Non hodgkin lymphoma
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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a large group of cancers that develop from lymphocytes, with around 85% originating from B cells and 15% from T or NK cells. T-cell lymphomas presenting with lymphadenopathy rather than outside the lymph nodes are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors that are usually of the CD4+ phenotype.
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A 5-year-old boy has moved from the 50th percentile for both weight and height to the 95th percentile for weight and 50th percentile for height, indicating he is now obese. When counseling the family, the doctor should discuss the health consequences of childhood obesity, including increased risk of diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Obesity in children can also negatively impact psychological health and quality of life.
Obesity in pediatric - case presentation
A 5-year-old boy has moved from the 50th percentile for both weight and height to the 95th percentile for weight and 50th percentile for height, indicating he is now obese. When counseling the family, the doctor should discuss the health consequences of childhood obesity like increased risk of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychosocial issues. Obesity in children can lead to obesity in adults and is one of the most common chronic illnesses among adolescents.
Creutzfeldt jakob disease (cjd)
This document provides an outline and overview of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). It begins with a case presentation of a 42-year-old woman exhibiting symptoms of gait and stance issues, tremors, and cognitive decline. It then defines CJD as a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions, an abnormal form of a protein normally found in the brain. The document discusses the etiology, modes of transmission including genetic and acquired forms, epidemiology including mortality rates varying by region, pathogenesis involving prion protein conversion and neuronal death, clinical diagnosis challenges, lack of treatment options, and infection control recommendations.
Newborn hyperbilirubinemia
Breast milk jaundice.
The key features that point to breast milk jaundice in this case are:
- Jaundice onset after the first week of life
- Progressive deepening of jaundice over 1 week
- Exclusively breastfed
- Pale/gray stool color indicating reduced bilirubin conjugation
Breast milk jaundice results from high levels of beta-glucuronidase in breast milk interfering with bilirubin conjugation in the infant's liver and gut. It typically presents after the first week of life and can persist for several weeks if breastfeeding continues.
Myeloproliferative disorders PV and ET
he term myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) describes a
group of conditions arising from marrow stem cells and characterized by clonal proliferation of one or more haemopoietic
components in the bone marrow and, in many cases, the liver
and spleen. They are often called the myeloproliferative diseases. The three major non‐leukaemic disorders included in
this classification are:
1 Polycythaemia vera (PV);
2 Essential thrombocythaemia (ET); and
3 Primary myelofibrosis.
Brucellosis a glance on Palestine
Malta Fever , Brucellosis , is one of the most prevalent zoonotic infection globally. It’s a
bacterial infection caused by Brucella , a Gram-Negative bacteria1
. Brucella melitensis
(transmitted from sheep and goats), B. abortus (transmitted from cattle and bovina), and B.
suis (transmitted to humans from pigs) are the most common species causing human
brucellosis
Gastroparesis high yield points
Gastroparesis is a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain
Nephrolithiasis - urinary stones
Common disorder with an annual incidence of 0.1% to 0.5%.
The peak age at onset is 20 to 30 years
Men > Women ( until 50s )
Wide geographic variations exist, due to differences in diet and water composition, as well as ambient and sunlight exposure. 5-9% in Europe 20% in Saudi Arabia
Otitis media ENT
It is an inflammation of the middle ear cleft (( not middle ear cavity)).
Account for almost 1/3 of the office visit to pediatricians
Peak incidence 6-24 month of life
More common in boys and in low socioeconomic persons
Incidence increased in children with: HIV , cleft palate, trisomy 21
Oral manf of systemic disease
Many systemic diseases are reflected in the oral mucosa, maxilla, and mandible.
Mucosal changes may include ulceration or mucosal bleeding.
Immunodeficiency can lead to opportunistic diseases such as infection and neoplasia.
Bone disease can affect the maxilla and mandible.
Systemic disease can cause dental and periodontal changes.
Drugs prescribed for a systemic disease can affect oral tissue.
Trotter's Triad
Trotter's triad is a set of three symptoms seen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: middle ear effusion, palatal asymmetry, and a nasopharyngeal tumor. An example case showed a patient with left-sided middle ear effusion, palatal asymmetry, and a nasopharyngeal tumor that had extended intracranially through the foramen ovale and invaded the pterygoid muscles.
Facial nerve and palsy
The facial nerve emerges from the brainstem and has both motor and sensory functions. It innervates the muscles of facial expression and provides parasympathetic innervation to glands. Facial paralysis can result from lesions to the facial nerve. Bell's palsy is the most common cause of unilateral facial paralysis and usually resolves over time with treatment like corticosteroids. Grading systems like the House-Brackmann scale are used to assess facial nerve function.
Disorders of Pancreas
this ppt presents pancreatitis and tumors of the pancreas
The fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and has a mean age of 55 at diagnosis.
I GET SMASHED
Phoniatrics musa
Phoniatrics is the branch of medicine concerned with communication disorders related to phonation, speech, and language. It deals with the science of voice production, speech articulation using the mouth, tongue, and lips, and the four modalities of human language: comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Communication disorders can involve defects in phonation (voice), resonance (in the pharynx, mouth, and nose), speech articulation, or language development and use. Phoniatrists work to diagnose and treat these disorders through medical treatment, surgery, voice therapy and other methods.
Acute brain
The document provides an overview of brain anatomy and various types of head injuries and brain hemorrhages that can be seen on CT imaging. It begins with a brief description of brain anatomy including skull bones, meninges, ventricles, and cortical structures. It then discusses different types of head trauma such as skull fractures, depressed fractures, and basilar fractures. Finally, it covers brain hemorrhages including extra-axial hemorrhages like epidural hematomas and subdural hematomas, as well as subarachnoid hemorrhage and intra-axial bleeding.
Septic arthritis
The document discusses septic arthritis, an inflammatory joint condition caused by bacterial infection. It notes that septic arthritis most commonly affects the knee, with Staphylococcus aureus now the most common pathogen in most patients. Risk factors include advanced age, medical conditions like diabetes, joint surgery, IV drug use, and recent bacteremia. Symptoms include joint pain, swelling, warmth, and fever. Diagnosis involves joint aspiration and fluid analysis, along with blood tests. Treatment requires antibiotics and sometimes surgical drainage, while complications can include permanent joint damage if not addressed promptly.
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