesions are localized based on involved structures and associated deficits in other cranial nerves.
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This lecture discussed the following topics:
1. Corticospinal tract
2. Other important descending tracts
3. Description of upper and lower motor neurons
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1.facial nerve
The facial nerve (CN VII) is responsible for facial muscle movement and taste. It originates in the brainstem and travels through the facial canal in the temporal bone. The main branches innervate the muscles of facial expression. Facial paralysis can occur from lesions at different levels and have varying clinical presentations. Bell's palsy is an idiopathic acute facial paralysis that usually resolves over time with treatment. Evaluation and management depends on the severity and cause of injury.
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Anatomy of facial nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve that emerges from the brainstem and supplies motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression. It has three parts - a motor root, an intermedius nerve that carries taste and parasympathetic fibers, and branches that innervate the muscles of the face and neck. The facial nerve travels through the internal acoustic meatus, has three segments within the facial canal, and exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen before branching within the parotid gland and terminating on individual facial muscles.
Olfactory nerve
The olfactory nerve (CN I) is the first and shortest cranial nerve. It transmits smell information from olfactory receptor cells in the nasal epithelium to the olfactory bulb. Axons from the receptor cells penetrate the cribriform plate and synapse with mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Second order neurons in the olfactory tract carry signals to the primary olfactory cortex, involved in memory and appreciation of smells. The olfactory nerve is unique as a special sensory nerve that detects odors.
Facial nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve that controls facial expressions and innervates muscles of the face, neck and head. It originates from nuclei in the pons and has both motor and sensory components. The nerve travels through the internal acoustic meatus, has branches within the skull and stylomastoid foramen, and gives off five terminal branches to innervate facial muscles and glands. Damage to the facial nerve can cause paralysis of facial muscles resulting in an inability to smile or close the eyes. The most common cause of facial nerve paralysis is Bell's palsy, which causes temporary weakness on one side of the face.
FACIAL NERVE its course and applied anatomy
This document provides an overview of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It discusses the functional components and nuclei of the facial nerve. It describes the course of the facial nerve through the skull and its branches within the facial canal and parotid gland. The ganglia associated with the facial nerve are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses some examples of applied anatomy related to facial nerve injuries and disorders like Bell's palsy, Möbius syndrome, and Crocodile tears syndrome.
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Balance
The document discusses the physiology of balance and vestibular functions. It describes the major functions of the vestibular system which includes maintaining equilibrium, sensing motion and spatial orientation, and helping to stabilize eye movements and posture. It then discusses the specific structures involved, including the semicircular canals and otolith organs, and how they detect rotational and linear acceleration to provide sensory input about head movement and orientation. It concludes by discussing some of the reflexes and pathways involved in integrating vestibular information and maintaining balance and eye movements.
Facial nerve
This document provides an overview of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It begins with definitions of nerves and nerve conduction. It then discusses the classification of the nervous system and provides an introduction to the facial nerve. The remainder of the document details the embryology, nuclei of origin, functional components, course, branches and distribution, ganglia, blood supply, surgical anatomy, applied aspects, and conclusion of the facial nerve. It provides diagrams and explanations of these various aspects of the facial nerve's anatomy and function.
Anatomy of basal ganglia
The document discusses the basal ganglia, which are a group of subcortical gray matter structures in the cerebrum that include the corpus striatum, amygdala, and claustrum. It describes the main components and connections of the basal ganglia, including the striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. The basal ganglia are involved in coordinating movement through connections with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem. Disorders like Parkinson's disease can result from basal ganglia dysfunction and cause issues like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
Facial nerve
The document discusses the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), including its anatomy and function. It has both sensory and motor components. The motor root innervates the muscles of facial expression, while the sensory root (nervus intermedius) carries preganglionic fibers for lacrimation, salivation, and taste. The facial nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and gives off branches in the parotid gland to innervate the face. Common injuries include Bell's palsy which causes paralysis of the lower half of the ipsilateral face.
Cranial nerves neuroanatomy
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Facial palsy
The document provides information on facial palsy/paralysis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It discusses how facial palsy can result from various congenital, traumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders. Diagnostic tests are described that evaluate different branches of the facial nerve, such as the Schirmer test for the lacrimal branch. Management includes medical approaches like corticosteroids as well as surgical options when needed like nerve decompression or microsurgery. Prognosis depends on factors like results from electrophysiological tests measured within the first weeks.
(18)hypoglossal nerve
The hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. It emerges from the medulla oblongata between the pyramid and olive and exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein. Damage to the hypoglossal nerve in the neck would cause the tongue to deviate to the side of the lesion on protrusion due to paralysis of the muscles on that side.
Facial nerve
The facial nerve is the 7th cranial nerve with motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers. It originates from 3 nuclei and has an intracranial and extracranial course through the facial canal and parotid gland. It gives off several branches including the chorda tympani, posterior auricular nerve, and 5 branches on the face. It is associated with 3 ganglia and is tested by movements of the forehead, eye closing, and cheek puffing. Injury can occur at different points along its course, causing varying degrees of motor and sensory deficits depending on the location of injury. Care must be taken during surgeries in the parotid and temporal regions to avoid damaging its branches.
Understanding & Managing Vertigo : Dr Vijay Sardana
The document discusses vertigo, including its prevalence, causes, mechanisms, types, clinical evaluation, and treatment. Vertigo is a common symptom that can be caused by disturbances in the peripheral or central vestibular system. Treatment involves identifying the specific cause and providing symptomatic relief through vestibular suppression or rehabilitation to aid compensation. Medications like antihistamines and betahistine that affect the vestibular system can help manage vertigo symptoms.
Third ventricle
The third ventricle is a midline cavity located between the two thalami and hypothalami. It communicates with the lateral ventricles via the foramen of Monroe and with the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct. The third ventricle's roof is formed by the fornix and tela choroidea, while its floor extends from the optic chiasm to the posterior perforated substance. The third ventricle can be accessed surgically through various anterior or posterior approaches between brain structures such as the fornix.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth cranial nerve. It exits the brainstem between the olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle, passing through the jugular foramen. It has both sensory and motor functions, including taste sensation from the posterior tongue, sensation from the pharynx and middle ear, and motor innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle. It also provides parasympathetic input to the parotid gland. Damage can cause loss of taste, swallowing issues, and impaired gag reflex.
FACIAL NERVE ANATOMY
The facial nerve has both sensory and motor components. It has nuclei in the pons that control muscles of facial expression, lacrimal and salivary glands, and taste sensation on the anterior tongue. The facial nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and divides into branches that innervate muscles of the face, scalp and neck including the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris. It also communicates with adjacent cranial and spinal nerves to coordinate movements between branchial arches.
Glossopharyngeal (cn ix) and vagus (
The document discusses the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X) nerves. It covers their anatomy, functions, and clinical assessment. The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the pharynx and posterior tongue. The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve, innervating muscles of the pharynx and larynx, and the heart and gastrointestinal tract via parasympathetic fibers. Clinical examination focuses on motor function of soft palate, larynx, and reflexes. Lesions are localized based on involved structures and associated deficits in other cranial nerves.
Neuroanatomy | 9. Spinal Cord (2)
This lecture in neuroanatomy was presented and taught by Ahmed Eljack to second level medical students at Alneelain University. It's the second lecture of the spinal cord neuroanatomy (containing the descending tracts and the spinal cord lesions).
This lecture discussed the following topics:
1. Corticospinal tract
2. Other important descending tracts
3. Description of upper and lower motor neurons
4. Characters of upper and lower motor neuron lesions
5. Important spinal cord disorders
1.facial nerve
The facial nerve (CN VII) is responsible for facial muscle movement and taste. It originates in the brainstem and travels through the facial canal in the temporal bone. The main branches innervate the muscles of facial expression. Facial paralysis can occur from lesions at different levels and have varying clinical presentations. Bell's palsy is an idiopathic acute facial paralysis that usually resolves over time with treatment. Evaluation and management depends on the severity and cause of injury.
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Khushali Jogani
The Sarvajanik College Of Physiotherapy,
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Basal ganglia
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Anatomy of facial nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve that emerges from the brainstem and supplies motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression. It has three parts - a motor root, an intermedius nerve that carries taste and parasympathetic fibers, and branches that innervate the muscles of the face and neck. The facial nerve travels through the internal acoustic meatus, has three segments within the facial canal, and exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen before branching within the parotid gland and terminating on individual facial muscles.
Olfactory nerve
The olfactory nerve (CN I) is the first and shortest cranial nerve. It transmits smell information from olfactory receptor cells in the nasal epithelium to the olfactory bulb. Axons from the receptor cells penetrate the cribriform plate and synapse with mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Second order neurons in the olfactory tract carry signals to the primary olfactory cortex, involved in memory and appreciation of smells. The olfactory nerve is unique as a special sensory nerve that detects odors.
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Understanding & Managing Vertigo : Dr Vijay Sardana
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Vestibular function test and its clinical examination
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Similar to Facial nerve and palsy
Facial nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve that controls facial expressions and innervates muscles of the face, neck and head. It originates from nuclei in the pons and has both motor and sensory components. The nerve travels through the internal acoustic meatus, has branches within the skull and stylomastoid foramen, and gives off five terminal branches to innervate facial muscles and glands. Damage to the facial nerve can cause paralysis of facial muscles resulting in an inability to smile or close the eyes. The most common cause of facial nerve paralysis is Bell's palsy, which causes temporary weakness on one side of the face.
FACIAL NERVE its course and applied anatomy
This document provides an overview of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It discusses the functional components and nuclei of the facial nerve. It describes the course of the facial nerve through the skull and its branches within the facial canal and parotid gland. The ganglia associated with the facial nerve are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses some examples of applied anatomy related to facial nerve injuries and disorders like Bell's palsy, Möbius syndrome, and Crocodile tears syndrome.
Facial nerve and its prosthodontic implications
This document provides an overview of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) including its anatomy, course, branches and distributions. It discusses lesions of the facial nerve including Bell's palsy, which is an acute paralysis or weakness of the facial nerve without an identifiable cause. The document concludes with a discussion of prosthodontic implications and management strategies for edentulous patients with facial nerve paralysis.
COURSE: ADVANCED ANATOMY II NEUROANATOMY
FACIAL NERVE TOPIC,. INTRODUCTION
EMBRYOLOGY OF FACIAL NERVE
NUCLEI OF FACIAL NERVE
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS
COURSE OF FACIAL NERVE
BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE
GANGLIA ASSOCIATES WITH FACIAL NERVE
FUNCTIONS OF FACIAL NERVE
BLOOD SUPPLY OF FACIAL NERVE
CLINICAL CORRELATION
REFERENCES
7th cranial nerve.
Nerve of second branchial arch
Mixed nerve carrying both motor and sensory fibres.
it is paired nucleus found on both sides .
During 3rdweek,the facioacoustic primordium develops,and gives rise to facial nerve
-4th week , facial nerve splits into two: chorda tympani and caudal main trunk.
-5th week geniculate ganglion and nervus intermedius develop.
-10 to 15th week Peripheral segment of facial nerve undergoes extensive branching .
The nerve is not fully developed until about 4 years of age
Motor nucleus
.To muscles of facial expression
2. Parasympathetic nulceus .
.Superior salivatory and lacrimatory nuclei
-Submandibualr and sublingular glands
-Lacrminal,nasal and palatine
3.Sensory nuclei
Nucleus of tractus solitarius-taste
Spinal nucleus of Trigeminal nerve
.Sensory root (NERVOUS INTERMEDIUS)
1-Superior salivatory nucleus
2.-Nulceus of solitarius
3.-Spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract
.Motor root
1.-Motor nucleus
1.Special visceral efferent fibres (SVE)
-Begin from the motor nucleus at the level of lower pons and supply the muscles of facial expression
-Posterior belly of digastric
-Platysma
-Stapedius muscle
2.General visceral efferent fibres .(GVE)
-These are preganglionic parasympathetic fibres which arise from lacrimatory and superior salivatory nuclei in the brainstem.
They supply the secretomotor fibres to lacrimal,
submandibular,
and sublingual glands
3. Special visceral afferent fibres(SVA)
.They carry special
sensations of taste from anterior two-third(2/3) of the tongue except vallate papillae and terminate in the Nucleus of
tractus solitarius (gustatory nucleus) in the brainstem.
General somatic afferent(GSA)
They carry general sensations from the skin of the auricle and terminate in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.
Anatomically, the course of facial nerve is divided into two parts:
1-Intracranial: EXIT FROM THE BRAIN
2-Extracranial:EXIT FROM THE CRANIAL CAVITY
The nerve arises in the pons of the brainstem as two roots large Motor root and small Sensory root.
The roots leaves the internal acoustic meautus and enter the facial canal. The canal is “Z” shaped
two roots fuse to form facial nerve.
nerve forms the geniculate ganglion.
Nerve gives rise to
-Greater petrosal nerve
-Nerve to stapedius
-Chorda tympani
The facial nerve then exits the facial canal (and the cranium) via stylomastoid foramen.1st extracranial branch to rise is the posterior auricular nerve.
Distal to this are Nerve to digastric and Nerve to stylohyoid
The main trunk of the nerve, motor root of facial nerve, continues anteriorly and inferiorly into the parotid gland, to give five branches
Temporal
Facialnerve
The Facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve that controls muscles of facial expression and conveys taste sensations from the tongue. It emerges from the brainstem between the pons and medulla. In the first three months of development, the facial nerve establishes its course through the facial canal and branching pattern. It has both motor and sensory functions and can be damaged, causing conditions like Bell's palsy or injuries during procedures near the parotid gland or temporomandibular joint.
Facial nerve.pptx
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that arises from the brainstem and has both motor and sensory components. It has a long intra-cranial course through the facial canal before exiting behind the ear. It then divides further to innervate the muscles of facial expression and provide parasympathetic fibers to salivary and lacrimal glands. Injuries to different parts of the facial nerve can cause varying symptoms due to its complex anatomy and the functions it controls in the face.
Facial nerve
simply described the facial nerve its course and its diseases with its examination. Easy to understand and sufficient for MBBS level students.
Facial nerve234
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve that controls facial muscle movement and receives taste sensations from parts of the tongue and palate. It exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and divides into 5 terminal branches in the parotid gland. Facial nerve paralysis can occur due to dental injections if the local anesthetic is deposited near the nerve branches in the parotid gland. Bell's palsy is a common cause of unilateral facial paralysis and is thought to be caused by herpes simplex virus infection. Care must be taken during parotid gland surgery and TMJ procedures to avoid damaging the facial nerve branches.
FACIAL NERVE.pptx
1. The facial nerve is the 7th cranial nerve that has both motor and sensory components.
2. It has nuclei in the brainstem that control facial expression and secretomotor functions.
3. The facial nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and divides into branches that innervate muscles of the face.
Cranial nerves VII-XII.pptx
The cranial nerves VII-XII control facial expression and innervate muscles of the face and neck. The facial nerve is commonly damaged and can cause Bell's palsy with paralysis of facial muscles on one side. Damage to different branches causes specific symptoms like taste loss or ear problems. Most Bell's palsy cases recover on their own but steroids may speed recovery. The facial nerve exits the skull and splits into branches innervating individual facial muscles. Central facial palsy spares forehead muscles while peripheral lesions weaken all facial muscles on one side.
Facial nerve
The Facial nerve is the seventh of twelve paired cranial nerves, it is a mixed nerve with motor and sensory roots.
Final facial nerve palsy dr. zaimal
This document discusses the anatomy and functional components of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). It describes the course and branches of the facial nerve from its nuclei in the brainstem through the temporal bone. Key points include that the facial nerve has both motor and sensory fibers, and innervates the muscles of facial expression as well as the lacrimal and salivary glands. Tests to localize lesions of the facial nerve include the Schirmer test for lacrimation, stapedius reflex test, and taste/electrogustometry testing.
Facial Nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve, or simply CN VII. It emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Facial nerve
The document discusses the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), which is predominantly motor and supplies the muscles of facial expression. It describes the nuclei that contribute fibers to the facial nerve, including the main motor nucleus in the pons. The course of the facial nerve is outlined, from its origins in the pons through the cranial cavity and stylomastoid foramen. The branches of the facial nerve are identified, including those that supply muscles of facial expression and parasympathetic fibers. Clinical significance of lesions to different parts of the facial nerve are summarized.
Facial nerve
The facial nerve is the 7th cranial nerve that has both motor and sensory components. It emerges from the brainstem and travels through the internal acoustic meatus and facial canal. It gives off several branches including the chorda tympani and greater petrosal nerve. Within the parotid gland, it divides into 5 terminal branches that innervate the muscles of facial expression. Lesions can occur above or below the nucleus, with supranuclear lesions sparing the upper face. Common infranuclear lesions include Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome.
Facial nerve done
facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve supplies the submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal glands, the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, pharynx and taste fibres, and on being injured it leads to loss of lacrimation, loss of salivation, loss of taste sensation and paralysis of the muscles of facial expression.
Nerve supply of face 1
This document provides an overview of the nerve supply of the head and neck region. It begins with an introduction to the nervous system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. It then discusses the 12 cranial nerves in detail, including their origin, course, structures supplied, and clinical correlations. For each cranial nerve, it provides summaries of key branches and their functions. The document also briefly discusses the spinal nerves and covers topics such as neurons, neuroglial cells, and the development of the nervous system. Overall, the document concisely summarizes the anatomy and clinical relevance of the major nerves involved in innervating the head and neck.
CRANIAL NERVES.pptxafxzvdxgcvnhgmcxvdhbgvn
This document discusses the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It provides details on each nerve, including its function, origin, opening in the skull, attachments, and clinical effects of damage. The cranial nerves include the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves. Each nerve has sensory, motor, or mixed functions related to structures in the head, neck, and thorax. Damage to the cranial nerves can cause issues like blindness, drooping eyelids, double vision, facial paralysis, hearing loss, and difficulty swallowing or speaking.
facial nerve seminar.pptx
The facial nerve (CN VII) is a mixed cranial nerve that controls facial muscle movement and secretomotor functions. It has motor, parasympathetic, and sensory branches. The facial nerve originates in the pons and exits the skull through the internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen. It gives off branches in the parotid gland to innervate facial muscles. Facial nerve disorders like Bell's palsy cause paralysis of the ipsilateral face.
Facial nerve and it’s branches
The facial nerve emerges from the brainstem and travels through the facial canal in the temporal bone. It has motor, parasympathetic, and sensory components. The motor component innervates the muscles of facial expression. The parasympathetic component innervates salivary and lacrimal glands. The sensory component provides taste sensation to the tongue and palate. The facial nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and divides into 5 branches that innervate muscles of the face. Lesions can occur at different points along the nerve's course, resulting in varying symptoms such as facial paralysis, loss of taste, or impaired lacrimation or salivation.
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Facial nerve and palsy
- 1. Facial Nerve and Palsy Musa Abu Sabha
- 2. Facial nerve • The facial nerve is the seventh (VII) of twelve paired cranial nerves. • It emerges from the brainstem between the Pons and the Medulla.
- 4. • Nuclei: 1. Facial nucleus - Special Visceral Efferent (SVE). 2. Superior salivary nucleus – General Visceral Efferent (GVE). 3. Lacrimatory nucleus - General Visceral Efferent (GVE). Facial nerve is a mixed nerve, having 2 roots: 1. Medial motor root. 2. Lateral sensory root (nervous intermedius),which contains sensory & parasympathetic fibers.
- 6. Function: 1. Motor function: – Muscles of facial expression. – Posterior belly of digastrics muscle. – Stylohyoid muscle. – Stapedius muscle of the middle ear. 2. Sensory function: – Taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. – Oropharynx above the palatine tonsil. 3. Secretomotor function (parasympathetic innervation): – Submandibular & sublingual salivary glands. – Lacrimal glands. – Nasal glands.
- 7. Course • The motor part arises from the facial nerve nucleus in the pons. • Sensory part arises from the nervus intermedius. • The two roots emerge from the anterior surface of the brain between the pons and Medulla oblongata. • They pass laterally & forward in the posterior cranial fossa to opening of the internal acoustic meatus. • At the bottom of the meatus, the nerve enters the facial canal & runs laterally above the vestibule of the labyrinith until it reaches the medial wall of the tympanic cavity. Cont…
- 8. Course
- 9. Here, the nerve expands from the sensory geniculate ganglion to give: • Branches inside the facial canal: 1. Greater petrosal nerve : provides parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland, as well as special taste sensory fibers to the palate via the nerve of pterygoid canal (Vidian Nerve). 2. Nerve to stapedius : provides motor innervation for stapedius muscle in middle ear. 3. Chorda tympani : provides parasympathetic innervation to submandibular gland, sublingual gland and special sensory taste fibers for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
- 10. Then it descends in the posterior wall of the middle ear, behind the pyramid, then through the stylomastoid foramen & passes through the parotid gland. Though it passes through the parotid gland , it doesn’t innervate it. • Branches distal to stylomastoid foramen: 1. Posterior auricular nerve: controls movements of some of the scalp muscles around the ear. 2. Branch to Posterior belly of Digastric and Stylohyoid muscle.
- 11. • As the facial nerve runs forward within the substance of the parotid gland, it divides into its 5 terminal branches: 1. Temporal branch 2. Zygomatic branch. 3. Buccal branch. 4. Mandibular branch. 5. Cervical branch. ** Mastidectomy to remove cholesteatoma carries a risk of facial paralysis.
- 12. Testing the facial nerve: Voluntary facial movements, such as: • Wrinkling the brow • Showing teeth • Frowning • Closing the eyes tightly • Pursing the lips • Puffing out the cheeks There should be no noticeable asymmetry.
- 13. Facial Paralysis
- 14. • UMN lesion: In an UMN lesion, called central seven, only the lower part of the face on the opposite side will be affected, due to the bilateral control to the upper facial muscles. • LMN lesion: LMN lesions can result in Bell's palsy, manifested as both upper and lower facial weakness on the same side of the lesion.
- 17. Bell's palsy • The most common cause of unilateral facial paralysis. Bell palsy is an acute, unilateral, peripheral, lower-motor-neuron facial- nerve paralysis that gradually resolves over time in 80-90% of cases. • The cause of Bell palsy remains unknown, though it appears to be a polyneuritis with possible viral, inflammatory, autoimmune, and ischemic etiologies. Increasing evidence implicates herpes simplex type I and herpes zoster virus reactivation from cranial-nerve ganglia.
- 18. • should be conservative and guided by the severity and probable prognosis in each particular case. • Studies have shown the benefit of high-dose corticosteroids for acute Bell palsy. • Although antiviral treatment has been used in recent years, evidence is now available indicating that it may not be useful. Treatment of Bell palsy
- 19. House Brackmann facial nerve grading system
- 20. House Brackmann facial nerve grading system
- 21. House Brackmann facial nerve grading system
- 23. Waardenburg syndrome • Autosomal dominant disorder with an incidence of 1 in 40,000 that manifests with sensorineural deafness, pigmentation defects of the skin, hair and iris and various defects of neural crest-derived tissues.
- 24. Case Report
- 25. Case Report
- 26. Conclusion