The document discusses codes and standards related to aspirating smoke detection systems. It outlines requirements from NFPA 72, 75, and 76 regarding detector spacing, area coverage, sensitivity levels, transport times, and other design considerations for very early warning fire detection (VEWFD) and early warning fire detection (EWFD) systems. Key points include reduced spacing for aspirating systems compared to spot-type detectors, sensitivity levels of 0.2%/ft for alert and 1.0%/ft for alarm in VEWFD systems, and maximum transport times of 60 seconds for VEWFD and 90 seconds for EWFD systems.
This is the installation manual for the new ASD from the Stratos series. besides the Micra 10, Micra 25, Micra 100 and the Stratos HSSD-2 there is the Modulaser. Simple, Effective and Fast. SenseTek is the official distributor for the Modulaser
De Stratos Modulaser is het nieuwste ASD systeem van Kidde Airsense. Het unieke modulaire systeem bestaat uit een displaymodule met daaraan 1 of meerdere detectormodules. Voor vragen over functionaliteit en prijs kunt u vrijblijvend contact zoeken met de mensen van SenseTek
This is the installation manual for the new ASD from the Stratos series. besides the Micra 10, Micra 25, Micra 100 and the Stratos HSSD-2 there is the Modulaser. Simple, Effective and Fast. SenseTek is the official distributor for the Modulaser
De Stratos Modulaser is het nieuwste ASD systeem van Kidde Airsense. Het unieke modulaire systeem bestaat uit een displaymodule met daaraan 1 of meerdere detectormodules. Voor vragen over functionaliteit en prijs kunt u vrijblijvend contact zoeken met de mensen van SenseTek
5 Clock Tree Design Techniques to Optimize SerDes Performance for Networking ...Silicon Labs
As new designs adopt FPGAs, SoCs, ASICs, and CPUs with higher speed SerDes, it’s becoming increasingly important to understand the impact of reference timing on overall system performance. This deck provides practical guidance on overcoming common timing design challenges by reviewing timing requirements for 10G/25G/40G/56G-based designs, explaining when to use clocks versus oscillators, highlighting system-level factors that degrade signal integrity and reviewing how to budget jitter and/or phase noise margin in order to select an optimal timing solution. This deck also explains how to use common bench equipment and software-based tools to simplify the design-in process.
Watch the complete webinar here: http://bit.ly/2zkBIHb
Draeger cataloger for fire & gas detection solution in region Australia, New Zealand, PNG & Pacific Islands. Please contact us for any further information.
De Stratos HSSD 2 aspiratiedetector biedt een gevoeligheidspotentieel dat zijn gelijke niet kent en biedt de vroegst mogelijke alarmering waarbij de kans op ongewenste meldingen tot een minimum beperkt blijft.
De Stratos HSSD 2 detector bevat vele unieke functies die de werking te optimaliseren en zorgen voor een veel hogere betrouwbaarheid dan aspiratiesystemen van andere fabricaten. De detector bevat het gepatenteerde kunstmatige intelligente systeem Classifire dat er voor zorgt dat de detector altijd met een optimale gevoeligheid voor de te bewaken ruimte functioneert.
Tijdens het inschakelen van de detector configureert Classifire de detector automatisch. Tevens zorgt het systeem ervoor dat de detector zich gedurende zijn volledige levensduur blijft optimaliseren waardoor deze ook optimaal blijft functioneren wanneer eventuele veranderingen in het te bewaken gebied optreden.
SenseTek
Brandbeveiliging | Apiratiesystemen | Thermische kabelsystemen | Beamdetectie | Vlamdetectie | Vloeistofdetectie | Voedingen | Proefbrandmateriaal
A Universal Transmitter for Toxic, Oxygen and Combustible Gas DetectionArjay Automation
XNX is designed for flexible integration, simple installation, user-friendly operation and straight-forward maintenance. It is ideal for use with a range of gas monitoring controllers or industry standard PLCs. The introduction of our HART Enhanced Device Descriptor Language (EDDL) software provides users with an at-a-glance indication of the health of their gas detectors in the field.
www.sensetek.nl
Branddetectie | Aspiratiesystemen | Thermische kabelsystemen | Beamdetectie | Vlamdetectie | Vloeistofdetectie | Voedingen | Proefbrandmateriaal
Specificaties voor het kleinste ASD systeem van Kidde Airsense. Stratos Nano aspiratiedetectie. Bel voor informatie naar de adviseurs van SenseTek. of kijk op de website
5 Clock Tree Design Techniques to Optimize SerDes Performance for Networking ...Silicon Labs
As new designs adopt FPGAs, SoCs, ASICs, and CPUs with higher speed SerDes, it’s becoming increasingly important to understand the impact of reference timing on overall system performance. This deck provides practical guidance on overcoming common timing design challenges by reviewing timing requirements for 10G/25G/40G/56G-based designs, explaining when to use clocks versus oscillators, highlighting system-level factors that degrade signal integrity and reviewing how to budget jitter and/or phase noise margin in order to select an optimal timing solution. This deck also explains how to use common bench equipment and software-based tools to simplify the design-in process.
Watch the complete webinar here: http://bit.ly/2zkBIHb
Draeger cataloger for fire & gas detection solution in region Australia, New Zealand, PNG & Pacific Islands. Please contact us for any further information.
De Stratos HSSD 2 aspiratiedetector biedt een gevoeligheidspotentieel dat zijn gelijke niet kent en biedt de vroegst mogelijke alarmering waarbij de kans op ongewenste meldingen tot een minimum beperkt blijft.
De Stratos HSSD 2 detector bevat vele unieke functies die de werking te optimaliseren en zorgen voor een veel hogere betrouwbaarheid dan aspiratiesystemen van andere fabricaten. De detector bevat het gepatenteerde kunstmatige intelligente systeem Classifire dat er voor zorgt dat de detector altijd met een optimale gevoeligheid voor de te bewaken ruimte functioneert.
Tijdens het inschakelen van de detector configureert Classifire de detector automatisch. Tevens zorgt het systeem ervoor dat de detector zich gedurende zijn volledige levensduur blijft optimaliseren waardoor deze ook optimaal blijft functioneren wanneer eventuele veranderingen in het te bewaken gebied optreden.
SenseTek
Brandbeveiliging | Apiratiesystemen | Thermische kabelsystemen | Beamdetectie | Vlamdetectie | Vloeistofdetectie | Voedingen | Proefbrandmateriaal
A Universal Transmitter for Toxic, Oxygen and Combustible Gas DetectionArjay Automation
XNX is designed for flexible integration, simple installation, user-friendly operation and straight-forward maintenance. It is ideal for use with a range of gas monitoring controllers or industry standard PLCs. The introduction of our HART Enhanced Device Descriptor Language (EDDL) software provides users with an at-a-glance indication of the health of their gas detectors in the field.
www.sensetek.nl
Branddetectie | Aspiratiesystemen | Thermische kabelsystemen | Beamdetectie | Vlamdetectie | Vloeistofdetectie | Voedingen | Proefbrandmateriaal
Specificaties voor het kleinste ASD systeem van Kidde Airsense. Stratos Nano aspiratiedetectie. Bel voor informatie naar de adviseurs van SenseTek. of kijk op de website
Presenting Matrix PROPAC - A powerful and proactive CFAP (Conventional Fire Alarm Panel) used to continuously monitor smoke, heat, flame or spark in the immediate vicinity of an office, building, apartment, home or small industrial plant. It is fully geared to identify the smallest spark accurately, and is vital in critical situations for providing a real time response and thus reducing the risk of equipment damage and loss of life.
Bandweaver_Glasvezel loodsen en pakhuizen LHD.pdfHans Bronkhorst
Bandweaver fabrikant van glasvezelkabel wat gebruikt wordt voor thermische detectie in combinatie met de FireLaser controller heeft een case study gepresenteerd met daarin de voordelen van LHD in warehouses, magazijnen en loodsen. het gebruik van thermische detectie middels glasvezel is een veel beproefde manier om snel temperatuurstijging te meten in grote gebouwen zoals loodsen of magazijnen. Vanwege het aanwezig stof en vuil is rook detectie vaak geen optie. Door de jaren heen heeft SenseTek, distributeur van de glasvezel, veel ervaring opgedaan met thermische lint detectie. De sensorkabel is een veel gebruikte methode maar is voor loodsen en magazijnen een lastige kabel om te monteren vanwege het gewicht, dikte en stugheid. De glasvezelkabel is dun, licht en flexibel en daarom eenvoudig te monteren tussen stellingen of aan het plafond. Voor lengtes langer dan 1.000meter is de glasvezelkabel tevens een goedkopere oplossing dan de sensorkabel. De glasvezelkabel kent vele toepassingen zoals de magazijnen of loodsen maar ook zeker in parkeergarages is de glasvezelkabel de beste keuze voor de erkende branddetectie bedrijven als ook voor de eindgebruiker. SenseTek is specialist op het gebied van vroegtijdige branddetectie en kan u adviseren bij uw specifieke projecten als het gaat om brandbeveiliging. bekijk de site van sensetek op https://www.sensetek.nl/producten/glasvezelkabel
Presentation of Safety IntelliPoint series including Floating Roof Tank Spill Preventions System level switches- and the safety certifications that are important when working with waste water, oil, petrolium, chemicals or even drinking water. You get specifications, know-how and quality insight, and knowledge about SIL2 to IEC 61508.
ModuLaser is a scalable aspirating smoke detection solution that makes installation easier, monitoring and control more flexible and maintenance faster. It does this by compartmentalizing detection equipment and status display and control equipment into
separate housings. This division of components results in a unique modular design that
overcomes many of the wiring and piping pitfalls associated with air aspirating equipment
Isolation is an integral part of many modern applications from medical to instrumentation to industrial. Most applications require the designer to integrate isolation in the design while improving performance, saving board space, increasing reliability levels, reducing power consumption, and, of course, cutting cost. This session provides an understanding of various isolator technologies, and offers suggestions on how to address such stringent design objectives.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
FAAST SYSTEM
1. 1 Title of Slide Presentation
FAAST
Fire Alarm Aspiration Sensing Technology
2. 2 Title of Slide Presentation
What is an Aspirating Smoke Detector (ASD)?
Why Aspirating Smoke Detection?
Why FAAST?
What do codes have to say about ASD?
Is Multi Pipe ASD actually better than a Single Pipe
ASD?
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for FAAST?
What’s the ROADMAP for FAAST?
3. 3 Title of Slide Presentation
What is an Aspirating Smoke Detector (ASD)?
Why Aspirating Smoke Detection?
Why FAAST?
What do Codes have to say about ASD?
Is Multi Pipe ASD actually better than a Single Pipe
ASD?
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for ASD?
What’s the ROADMAP for FAAST?
4. 4 Title of Slide Presentation
What is an Aspirating Smoke
Detector?
5. 5 Title of Slide Presentation
It’s a system that draws air from the area, via a pipe
network, back to a central detector, which continually
monitors for very small quantities of smoke. These
devices typically include:
1. Aspirator or fan
2. Piping and sampling points (Active vs. Passive)
3. Filter
4. Sensing chamber
5. High sensitivity sensor
6. 6 Title of Slide Presentation
What is an Aspirating Smoke Detector (ASD)?
Why Aspirating Smoke Detection?
Why FAAST?
Is Multi Pipe ASD actually better than a Single Pipe
ASD?
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for ASD?
What’s the ROADMAP for FAAST?
7. 7 Title of Slide Presentation
Why Aspirating Smoke
Detection?
8. 8 Title of Slide Presentation
What is Very Early Detection?
9. 9 Title of Slide Presentation
Why do we need Early Detection?
• Early detection allows time to investigate the alarm and
escalate if needed
• It gives time to resolve the situation before actual fire
starts.
• It gives people some extra / crucial time to take
decisions
• Provides extra time to take backup, switchover and
shutdown the systems
• Most importantly prevents catastrophic loss of life ,
assets or business continuity
10. 10 Title of Slide Presentation
What are applications of ASD?
Mission Critical
Computer and Data Processing
Historical/Aesthetics
Museums, Churches, and Mansions
Large Public Areas
Shopping Malls , Airports , Stadiums
Difficult Environments
Cold Food Storage and Tunnels
Security Concerns
Prisons and Hospitals
Costs Concerns
In Beam Pockets
Suppression Systems
In Cross Zone, and Multi-Stage Activation
11. 11 Title of Slide Presentation
What is an Aspirating Smoke Detector (ASD)?
Why Aspirating Smoke Detection?
Why FAAST?
Is Multi Pipe ASD actually better than a Single Pipe
ASD?
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for ASD?
What’s the ROADMAP for FAAST?
13. 13 Title of Slide Presentation
FAAST – Fire Alarm Aspiration
Sensing Technology
FAAST is an Aspirating Smoke Detector
which is Highly sensitive to smoke and
has above average resistance to
nuisance alarms.
14. 14 Title of Slide Presentation
Why FAAST?
Unique Dual Detection Technology
Dual Source Optical Analysis
• Blue LED covers the widest
ranges of fires
• Infrared Laser identifies non-
fire particulates
• Advanced Algorithms discriminate
between particulates and smoke
• Maximizes detection while
minimizing nuisance alarms
15. 15 Title of Slide Presentation
Why FAAST?
Three Stage Dust Discrimination
Stage 1: Particle Separator
• It removes larger contaminates before they
enter the detection chamber and filter
•Extends the life of the device
Stage 2: Field-Replaceable Filter
•30 micron
•Only 1 filter to easily change every 4 years instead of 2
•An initial warning is given to change the filter and a Minor
fault is generated
Stage 3: Unique Dual Detection Technology
• Combination of Blue LED and Infrared laser along with
advanced algorithms to ensure it detects wide range of
Smoke along with avoiding nuisance alarms
16. 16 Title of Slide Presentation
Why FAAST?
One of the best Sensitivity range in its Segment
• FAAST has got one of the widest
sensitivity range in its segment
ranging from 0.00046% obs/ft to
6.25% obs/ ft
• It has Five programmable Alarm
Thresholds : Alert, Action 1,
Action2, Fire1 and Fire 2
• 8 Programmable Form C Relay
contacts to integrate with any Fire
panel or Suppression panel or be
used as a stand alone system
17. 17 Title of Slide Presentation
Why FAAST?
Advanced Communication Interfaces
Each unit comes with an inbuilt Ethernet Port
for remote monitoring
Each unit comes with inbuilt Email support:
FAAST can send alerts to 6 pre configured Email
addresses
Each unit comes with an inbuilt ModBus
interface for integration with third party systems
Each unit has an inbuilt Web Server: No need
of software to remotely configure or monitor the
system
All this included in the basic product, without any EXTRA COST!!!!
18. 18 Title of Slide Presentation
Why FAAST?
Easy to use Software: Pipe IQ
• Single software that can be used to
design the pipe layout, Configure the
unit and monitor the unit after
installation
• Very easy to use Graphical User
Interface
• Can monitor up to 255 units connected
in a network.
• FM approved to give results as per
NFPA sensitivity and transport time
requirements
• Available Free of Cost on System
Sensor Website
19. 19 Title of Slide Presentation
Why FAAST?
A Product from System Sensor, a Honeywell Company
FAAST is manufactured in
System Sensor’s St. Charles Factory
in Illinois, USA
System Sensor is World’s largest
manufacturer by unit volume of
fire detection and notification
products.
It comes with a Three Year
Warranty from the manufacturer
20. 20 Title of Slide Presentation
Why FAAST?
Required Agency Approvals:
UL, ULC
FM
CSFM
VdS approval
Australian approvals
Korean approvals
China
Additional agencies to follow:
Singapore
21. 21 Title of Slide Presentation
Why FAAST?
At your Service…
Initial BOQ Support
Pipe layout design
Training for Partners,
Consultants and End
Customers
22. 22 Title of Slide Presentation
Why FAAST?
Unique Dual Detection Technology : Blue LED and
Infrared
3 Stage Dust Discrimination to reduce Nuisance
alarms
One of the best Sensitivity range in its segment
8 Inbuilt programmable relays
One of the most advanced communication
protocols: TCP/ IP, ModBus, Email support and
inbuilt Web Server
One in All Software and that too FREE OF COST!!!
A product from System Sensor …a Honeywell
Company
Manufactured in USA
Three Year Warranty Support
BOQ Support, Design Support and Trainings for
your Partners, Consultants and End Customers
23. 23 Title of Slide Presentation
What is an Aspirating Smoke Detector (ASD)?
Why Aspirating Smoke Detection?
Why FAAST?
What do codes have to say about ASD?
Is Multi Pipe ASD actually better than a Single Pipe
ASD?
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for FAAST?
What’s the ROADMAP for FAAST?
24. 24 Title of Slide Presentation
What do Codes have to say about
ASD?
25. 25 Title of Slide Presentation
• Advises detector spacing
• Standard coverage area reduced in
high air flow
Codes and Aspiration: NFPA 72
26. 26 Title of Slide Presentation
• Prescriptive and performance-
based approach
• Requires automatic detection with
early warning of fire
Codes and Aspiration: NFPA 75
27. 27 Title of Slide Presentation
8.2* Automatic Detection Systems
Automatic detection equipment shall
be installed to provide early
warning of fire. The equipment
used shall be a listed smoke
detection-type system
NFPA 75: IT Equipment Rooms
28. 28 Title of Slide Presentation
8.2.1* Automatic detection systems
shall be installed in the following
locations:
1. At the ceiling level throughout the
IT equipment area
2. Below the raised floor of the IT
equipment area containing cables
3. Above the suspended ceiling and
below the raised floor in the IT
equipment area where these spaces
are used to recirculate air to other
parts of the building
NFPA 75: IT Equipment Rooms
29. 29 Title of Slide Presentation
• Prescriptive and performance-
based
• Defines detector/port spacing, area
coverage, and sensitivity
Codes and Aspiration: NFPA 76
30. 30 Title of Slide Presentation
Detection Systems Definitions
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
3.5.1 Early Warning Fire Detection
(EWFD) Systems. Systems that use
smoke, heat, or flame detectors to
detect fires before high heat conditions
threaten human life or cause significant
damage to telecommunications service.
31. 31 Title of Slide Presentation
3.5.5 Standard Fire Detection (SFD)
Systems. Systems that use fire
detection initiating devices to achieve
certain life safety and property protection
in accordance with applicable standards.
Detection Systems Definitions
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
32. 32 Title of Slide Presentation
3.5.6 Very Early Warning Fire
Detection (VEWFD) Systems. Systems
that detect low-energy fires before the
fire conditions threaten
telecommunications service.
Detection Systems Definitions
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
33. 33 Title of Slide Presentation
Fire Detection
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
6.8.6.1 General. In telecommunications
facilities containing greater than 232 m2
(2,500 ft2) of signal-processing
equipment areas, the signal-processing
equipment areas shall be provided with
a VEWFD system for detection and
alarm processing in accordance with
Chapter 8.
34. 34 Title of Slide Presentation
6.8.6.1.1 In telecommunications facilities
containing 232 m2 (2,500 ft2) or less of
signal-processing equipment areas, the
signal-processing equipment areas shall
be provided with an EWFD system for
detection and alarm processing in
accordance with Chapter 8.
Fire Detection
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
35. 35 Title of Slide Presentation
8.4.1.2 Fire alarm, supervisory, and
trouble signals shall be annunciated at a
constantly attended location
8.4.1.3* Use of VEWFD systems with an
alert (pre-alarm) condition shall provide
for an initial response by authorized
personnel prior to fire dept. notification
8.4.1.4 Alarm monitoring centers
maintained by the telecom service
provider that have dedicated personnel
24 / 7 shall be permitted to be the
supervising station
Chapter 8.4
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
36. 36 Title of Slide Presentation
Chapter 8.4
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
8.4.2.1.3 Automatic fire alarm signals
shall be initiated by, but not be limited to,
the following:
1. Smoke detectors
2. Heat detectors
3. Flame detectors
4. Suppression system release
5. Water flow initiating devices
37. 37 Title of Slide Presentation
8.4.2.1.4 Fire alarm signals shall take
precedence in processing over all other
signals
8.4.2.1.5 The automatic or manual
initiation of alarm conditions shall cause
the building fire alarm notification
appliances to operate in accordance with
the requirements of NFPA 72
Chapter 8.4
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
38. 38 Title of Slide Presentation
8.4.2.2.4 Supervisory signals shall
include but not be limited to:
1. Alert signal (pre-alarm) from a VEWFD
system
2. Fire alarm initiating devices, where
designated as such (e.g., duct smoke
detectors)
3. Sprinkler valve supervisory switches
4. Fire pump off-normal conditions
5. Other abnormal fire safety–related
conditions
Chapter 8.4
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
39. 39 Title of Slide Presentation
8.4.2.2.7 The alert pre-alarm signal from
a VEWFD system shall be
distinguishable from all other fire alarm,
supervisory, and trouble signals.
Chapter 8.4
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
40. 40 Title of Slide Presentation
Chapter 8.5.2 Detection Systems
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
8.5.2.1 EWFD and VEWFD smoke
detection systems shall use sensors or
ports with spacing that is less than that
normally required by NFPA 72.
41. 41 Title of Slide Presentation
8.5.3.1.2 VEWFD Sensor and
Port Installation
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
8.5.3.1.2.1* Every type of sensor and
port installed in an area shall be limited
to a maximum coverage area of 18.6 m2
(200 ft2)
42. 42 Title of Slide Presentation
8.5.3.1.2 VEWFD Sensor and
Port Installation
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
8.5.3.1.2.2* Where two levels (high and
low) of ports or sensors are provided,
the following requirements shall be met:
1. Each level shall be limited to a
coverage of 400 ft2 or less per port
or sensor.
2. The coverage limitation between
high and low levels shall be limited
to 200 ft2 or less providing for
staggered port or sensor
arrangements between each level.
43. 43 Title of Slide Presentation
8.5.3.1.2 VEWFD Sensor and
Port Installation
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
8.5.3.1.2.3* Sensors or ports shall be
installed to monitor return air from the
space.
44. 44 Title of Slide Presentation
Staggered Layout of Sample
Ports/Sensors
• High-level sensors or ports
at 37.2 m2 (400 ft2) or less
• Low-level sensors or ports
at 37.2 m2 (400 ft2) or less
• Effective net coverage per sensor
or port is 18.6 m2 (200 ft2) or less
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
45. 45 Title of Slide Presentation
8.5.3.1.2.5* Minimum sensitivity settings
above ambient airborne levels for the
VEWFD systems installed shall be:
1. Alert condition:
a. Air-sampling systems: 0.2% per foot obs.
*(effective sensitivity at each port)
b. Spot-type sensors: 0.2% per foot obs.
2. Alarm condition:
a. Air-sampling systems: 1.0% per foot obs.
*(effective sensitivity at each port)
b. Spot-type sensors: 1.0% per foot obs.
Chapter 8: VEWFD Levels
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
46. 46 Title of Slide Presentation
Chapter 8: VEWFD Levels
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
8.5.3.1.2.6 Maximum transport time from
the most remote port to the detection
unit of an air-sampling system shall not
exceed 60 seconds.
47. 47 Title of Slide Presentation
Chapter 8: EWFD Levels
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
Levels for the EWFD systems installed
shall be as follows:
• 8.5.3.2.1.3 The minimum alarm
sensitivity setting at the sensor or port
used for EWFD in telecommunications
equipment areas shall be 1.5% per foot
• 8.5.3.2.1.4 Maximum transport time
from the most remote port to the
detection unit of an air-sampling system
shall be a maximum of 90 seconds.
48. 48 Title of Slide Presentation
8.7.2* Design and Installation
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
Where provided, smoke management
systems shall be designed, installed, and
acceptance tested in accordance with
accepted engineering practice
49. 49 Title of Slide Presentation
8.5.3.1.2.3* Sensors or ports shall be
installed to monitor return air from the
space.
a) Where stand-alone packaged HVAC units
are installed, sensors or ports shall be
installed where return air is brought back
to the unit.
b) Sensors or ports shall be installed such
that each covers no greater than 0.4 m2
(4 ft2) of the return air opening.
NFPA classifies air exchange area as:
• Medium – 6 air exchanges per hour
• High – 12 air exchanges per hour
NFPA 76: Fire Protection of Telecom Facilities
50. 50 Title of Slide Presentation
8.2* Automatic Detection
Systems. Automatic detection
equipment shall be installed to
provide early warning of fire. The
equipment used shall be a listed
smoke detection–type system and
shall be installed and maintained in
accordance with NFPA 72, National
Fire Alarm Code.
NFPA 75 Summary
Click icon for
Code Details.
51. 51 Title of Slide Presentation
200 sq ft required spacing in room
and sub-floor (VEWFD)
400 sq ft (EWFD)
4 sq ft spacing at return air registers
• 0.2% (Alert) & 1.0% (Alarm) Minimum
Sensitivity (VEWFD) 1.5% (Alarm)
Minimum Sensitivity (EWFD)
• 60 second maximum transport times
(VEWFD) 90 second (EWFD) / 120
second (SFD)
• Normal NFPA 72 requirements for
Standard Fire Detection (SFD)
NFPA 76 Summary
Click icon for
Code Details.
52. 52 Title of Slide Presentation
EN 54 – 20
Classification of Sensitivity
53. 53 Title of Slide Presentation
EN 54 – 20
VDE 0833 – 2: At least Class B
for High – ceiling Applications
54. 54 Title of Slide Presentation
EN 54 – 20
It is not the detector class that
is the critical factor, but the class
of the project design itself
55. 55 Title of Slide Presentation
What is an Aspirating Smoke Detector (ASD)?
Why Aspirating Smoke Detection?
Why FAAST?
Is Multi Pipe ASD actually better than a Single
Pipe ASD?
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for ASD?
What’s the ROADMAP for FAAST?
56. 56 Title of Slide Presentation
Is Multi Pipe ASD actually better
than Single Pipe ASD?
57. 57 Title of Slide Presentation
Is Multi pipe ASD better than Single Pipe?
Not Always!!!!
Single Pipe ASD total Maximum Pipe Length = 100 meters
Four Pipe ASD total Maximum Pipe Length = 200 m
Hence,
In terms of area covered
1 No. Four Pipe ASD = 2 No. Single Pipe ASDs
Let’s understand using a Scenario….
58. 58 Title of Slide Presentation
Is Multi pipe ASD better than Single Pipe?
70 meters
10 Meters
Dimensions: 10 X10 X 70 meters (H X W X L)
No. of Four pipe units required = 1
No. of One pipe units required = 2
Unit Cost of Four Pipe unit with pipe addressability = USD 13K
Unit Cost of one pipe unit = USD 5K
Hence total cost of units with one pipe System = 10K
59. 59 Title of Slide Presentation
Is Multi pipe ASD better than Single Pipe?
It does not END here:
Advantage of using a single pipe system Vs four pipe system
Incase if a four pipe system breaks down because of any reason, your
larger area goes down, as compared to a single pipe system in which
case smaller area is affected.
60. 60 Title of Slide Presentation
What is an Aspirating Smoke Detector (ASD)?
Why Aspirating Smoke Detection?
Why FAAST?
Is Multi Pipe ASD actually better than a Single Pipe
ASD?
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for ASD?
What’s the ROADMAP for FAAST?
61. 61 Title of Slide Presentation
Is it really difficult to design a
BOQ for FASST?
62. 62 Title of Slide Presentation
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for FAAST?
Not Really!!!
• Less than 15 SKUs in the Price list
• Unit with inbuilt Filter, Ethernet port,
ModBus Interface, Display LEDs, etc, hence no
extra SKUs required.
• Lets create a BOQ and see for ourselves
63. 63 Title of Slide Presentation
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for FAAST?
Not Really!!!
• Less than 15 SKUs in the Price list
• Unit with inbuilt Filter, Ethernet port,
ModBus Interface, Display LEDs, etc, hence no
extra SKUs required.
• Lets create a BOQ and see for ourselves
64. 64 Title of Slide Presentation
70 meters
10 Meters
Dimensions: 10 X10 X 70 meters (H X W X L)
Let’s consider the same old scenario.
Above are the dimensions of a work shop. Customer wants
aspiration detection at the ceiling level above cable trays.
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for FAAST?
65. 65 Title of Slide Presentation
What is an Aspirating Smoke Detector (ASD)?
Why Aspirating Smoke Detection?
Why FAAST?
Is Multi Pipe ASD actually better than a Single Pipe
ASD?
Is it really difficult to design a BOQ for ASD?
What’s the ROADMAP for FAAST?
66. 66 Title of Slide Presentation
What is the ROADMAP for
FAAST?
67. 67 Title of Slide Presentation
Roadmap
2013
Intelligent/Modbus
FAAST
2012
FAAST LT
2014
FAAST XL
2015
FAAST XS
Continuous
Here we can see the typical progression of a fire event in four stages.
The first stage, the incipient stage, is when smoldering smoke is emitted before flames are present. The smoke level at this stage is typically very low and in some cases not visible to the eye.
In the second stage the smoke is clearly visible and conventional detection techniques are initiated.
Then flames are visible which accelerates the fire to the fourth stage where heat detection initiates (and suppression is released).
The entire principle of aspirating smoke detection is to get an alarm in the very first stage of fire to initiate response activity to ensure the fire does not progress to the later stages. ASD effectively “buys time”. ASD buys time for early response measures to arrest fire development.
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One code that applies to aspirating smoke detectors is NFPA 72, the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code. This code advises smoke detector spacing in high air movement areas. At a basic level, the code recommends that the standard coverage area for fire detection devices has to be reduced when installed in areas with high air flow and movement.
Another code, NFPA 75, the Standard for Protection of Information Technology Equipment, offers a prescriptive and performance-based approach with aspirating smoke detection, and with smoke detection in general, that requires automatic detection for early warning of fire.
NFPA 76, Standard for Protection of Telecommunication Facilities, is another prescriptive and performance-based approach that actually defines the levels of protection required for Very Early Warning Fire Detection, Early Warning Fire Detection, and Standard Detection. In addition, it defines the detector or port spacing requirements, the average coverage, and also the recommended sensitivity or transport time from sensing points back to the actual sensing device.
For example, for Very Early Warning Fire Detection, the area of coverage is reduced to 200 square feet per sampling point or detector. Whereas for Early Warning Fire Detection, coverage is 400 square feet per sampling point or detector.