This document discusses a framework for improving access to virtual reality (VR) environments for citizens with disabilities. It proposes techniques ranging from simple additions to VRML files to scripts that can aid in creating more accessible VR worlds. These techniques aim to improve the usability and accessibility of VR technologies for people with sensory, physical, or cognitive impairments. The framework also provides initial authoring strategies to help make VRML content more accessible. The goal is to leverage VR to enhance the quality of life and independence of citizens with disabilities.
The document describes an integrated speech-based perception system for an assistive robotic bathing system. The system uses speech recognition with modules like voice activity detection and beamforming to achieve robust communication with the user. It also uses a depth camera for motion planning of the robotic manipulator. The system can be adapted to a user's preferences and needs through spoken commands. It was experimentally tested with different users and shown to successfully execute bathing scenarios.
Mobile Assistive Technologies for the Visually BlindIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on mobile assistive technologies for the visually impaired. It discusses how mobile devices like smartphones are being made more accessible through non-visual interfaces using audio, haptics, gestures, etc. Examples described include eyes-free interfaces that use 3D sound and gestures instead of a screen, and touchscreen interfaces that provide audio feedback to navigate without vision. The document emphasizes the importance of involving visually impaired users in developing these technologies to ensure they meet real needs and are easy to use.
Mobile Augmented Teleguidance Based Safety Navigation Concept For Senior Citi...Vadim Kramar
The Mobile Augmented Teleguidance-based Safety Navigation Concept for Senior Citizens article published by the Journal of Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences (№2, 2012)
iWalker: Toward a Rollator-Mounted Wayfinding System for the ElderlyVladimir Kulyukin
Research on intelligent walkers aims at helping
elderly individuals to maintain their independence in familiar
and unfamiliar environments. Several walkers have been
developed by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and
the University of Pittsburgh. This article contributes to this
research venue by describing the design and initial evaluations
of iWalker, a multi-sensor rollator-mounted wayfinding system
for the elderly. The primary difference of the proposed
navigation aid from other intelligent walkers is that iWalker is
assumed to operate in a smart world (SW), a physical space
equipped with embedded sensors. By integrating inexpensive
sensors into the environment, the cost and complexity of the
walker can be reduced.
Communication among blind, deaf and dumb PeopleIJAEMSJORNAL
Now-a-days Science and Technology have made the human world so easy but still some physically and visually challenged people suffer from communication with others. In this project, we are going to propose a new system prototype called communication among Blind, deaf and dumb people .This will helps the disabled people to overcome their difficulties in communicating with some other people with disabilities or normal people. The blind people will communicate through the speakers, the deaf and dumb people will see through it and reply through typing in a terminal .These are all done as an application , so that will be easily understand by the people with disabilities.
Real time hand gesture recognition system for dynamic applicationsijujournal
Virtual environments have always been considered as a means for more visceral and efficient human computer interaction by a diversified range of applications. The spectrum of applications includes analysis of complex scientific data, medical training, military simulation, phobia therapy and virtual prototyping.
Evolution of ubiquitous computing, current user interaction approaches with keyboard, mouse and pen are
not sufficient for the still widening spectrum of Human computer interaction. Gloves and sensor based trackers are unwieldy, constraining and uncomfortable to use. Due to the limitation of these devices the useable command set based diligences is also limited. Direct use of hands as an input device is an
innovative method for providing natural Human Computer Interaction which has its inheritance from textbased interfaces through 2D graphical-based interfaces, multimedia-supported interfaces, to full-fledged multi-participant Virtual Environment (VE) systems. Conceiving a future era of human-computer
interaction with the implementations of 3D application where the user may be able to move and rotate objects simply by moving and rotating his hand - all without help of any input device.
Real time hand gesture recognition system for dynamic applicationsijujournal
Virtual environments have always been considered as a means for more visceral and efficient human computer interaction by a diversified range of applications. The spectrum of applications includes analysis of complex scientific data, medical training, military simulation, phobia therapy and virtual prototyping. Evolution of ubiquitous computing, current user interaction approaches with keyboard, mouse and pen are not sufficient for the still widening spectrum of Human computer interaction. Gloves and sensor based trackers are unwieldy, constraining and uncomfortable to use. Due to the limitation of these devices the useable command set based diligences is also limited. Direct use of hands as an input device is an innovative method for providing natural Human Computer Interaction which has its inheritance from textbased interfaces through 2D graphical-based interfaces, multimedia supported interfaces, to full-fledged multi-participant Virtual Environment (VE) systems. Conceiving a future era of human-computer interaction with the implementations of 3D application where the user may be able to move and rotate objects simply by moving and rotating his hand - all without help of any input device. The research effort centralizes on the efforts of implementing an application that employs computer vision algorithms and gesture recognition techniques which in turn results in developing a low cost interface device for interacting with objects in virtual environment using hand gestures. The prototype architecture of the application comprises of a central computational module that applies the camshift technique for tracking of hands and its gestures. Haar like technique has been utilized as a classifier that is creditworthy for locating hand position and classifying gesture. The patterning of gestures has been done for recognition by mapping the number of defects that is formed in the hand with the assigned gestures. The virtual objects are produced using Open GL library. This hand gesture recognition technique aims to substitute the use of mouse for interaction with the virtual objects. This will be useful to promote controlling applications like virtual games, browsing images etc in virtual environment using hand gestures.
Hooked on Telehealth for Occupational TherapyDona Anderson
This document discusses using telehealth technologies like telemedicine and telerehabilitation to promote health and community reintegration for people living with spinal cord injuries and other disabilities. It highlights how broadband internet access and technologies can help overcome isolation through virtual support groups, education, and remote rehabilitation services. The document presents examples of using videoconferencing for remote occupational therapy evaluations and treatment in clients' homes. It also raises questions about how Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center can promote digital literacy and internet access to better utilize eHealth technologies for their patients.
The document describes an integrated speech-based perception system for an assistive robotic bathing system. The system uses speech recognition with modules like voice activity detection and beamforming to achieve robust communication with the user. It also uses a depth camera for motion planning of the robotic manipulator. The system can be adapted to a user's preferences and needs through spoken commands. It was experimentally tested with different users and shown to successfully execute bathing scenarios.
Mobile Assistive Technologies for the Visually BlindIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on mobile assistive technologies for the visually impaired. It discusses how mobile devices like smartphones are being made more accessible through non-visual interfaces using audio, haptics, gestures, etc. Examples described include eyes-free interfaces that use 3D sound and gestures instead of a screen, and touchscreen interfaces that provide audio feedback to navigate without vision. The document emphasizes the importance of involving visually impaired users in developing these technologies to ensure they meet real needs and are easy to use.
Mobile Augmented Teleguidance Based Safety Navigation Concept For Senior Citi...Vadim Kramar
The Mobile Augmented Teleguidance-based Safety Navigation Concept for Senior Citizens article published by the Journal of Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences (№2, 2012)
iWalker: Toward a Rollator-Mounted Wayfinding System for the ElderlyVladimir Kulyukin
Research on intelligent walkers aims at helping
elderly individuals to maintain their independence in familiar
and unfamiliar environments. Several walkers have been
developed by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and
the University of Pittsburgh. This article contributes to this
research venue by describing the design and initial evaluations
of iWalker, a multi-sensor rollator-mounted wayfinding system
for the elderly. The primary difference of the proposed
navigation aid from other intelligent walkers is that iWalker is
assumed to operate in a smart world (SW), a physical space
equipped with embedded sensors. By integrating inexpensive
sensors into the environment, the cost and complexity of the
walker can be reduced.
Communication among blind, deaf and dumb PeopleIJAEMSJORNAL
Now-a-days Science and Technology have made the human world so easy but still some physically and visually challenged people suffer from communication with others. In this project, we are going to propose a new system prototype called communication among Blind, deaf and dumb people .This will helps the disabled people to overcome their difficulties in communicating with some other people with disabilities or normal people. The blind people will communicate through the speakers, the deaf and dumb people will see through it and reply through typing in a terminal .These are all done as an application , so that will be easily understand by the people with disabilities.
Real time hand gesture recognition system for dynamic applicationsijujournal
Virtual environments have always been considered as a means for more visceral and efficient human computer interaction by a diversified range of applications. The spectrum of applications includes analysis of complex scientific data, medical training, military simulation, phobia therapy and virtual prototyping.
Evolution of ubiquitous computing, current user interaction approaches with keyboard, mouse and pen are
not sufficient for the still widening spectrum of Human computer interaction. Gloves and sensor based trackers are unwieldy, constraining and uncomfortable to use. Due to the limitation of these devices the useable command set based diligences is also limited. Direct use of hands as an input device is an
innovative method for providing natural Human Computer Interaction which has its inheritance from textbased interfaces through 2D graphical-based interfaces, multimedia-supported interfaces, to full-fledged multi-participant Virtual Environment (VE) systems. Conceiving a future era of human-computer
interaction with the implementations of 3D application where the user may be able to move and rotate objects simply by moving and rotating his hand - all without help of any input device.
Real time hand gesture recognition system for dynamic applicationsijujournal
Virtual environments have always been considered as a means for more visceral and efficient human computer interaction by a diversified range of applications. The spectrum of applications includes analysis of complex scientific data, medical training, military simulation, phobia therapy and virtual prototyping. Evolution of ubiquitous computing, current user interaction approaches with keyboard, mouse and pen are not sufficient for the still widening spectrum of Human computer interaction. Gloves and sensor based trackers are unwieldy, constraining and uncomfortable to use. Due to the limitation of these devices the useable command set based diligences is also limited. Direct use of hands as an input device is an innovative method for providing natural Human Computer Interaction which has its inheritance from textbased interfaces through 2D graphical-based interfaces, multimedia supported interfaces, to full-fledged multi-participant Virtual Environment (VE) systems. Conceiving a future era of human-computer interaction with the implementations of 3D application where the user may be able to move and rotate objects simply by moving and rotating his hand - all without help of any input device. The research effort centralizes on the efforts of implementing an application that employs computer vision algorithms and gesture recognition techniques which in turn results in developing a low cost interface device for interacting with objects in virtual environment using hand gestures. The prototype architecture of the application comprises of a central computational module that applies the camshift technique for tracking of hands and its gestures. Haar like technique has been utilized as a classifier that is creditworthy for locating hand position and classifying gesture. The patterning of gestures has been done for recognition by mapping the number of defects that is formed in the hand with the assigned gestures. The virtual objects are produced using Open GL library. This hand gesture recognition technique aims to substitute the use of mouse for interaction with the virtual objects. This will be useful to promote controlling applications like virtual games, browsing images etc in virtual environment using hand gestures.
Hooked on Telehealth for Occupational TherapyDona Anderson
This document discusses using telehealth technologies like telemedicine and telerehabilitation to promote health and community reintegration for people living with spinal cord injuries and other disabilities. It highlights how broadband internet access and technologies can help overcome isolation through virtual support groups, education, and remote rehabilitation services. The document presents examples of using videoconferencing for remote occupational therapy evaluations and treatment in clients' homes. It also raises questions about how Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center can promote digital literacy and internet access to better utilize eHealth technologies for their patients.
The growing interest of Augmented Reality (AR) together with the renaissance of
Virtual Reality (VR) has opened new approaches and techniques on how professionals interact with medical imagery, plan, train and perform surgeries and also help people with special needs in Rehabilitation tasks. Indeed, many medical specialties already rely on 2D and 3D image data for diagnosis, surgical planning, surgical navigation, medical education or patient-clinician communication.
However, the vast majority of current medical interfaces and interaction techniques continue
unchanged, while the most innovative solutions have not unleashed the full potential of VR and
AR. This is probably because extending conventional workstations to accommodate VR and AR
interaction paradigms is not free of challenges. Notably, VR and AR-based workstations,
besides having to render complex anatomical data in interactive frame rates, must promote
proper anatomical insight, boost visual memory through seamless visual collaboration between
professionals, free interaction from being seated at a desk (e.g., using mouse and
keyboard) to adopt non-stationary postures and freely walk within a workspace, and must also
support a fluid exchange of image data and 3D models as this fosters interesting discussions
to solve clinical cases. Moreover, VR and AR-based techniques must also be designed
according to good human-computer interaction principles since it is well known that medical
professionals can be resistant to changes in their workflow. In this course, we will survey recent approaches to healthcare, including diagnosis, surgical training, planning, and followup as well as AR/MR/VR tools for patient rehabilitation. We discuss challenges, techniques, and principles in applying Extended Reality in these contexts and outline opportunities for future research. References: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3359418 This course was also presented in Toronto in two additional talks.
Hand Gesture Recognition System for Human-Computer Interaction with Web-Camijsrd.com
This paper represents a comparative study of exiting hand gesture recognition systems and gives the new approach for the gesture recognition which is easy cheaper and alternative of input devices like mouse with static and dynamic hand gestures, for interactive computer applications. Despite the increase in the attention of such systems there are still certain limitations in literature. Most applications require different constraints like having distinct lightning conditions, usage of a specific camera, making the user wear a multi-coloured glove or need lots of training data. The use of hand gestures provides an attractive alternative to cumbersome interface devices for human-computer interaction (HCI). This interface is simple enough to be run using an ordinary webcam and requires little training.
IRJET- Navigation and Camera Reading System for Visually ImpairedIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed navigation and camera reading system to help visually impaired people. It uses computer vision techniques like object detection and depth perception to navigate without collisions and detect different object types and distances. It also implements a navigation feature to guide the user to their destination based on their input. The system aims to provide multi-feature, high accuracy navigation assistance by processing images and using digital image processing techniques. It analyzes images to identify objects, compute distances and directions to navigate and read text using optical character recognition and text-to-speech synthesis.
This document summarizes a survey paper on hand gesture recognition using color hex matrices and hidden Markov models. It discusses limitations of current vision-based and data glove-based recognition methods and proposes a solution using a webcam to capture hand images, convert them to RGB matrices, and recognize gestures by comparing changes in the matrices over time using hidden Markov models. The method aims to provide low-cost real-time hand gesture recognition using commonly available hardware and software.
2011 Transportation Research Board Conference - Evaluating the Effectiveness ...Sean Barbeau
The USF Florida Mental Health Institute performed the first research study which examined the actual impact of TAD on the bus riding behavior of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Master’s student Arica Bolechala’s thesis demonstrated that when the participants used TAD, they were always successful in exiting the bus at the correct location. When the participants did not use TAD, the individuals were not able to exit the bus at the correct bus stop. Bolechala’s work was presented at the 2011 TRB Conference in January in Washington, D.C. (this presentation) and the 2011 Applied Behavior Analysis International 37th Annual Conference in Denver, CO in May 2011.
TRB 2011 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Travel Assistance DeviceSean Barbeau
Independence for individuals with disabilities can be facilitated through the use of devices that have been created and adapted for these individuals. Research regarding the use of technology to afford independence to those with disabilities is growing as new electronic devices are created. One such device is the Travel Assistance Device (TAD), a software application for mobile phones which provides real-time navigation guidance to public transportation riders. TAD has undergone technology proof-of-concept testing, which determined that TAD could provide timely prompts to transit riders at the programmed locations. The purpose of this research study was to determine whether the prompts given by TAD would exhibit stimulus control over the participant’s behavior of pulling the cord to stop the bus at the appropriate time and exiting the bus at the appropriate stop. TAD was evaluated in an ABAB design with three adults with mental retardation. Results show favorable outcomes for the 3 participants who were able to pull the bus cord at the appropriate stops and exit the bus only when TAD delivered prompts.
Presented at the National Academy of Sciences’ Transportation Research Board 90th Annual Meeting.
Read the entire paper here:
http://bit.ly/Bolechala-EvaluatingTAD-TRB2011
The document discusses gesture-based computing as an alternative to mouse input for human-computer interaction. It proposes a novel approach for implementing a real-time gesture recognition system capable of understanding commands based on analyzing the principal contour and fingertips of hand gestures. Vision-based gesture recognition techniques are discussed that do not require additional devices for users to interact with computers through natural hand motions.
IEA2021 pre-print proceeding "A Human-Centered Design Procedure for Conceptualization Using Virtual Reality Prototyping Applied in an Inflight Lavatory"
AN APPLICATION OF PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS OF HIGH SCHOOL BY USING AUGMENTED REALITYijseajournal
There has been done little research to validate the utility and usability of virtual and augmented reality
environments. The evaluation of usability of these new technologies is very important to design systems that
are more intuitive than a traditional method. Such an evaluation is also important for future development
of applications that can gain from this new technology. The augmented reality (AR) is a technology that
embedded virtual object (video, picture and 3D object) to the user view the real world. The combination of
AR technology with the educational content creates new type of automated applications and acts to
enhance the effectiveness and attractiveness of teaching and learning for students in real life scenarios. The
study aims to improve the teaching methods used in secondary school by employing modern educational
technology and thus assess the effectiveness of AR apps in teaching students the physics experiments.
Therefore, in this study we took the challenge of adapting this technology to facilitate physics subject in
secondary school.
This document provides a comprehensive review of vision-based hand gesture recognition technology. It discusses different approaches to vision-based hand gesture recognition including appearance-based and model-based approaches. Appearance-based approaches model gestures based on image properties and views, while model-based approaches use 3D models to represent hand posture. The document also reviews several papers on specific hand gesture recognition systems and compares their segmentation methods, feature extraction techniques, representations, and classification algorithms. Finally, it discusses applications of vision-based hand gesture recognition including as an alternative to touchscreens and in areas like sign language recognition, gaming, and robot control.
Touch is one of the most common forms of sign language used in oral communication. It is most commonly used by deaf and dumb people who have difficulty hearing or speaking. Communication between them or ordinary people. Various sign-language programs have been developed by many manufacturers around the world, but they are relatively flexible and affordable for end users. Therefore, this paper has presented software that introduces a type of system that can automatically detect sign language to help deaf and mute people communicate better with other people or ordinary people. Pattern recognition and hand recognition are developing fields of research. Being an integral part of meaningless hand-to-hand communication plays a major role in our daily lives. The handwriting system gives us a new, natural, easy-to-use communication system with a computer that is very common to humans. Considering the similarity of the human condition with four fingers and one thumb, the software aims to introduce a real-time hand recognition system based on the acquisition of some of the structural features such as position, mass centroid, finger position, thumb instead of raised or folded finger.
“Spindex” (Speech Index) Enhances Menus on Touch Screen Devices with Tapping,...abhishek07887
The document describes a study that investigated how "spindex" (speech index) auditory cues can enhance auditory menus on touchscreen smartphones. The study evaluated navigation of a 150-song menu using tapping, wheeling, or flicking gestures with or without visual display and with or without spindex cues. Results showed lower target search times and subjective workload with spindex compared to speech alone, for all input gestures and visual conditions. Spindex was also rated subjectively higher than plain speech.
Human Computer Interaction Based HEMD Using Hand GestureIJAEMSJORNAL
Hand gesture based Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) is one of the most normal and spontaneous ways to communicate between people and apparatus to present a hand gesture recognition system with Webcam, Operates robustly in unrestrained environment and is insensible to hand variations and distortions. This classification consists of two major modules, that is, hand detection and gesture recognition. Diverse from conventional vision-based hand gesture recognition methods that use color-markers for hand detection, this system uses both the depth and color information from Webcam to detect the hand shape, which ensures the sturdiness in disorderly environments. Assurance its heftiness to input variations or the distortions caused by the low resolution of webcam, to apply a novel shape distance metric called Handle Earth Mover's Distance (HEMD) for hand gesture recognition. Consequently, in this paper concept operates accurately and efficiently. The intend of this paper is to expand robust and resourceful hand segmentation algorithm where three algorithms for hand segmentation using different color spaces with required thresholds have were utilized. Hand tracking and segmentation algorithm is found to be most resourceful to handle the challenge of apparition based organization such as skin dye detection. Noise may hold, for a moment, in the segmented image due to lively background. Tracking algorithm was developed and applied on the segmented hand contour for elimination of unnecessary background noise
The Blind Leading the Blind: Toward Collaborative Online Route Information Ma...Vladimir Kulyukin
The long-term objective of our project is to discover the fundamental
principles underlying the collaborative production,
sharing, and management of route information by travelers
with visual impairments. The specific research hypothesis is
two-fold: 1) people with varied levels of vision loss and orientation
and mobility (O&M) skills will be able to form online
social networks that collaboratively manage large route
information collections for different geographic areas, and 2)
members of such networks will be able to successfully travel
through a variety of previously unknown indoor and outdoor
environments of varied complexity when provided with online
verbal route directions referencing landmarks and path
integration information salient to their particular vision and
skill level. In this paper, we report on the initial stage of our
project: an online survey whose objectives are to collect samples
of route descriptions from travelers with visual impairments
and to do the initial profiling of the target population.
The data collected so far provide valuable insights into what
travelers with visual impairments need to know about their
environments in order to travel independently and how they
may communicate that information to their fellow travelers in
the future.
Accretion Profile of the Rosy Barb, Puntius Conchonius (Hamilton- Buchanan, 1...IOSR Journals
Present study was made on 50 freshwater wild Puntius conchonius (Hamilton - Buchanan) of
various sizes ranging from a total length of 5.2 cm to 7.6 cm and weighing 1.6 gm to 7.1 gm. They were
sampled from different lentic and lotic water bodies of Nagaland, to investigate the weight-length relationship.
Each fish was measured and weight was taken. Log transformed regressions were used to test the growth trend. It was observed that growth in weight is not proportional to the cube of its length. Coefficient of correlation values for both male and female as well as for mixed population were found to be highly significant.
Modelling and static analysis of femur bone by using different implant materialsIOSR Journals
Femur is leg bone of the human body Undergoing more deformation. Biomechanics is the theory of
how tissues, cells, muscles, bones, organs and the motion of them and how their form and function are
regulated by basic mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to create a model of real proximal human
femur bone and the behavior of femur bone is analyzed in ANSYS under physiological load conditions.
A finite element model of bones is generated by using CT scan data are being widely used to make
realistic investigations on the mechanical behavior of bone structures. . Orthopedic implantation is done in case
of failure. Before implantation it is necessary to analyze the perfectness in case of its material property, size and
shape, surface treatment, load resistance and chances of failure. Analysis is done for the stresses formed in
different femur implant materials under static loading condition using ANSYS software.
Analysis is done on different materials like structural steel, and Ti-6Al-4V implant materials. Since
each femur carries 1/2 the body weight , analysis is done for 550kg,650kg, 750kg load, including the cases of
patient carrying certain weight. And based on the analysis it can be concluded that, while comparing these two
implant materials Ti-6Al-4V gave less deformation on static load conditions. TI-6AL4V is a low density
material, which has excellent bio compatible and mechanical properties, it is ideal for the use of an implant in surgeries. Finally the success of implantation depends on implant material and size, implantation method and
its handling by the patient
This document summarizes an experimental study that used the Taguchi method to optimize the parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine operating on blends of jatropha biodiesel and diesel fuel. The parameters investigated were load, compression ratio, and blend proportion. The goal was to minimize brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The results of the Taguchi experiment identified that a 0% biodiesel blend, 18 compression ratio, and 10kg load produced the lowest BSFC. Engine load had the greatest influence on performance, while blend proportion had the least influence. A confirmation experiment using the optimal settings showed results close to predicted values.
This document summarizes research on improving image classification results using neural networks. It compares common image classification methods like support vector machines (SVM) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN). It then evaluates the performance of multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks on image classification. The document tests various configurations of MLP and RBF networks on a dataset containing 2310 images across 7 classes. It finds that a MLP network with two hidden layers of 10 neurons each achieves the best results, with an average accuracy of 98.84%. This is significantly higher than the 84.47% average accuracy of RBF networks and outperforms KNN classification as well. The research concludes that neural
This document discusses power transformer differential relay inrush restraint setting applications. It describes how differential relays use harmonic restraint to block tripping during transformer energization due to magnetizing inrush currents, which contain high levels of second harmonic current. The document outlines criteria for setting transformer differential relays, including using 15% of the second harmonic and 35% of the fifth harmonic for the inrush restraint current setting. It also describes simulating a power transformer system using software to examine harmonic levels and achieve suitable inrush restraint settings. The settings provide fast fault clearing while properly restraining for inrush events.
The document discusses vulnerabilities in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and proposes solutions to secure BGP. It begins by providing an overview of BGP, describing how it exchanges routing information but lacks security mechanisms. This makes it vulnerable to attacks like prefix hijacking. The document then proposes using X.509 certificates to authenticate BGP speakers and their address spaces. It also suggests applying IPsec to secure communications. The proposed solution authenticates BGP speakers by verifying certificates before establishing sessions, aiming to overcome BGP vulnerabilities with low computational cost.
Depth Estimation and Source Location of Magnetic Anomalies from a Basement Co...IOSR Journals
Source locations and depths to magnetic contacts were estimated from the total intensity magnetic
field of an area of 3,025.25 square kilometres on geographical latitude 7o00' N to N o ' 7 30 and longitude
E o ' 3 00 to E o ' 3 30 within Abeokuta area, using local wavenumber method. This study was carried out using
digitised airborne magnetic data of basement complex formation. Structural interpretation of the magnetic data
was achieved through applying advanced processing techniques that provide automatic delineation and depth
estimation of the magnetic structures. Local wavenumber method was used for locating and estimating depth to
magnetic contact. The magnetic contact depth ranges from 0.145km to 2.692km.
The growing interest of Augmented Reality (AR) together with the renaissance of
Virtual Reality (VR) has opened new approaches and techniques on how professionals interact with medical imagery, plan, train and perform surgeries and also help people with special needs in Rehabilitation tasks. Indeed, many medical specialties already rely on 2D and 3D image data for diagnosis, surgical planning, surgical navigation, medical education or patient-clinician communication.
However, the vast majority of current medical interfaces and interaction techniques continue
unchanged, while the most innovative solutions have not unleashed the full potential of VR and
AR. This is probably because extending conventional workstations to accommodate VR and AR
interaction paradigms is not free of challenges. Notably, VR and AR-based workstations,
besides having to render complex anatomical data in interactive frame rates, must promote
proper anatomical insight, boost visual memory through seamless visual collaboration between
professionals, free interaction from being seated at a desk (e.g., using mouse and
keyboard) to adopt non-stationary postures and freely walk within a workspace, and must also
support a fluid exchange of image data and 3D models as this fosters interesting discussions
to solve clinical cases. Moreover, VR and AR-based techniques must also be designed
according to good human-computer interaction principles since it is well known that medical
professionals can be resistant to changes in their workflow. In this course, we will survey recent approaches to healthcare, including diagnosis, surgical training, planning, and followup as well as AR/MR/VR tools for patient rehabilitation. We discuss challenges, techniques, and principles in applying Extended Reality in these contexts and outline opportunities for future research. References: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3359418 This course was also presented in Toronto in two additional talks.
Hand Gesture Recognition System for Human-Computer Interaction with Web-Camijsrd.com
This paper represents a comparative study of exiting hand gesture recognition systems and gives the new approach for the gesture recognition which is easy cheaper and alternative of input devices like mouse with static and dynamic hand gestures, for interactive computer applications. Despite the increase in the attention of such systems there are still certain limitations in literature. Most applications require different constraints like having distinct lightning conditions, usage of a specific camera, making the user wear a multi-coloured glove or need lots of training data. The use of hand gestures provides an attractive alternative to cumbersome interface devices for human-computer interaction (HCI). This interface is simple enough to be run using an ordinary webcam and requires little training.
IRJET- Navigation and Camera Reading System for Visually ImpairedIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed navigation and camera reading system to help visually impaired people. It uses computer vision techniques like object detection and depth perception to navigate without collisions and detect different object types and distances. It also implements a navigation feature to guide the user to their destination based on their input. The system aims to provide multi-feature, high accuracy navigation assistance by processing images and using digital image processing techniques. It analyzes images to identify objects, compute distances and directions to navigate and read text using optical character recognition and text-to-speech synthesis.
This document summarizes a survey paper on hand gesture recognition using color hex matrices and hidden Markov models. It discusses limitations of current vision-based and data glove-based recognition methods and proposes a solution using a webcam to capture hand images, convert them to RGB matrices, and recognize gestures by comparing changes in the matrices over time using hidden Markov models. The method aims to provide low-cost real-time hand gesture recognition using commonly available hardware and software.
2011 Transportation Research Board Conference - Evaluating the Effectiveness ...Sean Barbeau
The USF Florida Mental Health Institute performed the first research study which examined the actual impact of TAD on the bus riding behavior of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Master’s student Arica Bolechala’s thesis demonstrated that when the participants used TAD, they were always successful in exiting the bus at the correct location. When the participants did not use TAD, the individuals were not able to exit the bus at the correct bus stop. Bolechala’s work was presented at the 2011 TRB Conference in January in Washington, D.C. (this presentation) and the 2011 Applied Behavior Analysis International 37th Annual Conference in Denver, CO in May 2011.
TRB 2011 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Travel Assistance DeviceSean Barbeau
Independence for individuals with disabilities can be facilitated through the use of devices that have been created and adapted for these individuals. Research regarding the use of technology to afford independence to those with disabilities is growing as new electronic devices are created. One such device is the Travel Assistance Device (TAD), a software application for mobile phones which provides real-time navigation guidance to public transportation riders. TAD has undergone technology proof-of-concept testing, which determined that TAD could provide timely prompts to transit riders at the programmed locations. The purpose of this research study was to determine whether the prompts given by TAD would exhibit stimulus control over the participant’s behavior of pulling the cord to stop the bus at the appropriate time and exiting the bus at the appropriate stop. TAD was evaluated in an ABAB design with three adults with mental retardation. Results show favorable outcomes for the 3 participants who were able to pull the bus cord at the appropriate stops and exit the bus only when TAD delivered prompts.
Presented at the National Academy of Sciences’ Transportation Research Board 90th Annual Meeting.
Read the entire paper here:
http://bit.ly/Bolechala-EvaluatingTAD-TRB2011
The document discusses gesture-based computing as an alternative to mouse input for human-computer interaction. It proposes a novel approach for implementing a real-time gesture recognition system capable of understanding commands based on analyzing the principal contour and fingertips of hand gestures. Vision-based gesture recognition techniques are discussed that do not require additional devices for users to interact with computers through natural hand motions.
IEA2021 pre-print proceeding "A Human-Centered Design Procedure for Conceptualization Using Virtual Reality Prototyping Applied in an Inflight Lavatory"
AN APPLICATION OF PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS OF HIGH SCHOOL BY USING AUGMENTED REALITYijseajournal
There has been done little research to validate the utility and usability of virtual and augmented reality
environments. The evaluation of usability of these new technologies is very important to design systems that
are more intuitive than a traditional method. Such an evaluation is also important for future development
of applications that can gain from this new technology. The augmented reality (AR) is a technology that
embedded virtual object (video, picture and 3D object) to the user view the real world. The combination of
AR technology with the educational content creates new type of automated applications and acts to
enhance the effectiveness and attractiveness of teaching and learning for students in real life scenarios. The
study aims to improve the teaching methods used in secondary school by employing modern educational
technology and thus assess the effectiveness of AR apps in teaching students the physics experiments.
Therefore, in this study we took the challenge of adapting this technology to facilitate physics subject in
secondary school.
This document provides a comprehensive review of vision-based hand gesture recognition technology. It discusses different approaches to vision-based hand gesture recognition including appearance-based and model-based approaches. Appearance-based approaches model gestures based on image properties and views, while model-based approaches use 3D models to represent hand posture. The document also reviews several papers on specific hand gesture recognition systems and compares their segmentation methods, feature extraction techniques, representations, and classification algorithms. Finally, it discusses applications of vision-based hand gesture recognition including as an alternative to touchscreens and in areas like sign language recognition, gaming, and robot control.
Touch is one of the most common forms of sign language used in oral communication. It is most commonly used by deaf and dumb people who have difficulty hearing or speaking. Communication between them or ordinary people. Various sign-language programs have been developed by many manufacturers around the world, but they are relatively flexible and affordable for end users. Therefore, this paper has presented software that introduces a type of system that can automatically detect sign language to help deaf and mute people communicate better with other people or ordinary people. Pattern recognition and hand recognition are developing fields of research. Being an integral part of meaningless hand-to-hand communication plays a major role in our daily lives. The handwriting system gives us a new, natural, easy-to-use communication system with a computer that is very common to humans. Considering the similarity of the human condition with four fingers and one thumb, the software aims to introduce a real-time hand recognition system based on the acquisition of some of the structural features such as position, mass centroid, finger position, thumb instead of raised or folded finger.
“Spindex” (Speech Index) Enhances Menus on Touch Screen Devices with Tapping,...abhishek07887
The document describes a study that investigated how "spindex" (speech index) auditory cues can enhance auditory menus on touchscreen smartphones. The study evaluated navigation of a 150-song menu using tapping, wheeling, or flicking gestures with or without visual display and with or without spindex cues. Results showed lower target search times and subjective workload with spindex compared to speech alone, for all input gestures and visual conditions. Spindex was also rated subjectively higher than plain speech.
Human Computer Interaction Based HEMD Using Hand GestureIJAEMSJORNAL
Hand gesture based Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) is one of the most normal and spontaneous ways to communicate between people and apparatus to present a hand gesture recognition system with Webcam, Operates robustly in unrestrained environment and is insensible to hand variations and distortions. This classification consists of two major modules, that is, hand detection and gesture recognition. Diverse from conventional vision-based hand gesture recognition methods that use color-markers for hand detection, this system uses both the depth and color information from Webcam to detect the hand shape, which ensures the sturdiness in disorderly environments. Assurance its heftiness to input variations or the distortions caused by the low resolution of webcam, to apply a novel shape distance metric called Handle Earth Mover's Distance (HEMD) for hand gesture recognition. Consequently, in this paper concept operates accurately and efficiently. The intend of this paper is to expand robust and resourceful hand segmentation algorithm where three algorithms for hand segmentation using different color spaces with required thresholds have were utilized. Hand tracking and segmentation algorithm is found to be most resourceful to handle the challenge of apparition based organization such as skin dye detection. Noise may hold, for a moment, in the segmented image due to lively background. Tracking algorithm was developed and applied on the segmented hand contour for elimination of unnecessary background noise
The Blind Leading the Blind: Toward Collaborative Online Route Information Ma...Vladimir Kulyukin
The long-term objective of our project is to discover the fundamental
principles underlying the collaborative production,
sharing, and management of route information by travelers
with visual impairments. The specific research hypothesis is
two-fold: 1) people with varied levels of vision loss and orientation
and mobility (O&M) skills will be able to form online
social networks that collaboratively manage large route
information collections for different geographic areas, and 2)
members of such networks will be able to successfully travel
through a variety of previously unknown indoor and outdoor
environments of varied complexity when provided with online
verbal route directions referencing landmarks and path
integration information salient to their particular vision and
skill level. In this paper, we report on the initial stage of our
project: an online survey whose objectives are to collect samples
of route descriptions from travelers with visual impairments
and to do the initial profiling of the target population.
The data collected so far provide valuable insights into what
travelers with visual impairments need to know about their
environments in order to travel independently and how they
may communicate that information to their fellow travelers in
the future.
Accretion Profile of the Rosy Barb, Puntius Conchonius (Hamilton- Buchanan, 1...IOSR Journals
Present study was made on 50 freshwater wild Puntius conchonius (Hamilton - Buchanan) of
various sizes ranging from a total length of 5.2 cm to 7.6 cm and weighing 1.6 gm to 7.1 gm. They were
sampled from different lentic and lotic water bodies of Nagaland, to investigate the weight-length relationship.
Each fish was measured and weight was taken. Log transformed regressions were used to test the growth trend. It was observed that growth in weight is not proportional to the cube of its length. Coefficient of correlation values for both male and female as well as for mixed population were found to be highly significant.
Modelling and static analysis of femur bone by using different implant materialsIOSR Journals
Femur is leg bone of the human body Undergoing more deformation. Biomechanics is the theory of
how tissues, cells, muscles, bones, organs and the motion of them and how their form and function are
regulated by basic mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to create a model of real proximal human
femur bone and the behavior of femur bone is analyzed in ANSYS under physiological load conditions.
A finite element model of bones is generated by using CT scan data are being widely used to make
realistic investigations on the mechanical behavior of bone structures. . Orthopedic implantation is done in case
of failure. Before implantation it is necessary to analyze the perfectness in case of its material property, size and
shape, surface treatment, load resistance and chances of failure. Analysis is done for the stresses formed in
different femur implant materials under static loading condition using ANSYS software.
Analysis is done on different materials like structural steel, and Ti-6Al-4V implant materials. Since
each femur carries 1/2 the body weight , analysis is done for 550kg,650kg, 750kg load, including the cases of
patient carrying certain weight. And based on the analysis it can be concluded that, while comparing these two
implant materials Ti-6Al-4V gave less deformation on static load conditions. TI-6AL4V is a low density
material, which has excellent bio compatible and mechanical properties, it is ideal for the use of an implant in surgeries. Finally the success of implantation depends on implant material and size, implantation method and
its handling by the patient
This document summarizes an experimental study that used the Taguchi method to optimize the parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine operating on blends of jatropha biodiesel and diesel fuel. The parameters investigated were load, compression ratio, and blend proportion. The goal was to minimize brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The results of the Taguchi experiment identified that a 0% biodiesel blend, 18 compression ratio, and 10kg load produced the lowest BSFC. Engine load had the greatest influence on performance, while blend proportion had the least influence. A confirmation experiment using the optimal settings showed results close to predicted values.
This document summarizes research on improving image classification results using neural networks. It compares common image classification methods like support vector machines (SVM) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN). It then evaluates the performance of multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks on image classification. The document tests various configurations of MLP and RBF networks on a dataset containing 2310 images across 7 classes. It finds that a MLP network with two hidden layers of 10 neurons each achieves the best results, with an average accuracy of 98.84%. This is significantly higher than the 84.47% average accuracy of RBF networks and outperforms KNN classification as well. The research concludes that neural
This document discusses power transformer differential relay inrush restraint setting applications. It describes how differential relays use harmonic restraint to block tripping during transformer energization due to magnetizing inrush currents, which contain high levels of second harmonic current. The document outlines criteria for setting transformer differential relays, including using 15% of the second harmonic and 35% of the fifth harmonic for the inrush restraint current setting. It also describes simulating a power transformer system using software to examine harmonic levels and achieve suitable inrush restraint settings. The settings provide fast fault clearing while properly restraining for inrush events.
The document discusses vulnerabilities in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and proposes solutions to secure BGP. It begins by providing an overview of BGP, describing how it exchanges routing information but lacks security mechanisms. This makes it vulnerable to attacks like prefix hijacking. The document then proposes using X.509 certificates to authenticate BGP speakers and their address spaces. It also suggests applying IPsec to secure communications. The proposed solution authenticates BGP speakers by verifying certificates before establishing sessions, aiming to overcome BGP vulnerabilities with low computational cost.
Depth Estimation and Source Location of Magnetic Anomalies from a Basement Co...IOSR Journals
Source locations and depths to magnetic contacts were estimated from the total intensity magnetic
field of an area of 3,025.25 square kilometres on geographical latitude 7o00' N to N o ' 7 30 and longitude
E o ' 3 00 to E o ' 3 30 within Abeokuta area, using local wavenumber method. This study was carried out using
digitised airborne magnetic data of basement complex formation. Structural interpretation of the magnetic data
was achieved through applying advanced processing techniques that provide automatic delineation and depth
estimation of the magnetic structures. Local wavenumber method was used for locating and estimating depth to
magnetic contact. The magnetic contact depth ranges from 0.145km to 2.692km.
Ecological consequences of The Acid rainIOSR Journals
Acid rain affects each and every components of ecosystem. Acid rain also damages man-made materials and structures Acid rain is one of the most serious environmental problems emerged due to air pollution Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen and ozone to some extent are the primary causes of acid rain. These pollutants originate from human activities such as combustion of burnable waste, fossil fuels in thermal power plants and automobiles. These constituents interact with reactants present in the atmosphere and result into acid deposition Due to the interaction of these acids with other constituents of the atmosphere, protons are released causing increase in the soil acidity, lowering of soil pH mobilizes and leaches away nutrient cations and increases availability of toxic heavy metals. Such changes in the soil chemical characteristics reduce the soil fertility, which ultimately causes the negative impact on growth and productivity of forest trees and crop plants. Acid rain has also been reported in India. A rainfall of pH 3.5 was reported in Mumbai. The air pollution levels are steadily rising in the metropolitan cities like Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai. Acid rain problem in Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa and southern coastal India has been predicted to lead to infertile soil. Acid rain makes the water bodies acidic. The amphibians are also affected by acidification of water bodies .At low pH, many species of amphibians including frogs, toads and salamander are particularly sensitive. Indirect effect of acid rain on human health involves toxic heavy metals because these are liberated from soil when soil gets acidified. The most common heavy metals are Al, Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, Mn and Fe. These mobilized contaminants are dissolved in soil and water make their way to groundwater that is drunk by humans and contaminate the food (Fish, meat, and vegetables) eaten by humans .These heavy metals get accumulated in the body and resulted into various health problems like dry coughs, asthma, headache, eye, nose and throat irritations. Acid rain problem has been tackled to some extent in the developed world by reducing the emission of the gases causing acid rain.
Chebyshev Collocation Approach for a Continuous Formulation of Implicit Hybri...IOSR Journals
In this paper, an implicit one-step method for numerical solution of second order Initial Value
Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations has been developed by collocation and interpolation technique.
The one-step method was developed using Chebyshev polynomial as basis function and, the method was
augmented by the introduction of offstep points in order to bring about zero stability and upgrade the order of
consistency of the new method. An advantage of the derived continuous scheme is that it can produce several
outputs of solution at the off-grid points without requiring additional interpolation. Numerical examples are
presented to portray the applicability and the efficiency of the method.
Comparative Assessment of Two Thermodynamic Cycles of an aero-derivative Mari...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper explores the gas turbine potentials that are fully enhanced by the use of intercooling and
thermal recuperation as an engineering option available in the design of gas turbines and offered for marine
applications. It examines the off-design performance of two different cycle designs of a 25MW aero-derivative
engine by modelling and simulating each of them to operate under conditions other than those of their design
point. The simple cycle model consists of a single-spool dual shaft layout while the advanced model is
represented by an intercooled-recuperated cycle that runs on a dual-spool and is driven through a three shaft
configuration. In each case, the output shaft is coupled to a power turbine through which the propulsion power
may be transmitted to the propeller of the vessel to operate in a virtual marine environment. An off-design
performance simulation of both engines has been conducted in order to investigate and compare the effect of
ambient temperature variation during their part-load operation and particularly when subjected to a variety of
marine operating conditions. The study assesses the techno-economic impact of the complex design of the
advanced cycle over its simple cycle counterpart and demonstrates its potential for improved operating cost
through reduced fuel consumption as a significant step in the current drive for establishing the marine gas
turbine engine as a viable alternative to traditional prime movers in the ship propulsion industry.
Study of Various Histogram Equalization TechniquesIOSR Journals
Abstract: Histogram equalization (HE) works well on single channel images for contrast enhancement. However, the technique used is ineffective on multiple channel images. So, it is not suitable for consumer electronic products, where preserving the original brightness is necessary in order not to introduce unnecessary visual deterioration. Bi-histogram equalization (BHE) has been developed and it is analyzed mathematically.BHE separates the input image’s histogram into two, based on its mean before equalizing them independently so that it can preserve the original brightness up to certain extends. Recursive Mean-Separate Histogram Equalization (RMSHE) is another technique to provide better and scalable brightness preservation for gray scale and color images. While the separation is done only once in BHE, RMSHE performs the separation recursively based on their respective mean. It is analyzed mathematically that the output images mean brightness will converge to the input images mean brightness as the number of recursive mean separation increases. The recursive nature of RMSHE also allows scalable brightness preservation, which is very useful in consumer electronics. Finally a comparative study was made to analyze all the above methods using gray scale and color images. Keywords: Bi-histogram equalization, histogram equalization, scalable brightness preservation, recursive mean-separate
Isolation and Characterization of Thermostable Protease Producing Bacteria fr...IOSR Journals
This study is a search for potential thermostable protease producing strain. Among nine protease
producing strains screened from soap industry effluent, one was selected as promising thermostable protease
producer and identified as Bacillus subtilis. The activity of the protease produced by this organism is stable up
to 70ºC. The optimum yield was achieved after 48 hours of culture, at 65ºC with the pH 8.0. The maximum
protease activity was observed at 65ºC and at pH 8.0.
Half-metallic-ferrimagnetic Sr2CrWO6 and Sr2FeReO6 materials for room tempera...IOSR Journals
Complex perovskite-like materials which include magnetic transition elements have relevance due to
the technological perspectives in the spintronics industry. In this work, we report the studies of the electronic
and magnetic characterizations of Sr2CrWO6 and Sr2FeReO6 as spintronics materials at room temperature by
using the linearized muffin-tin orbitals (LMTO) method through the atomic-sphere approximation (ASA) within
the local spin density approximation (LSDA). The interchange-correlation potential was included through the
LSDA+U technique. The band structure results at room-temperature predict half-metallic ferrimagnetic ground
state for Sr2CrWO6 and Sr2FeReO6 with total magnetic moment of 1.878 μB and 3.184 μB per formula unit,
respectively, agreement with the previous theoretical and experimental results.
This document discusses testing and loss measurement techniques in optical fiber communication systems. It describes how optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) is commonly used to characterize optical fibers and locate faults by measuring backscattered light. OTDR can measure splice and connector losses, fiber quality, and reflectance. Other techniques mentioned include using a light source and power meter to check continuity and measure insertion loss. The document provides a table comparing the capabilities of different fiber testing equipment and concludes that both OTDR and optical loss test sets provide important loss measurement information to ensure healthy optical fiber communication.
This document describes a novel fractal reconfigurable multiband antenna designed for cognitive radio applications. The antenna consists of a triangular patch with triangular slots and switches integrated along the slots. By turning the switches on and off, the electrical lengths and current paths are varied, changing the antenna's resonant frequencies. Simulation results show the antenna can achieve frequencies from 1.6-12 GHz across 8 switching states. Measured return loss results validated the reconfigurable multiband performance, making the antenna suitable for cognitive radio frequency switching capabilities. The antenna is compact, low cost, and provides multiband operation with frequency agility using a simple switching technique.
This document reviews cryptography techniques to secure the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. It discusses various types of attacks on AODV like impersonation, denial of service, eavesdropping, black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. It then proposes using the RC6 cryptography algorithm to secure AODV by encrypting data packets and detecting and removing malicious nodes launching black hole attacks. Simulation results show that after applying RC6, the packet delivery ratio and throughput of AODV increase while delay decreases, improving the security and performance of the network under attack.
Experimental investigation on effect of different shaped steel fibers on comp...IOSR Journals
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation into the effect of different shaped steel fibers on the compressive strength of high-strength concrete. Steel fibers with hooked, flat, and waving shapes were added to M70 grade concrete at volumes of 0.5-4% to test compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. Compressive strength was found to increase with higher fiber volumes for all fiber shapes. The maximum increases in strength were 14.54% for waving fibers, 15.72% for flat fibers, and 10.74% for hooked fibers, all at a 4% fiber volume. In conclusion, compressive strength improved with fiber addition and was highest for flat fibers followed by waving then hooked fibers.
To Study The Viscometric Measurement Of Substituted-2-Diphenylbutanamide And ...IOSR Journals
Recently in this laboratory the viscometric measurement of 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl]-4-hydroxy piperidin-1-yl]-N, N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenylbutanamide[CPHDD] and (2S, 6R)-7-chloro -2, 4, 6-trimethoxy-6'-methyl-3H, 4'H-spiro[1-benzofuran 2, 1’-] cychohex-2-ene]-3,4'-dione[CTMBCD] were carried out at different percentage compositions of solvent to investigate the solute-solvent interactions of drugs with solvent and the effect of dilution of the solvent. The effects of various substituents were also investigated. The results obtained during this investigation gave detail information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs.
Modeling Of Flat Plate Collector by Using Hybrid TechniqueIOSR Journals
(SWH) are becoming increasingly attractive in sustainable development. Hence the Efforts continuously made here is to reduce their costs to make them more affordable. Solar energy has experienced a remarkable development in recent years because of cost reduction due to technological development as well as renewable energy scheme supported by the government. The process of using sun’s energy to heat water is not a new technology. (SWH) technology has improved a lot during the past century. The primary method of energy transport in solar energy from sun is electromagnetic radiation .This type of radiation coming from the Sun also depends on temperature. The Sun generates electromagnetic radiation in extensive span of wavelengths. However, most of the radiation is being sent out in the observable range due to its surface temperature. The amount of solar energy received in a particular region depends on the time of the day, the season of the year, the sky’s cloudiness, and how closeness of Earth’s equator. For modeling we utilized Genetic algorithm and for prediction we employed hybrid ABC and PSO techniques. Genetic algorithm is utilized in order to optimize the modeling technique by using the dataset collected.
“Relationship of Kinematic Variables with the Performance of Standing Broad J...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The purpose of investigation was to study the relationship of kinematics variables with the
performance of standing broad jump. Subjects were randomly selected from J.N.V. University, Jodhpur and
M.D.S. University, Ajmer. The criterion measure used for this study was the performance in standing broad
jump and selected kinematics variables. To analyze the raw data coefficient of correlation (r) were calculated
and results were compared with the help of Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique where level of significance
was set at .05.
This document discusses using virtual reality technology to help blind and visually impaired people. It reviews mobility systems that use sensors and haptic feedback to navigate obstacles. It also examines accessibility of e-learning, wearable finger-braille interfaces, audio/tactile computer games, and web-based information systems. The goal is to enhance computer skills and independent living for disabled individuals through innovative virtual reality techniques.
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a real-time sign language detector using computer vision and machine learning techniques. The researchers created a dataset of hand gestures for letters, numbers, and common signs in Indian Sign Language (ISL) using webcam photos. They used a pre-trained SSD MobileNet V2 model with transfer learning to classify the gestures with 70-80% accuracy. Their goal was to build a free and user-friendly app to help deaf and hard of hearing people communicate through automated sign language detection and translation, with the aim of closing communication gaps. The technology identifies selected ISL signs in low light and uncontrolled backgrounds using image processing and human movement classification algorithms.
AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED NAVIGATION AND...ijgca
Technological advancement has brought the masses unprecedented convenience, but unnoticed by many, a
population neglected through the age of technology has been the visually impaired population. The visually
impaired population has grown through ages with as much desire as everyone else to adventure but lack
the confidence and support to do so. Time has transported society to a new phase condensed in big data,
but to the visually impaired population, this quick-pace living lifestyle, along with the unpredictable nature
of natural disaster and COVID-19 pandemic, has dropped them deeper into a feeling of disconnection from
the society. Our application uses the global positioning system to support the visually impaired in
independent navigation, alerts them in face of natural disasters, and reminds them to sanitize their devices
during the COVID-19 pandemic
AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED NAVIGATION AND...ijgca
The document describes an intelligent system that uses geo-based positioning and machine learning to enhance navigation and provide disaster assistance for visually impaired users. It aims to 1) collect obstruction data during walks to predict frequencies at locations, 2) determine indoor/outdoor locations to send alerts during disasters, and 3) remind users to sanitize their device after a certain frequency. The system provides navigation assistance, disaster alerts, and COVID-19 reminders to promote independence for visually impaired users. It experiments with support vector machines and regression models to determine the best machine learning approach.
Low vision describes any diminished vision that is uncorrectable and disrupts visual tasks. Assistive technologies like CCTVs, magnifiers, and screen readers can help those with low vision lead independent lives by aiding reading, mobility, and computer use. Teachers report that assistive technologies are very important for enhancing reading/writing skills and allowing equal communication for students with visual impairments.
Virtual Reality as a Promising Tool for Autism Interventionijtsrd
This paper explores how Virtual Reality VR systems have been used as a rehabilitation tool for disabled population. Reviews were done in applications of virtual reality in patients with neurological disorders, visual impairment, psychiatric problems, children with physical disability and neurodevelopment disorders. This article mainly focused on the current status and use of virtual reality for children with autism. Literature was reviewed and the important findings are discussed in this paper. The virtual reality systems and designs, interventions method, treatment intensity and its effectiveness in target population were analyzed. The following skills emotion recognition, contextual processing, social attribution and executive function of analogical reasoning, navigation performance, safety skills, social interaction, motor and cognitive skills, conversational understanding were found to be improved in children with autism spectrum disorder by using VR. The paper also detailed the studies done in India using virtual reality in the disability field, mainly in autistic population. Sinitha. K. M | Stephy Jacob | Dr. Maria Grace Treasa "Virtual Reality as a Promising Tool for Autism Intervention" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42523.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/42523/virtual-reality-as-a-promising-tool-for-autism-intervention/sinitha-k-m
Application of Virtual Reality in a Learning ExperienceIJERA Editor
The project is an application that allows users to interact in a virtual environment via a web interface, in which
models are in three dimensions to simulate different activities. The application focuses on education with virtual
reality technology, enriching the student's perception through the interaction with objects in an artificial world,
facilitating their learning. A website was designed for this purpose, on which the application can be executed
directly in the web browser with the help of a plugin or downloaded and run as a native application. The user
navigates in the virtual environment containing a three-dimensional replica of one of the laboratories of the
Polytechnic School N.U.E.. The tests consisted of running the model and laboratory simulations. The results
obtained from forms show that the use of virtual reality is valid, accepted and helps understanding the context of
the simulations
Ambient Intelligence and Immersive Virtual Telepresence in Health CareRiva Giuseppe
The document discusses how emerging technologies like virtual reality (VR) and ambient intelligence can be used to improve healthcare and quality of life. VR and immersive virtual telepresence tools are outlined as potential "killer apps" for areas like rehabilitation, treatment of eating disorders and phobias, and medical education. However, barriers like costs, complexity, and lack of standards need to be addressed. The vision of "p-health" is proposed, which combines immersive VR technologies and ambient intelligence for shared e-therapy experiences.
Sign Language Detection and Classification using Hand Tracking and Deep Learn...IRJET Journal
The document presents a research paper on developing a real-time sign language detection system using hand tracking and deep learning. It aims to address the communication barrier faced by deaf individuals by automatically recognizing and interpreting sign language gestures. The researchers collected data, tracked hands using computer vision techniques, and classified gestures using machine learning models. Experimental results showed high confidence scores and real-time performance, demonstrating the potential of the system to facilitate independent communication for the deaf community. However, challenges remain around hand occlusion, lighting variations, and recognizing a wide range of sign language gestures.
The document discusses virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). It defines VR as a computer-generated simulation that can be interacted with using electronic equipment like helmets. VR is used in fields like military training, medicine, and sports. AR enhances the real world with computer-generated images and information. The document outlines some of the earliest developments of VR and AR. It then discusses applications of both technologies in areas like gaming, the military, medicine, and education. The advantages and disadvantages of VR and AR are presented. Key differences between VR and AR are that VR creates entirely virtual worlds while AR combines real and virtual elements.
Evaluationof Smartphone Accessibility Interface Practices for Older Adultsinventionjournals
ABSTRACT: Smartphone's can play a significant role in maintaining decent Quality of Life for elderly people. Key factor to Smartphone's usage success among elderly people depends on the accessibility of phone interface.Indeed, there is an exponential growth of the elderly population that suffers from age-related disabilities. Accessibility problems should be in mindfor developers. To address these issues in new smart phone devices there is no proper set of guidelines available that focus on this domain. So in this paper the work focuses on: (1) a set of guidelines to keep in mind in order to achieve accessibility in mobileinterfaces for older people. This checklist is the result of a review study of the literature, standards and best practices that are being performedin this area of knowledge, (2) use of this accessibility checklist aimed at elderly people, a survey of three mobile native Apps on androidplatform has been carried out, these Apps have as aim to modify the default interface for another more accessible one.
ALTERNATE EYES FOR BLIND advanced wearable for visually impaired peopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed wearable device called the "Third Eye for Blind" that aims to help visually impaired people navigate indoor environments independently. The device uses an ultrasonic sensor and microcontroller to detect nearby obstacles and alert the user via vibration and sound from a buzzer. As the distance to an obstacle decreases, the intensity of the vibration and sound increases. The goal is to provide a low-cost, compact, and easy-to-use solution to help the visually impaired avoid collisions while navigating indoor spaces unassisted. The document outlines the motivation, proposed system design and components, working principles, results of testing, and conclusions that such a wearable device could significantly benefit visually impaired individuals and communities.
The document describes a proposed system called SRAVIP (Smart Robot Assistant for Visually Impaired Persons) that aims to assist visually impaired individuals in navigating indoor environments. SRAVIP includes two subsystems: 1) an initialization system to create an environment map and register users, and 2) a real-time operation system to navigate the mobile robot and communicate with users through speech or text. The robot utilizes sensors and simultaneous localization and mapping to safely guide a registered user to their desired location indoors. The system was tested successfully using a Turtlebot3 robot at a university campus.
This powerpoint describes the affordances of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality with respect to their use in education and give examples based on its use in teaching and learning in a secondary school in Singapore.
The document describes a hand gesture recognition system for deaf persons to communicate their thoughts to others. It aims to bridge the communication gap between deaf-mute people and the general public by converting gestures captured in real-time via camera, which are trained using a convolutional neural network (CNN), into text output. The system allows deaf-mute users to interact with computer applications using gestures detected by their webcam without needing to install additional applications. It discusses the background and relevance of the project, as well as objectives like designing the gesture training, extracting features from images, and recognizing gestures to translate them to text.
The document describes a hand gesture recognition system for deaf persons to communicate their thoughts to others. It aims to bridge the communication gap between deaf-mute people and the general public by converting gestures captured in real-time via camera, which are trained using a convolutional neural network (CNN), into text output. The system allows deaf-mute users to interact with computer applications using gestures detected by their webcam without needing to install additional applications. It discusses the background and relevance of the project, as well as objectives like designing the gesture training, extracting features from images, and recognizing gestures to translate them to text.
Technology and Disability 24 (2012) 303–311 303DOI 10.3233T.docxmattinsonjanel
Technology and Disability 24 (2012) 303–311 303
DOI 10.3233/TAD-120361
IOS Press
Service robots in elderly care at home: Users’
needs and perceptions as a basis for concept
development
Lucia Piginia,∗, David Facalb, Lorenzo Blasic and Renzo Andricha
aFondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milano, Italy
bFundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia – INGEMA, San Sebastian, Spain
cHewlett-Packard Italiana S.r.l., Milano, Italy
Abstract. Background: Service robots may offer an innovative assistive solution to improve the quality of life of frail elderly
people, by assisting them in specific situations identified as relevant to maintain independence.
Objective: This paper describes the results of a qualitative and quantitative research based on a user-centered methodology carried
out within the EU-funded project “Multi-Role Shadow Robotic System for Independent Living” (SRS), aiming to generate user
requirements and realistic usage scenarios maximizing the alignment with users’ needs, perceptions, feelings and rights.
Methods: A qualitative and quantitative research – based on focus groups (59 participants) and questionnaires (129 respondents) –
was carried out in three countries: Italy, Spain and Germany. The survey involved prospective end-users (elderly people and
family members who care for them), caregivers, and geriatric experts.
Results: Results show that despite elderly people encounter difficulties in many activities of daily life, a semi-autonomous
remotely-controlled and self-learning service robot has been judged an interesting solution only in some circumstances. Moni-
toring and managing emergency situations, helping with reaching, fetching and carrying objects that are too heavy or positioned
in unreachable places: these are tasks for which robotic support has been widely accepted, while tasks involving direct physical
contact between the person and the robot are not appreciated instead. Relatives of the elderly could act as remote operators;
however, family psychological burden and time restrictions should be considered too.
Conclusions: A tele-operated robotic system may be of help for frail elderly people. In certain cases this solution may be effective
only in conjunction with a 24-hour professional Service Centre able to manage tele-operation when relatives are not available.
This survey adds further tokens of knowledge to previous literature studies on this subject; it compares the potential users’ and the
professionals’ views; it helps identifying potentially successful applications of tele-operated robots in the care of elderly people
living at home. The results obtained by the present study, generated specific requirements and the first versions of concrete usage
scenarios, enabling designers and technologists to start with a first development phase of the SRS concept.
Keywords: Service robots, tele-operation, elderly people, caregivers, user requirements, user centered design
1. Introduction
Several robotic research proje ...
Introduction to Virtual Reality (VR) or Augmented Reality: VR is the illusion of a three-dimensional, interactive, computer-generated reality. It can be used in the field of medicine, architecture as well as education. VR can
influence human behavior, interpersonal communication, and cognition (i.e., virtual genetics).
SERVER TRANSCODING OF MULTIMEDIA DATA FOR CROSS-DISABILITY ACCESSVideoguy
The document proposes an ability-based framework to adapt multimedia content for cross-disability accessibility. It discusses developing a technique to map a user's abilities to the accessibility of different modalities in order to select appropriate modalities. The framework would perform three mappings: 1) ability to accessibility, 2) accessibility to quality of service parameters, and 3) quality of service parameters to resource allocation. It focuses on the first step of quantifying a user's ability to access information based on ability requirements and analytical models of human faculties. The goal is to maximize accessibility while efficiently allocating system resources.
Acoustic event characterization for service robot using convolutional networksIJECEIAES
This paper presents and discusses the creation of a sound event classification model using deep learning. In the design of service robots, it is necessary to include routines that improve the response of both the robot and the human being throughout the interaction. These types of tasks are critical when the robot is taking care of children, the elderly, or people in vulnerable situations. Certain dangerous situations are difficult to identify and assess by an autonomous system, and yet, the life of the users may depend on these robots. Acoustic signals correspond to events that can be detected at a great distance, are usually present in risky situations, and can be continuously sensed without incurring privacy risks. For the creation of the model, a customized database is structured with seven categories that allow to categorize a problem, and eventually allow the robot to provide the necessary help. These audio signals are processed to produce graphical representations consistent with human acoustic identification. These images are then used to train three convolutional models identified as high-performing in this type of problem. The three models are evaluated with specific metrics to identify the best-performing model. Finally, the results of this evaluation are discussed and analyzed.
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
The document describes a proposed modification to the conventional Booth multiplier that aims to increase its speed by applying concepts from Vedic mathematics. Specifically, it utilizes the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam formula to generate all partial products concurrently rather than sequentially. The proposed 8x8 bit multiplier was coded in VHDL, simulated, and found to have a path delay 44.35% lower than a conventional Booth multiplier, demonstrating its potential for higher speed.
This document discusses image deblurring techniques. It begins by introducing image restoration and focusing on image deblurring. It then discusses challenges with image deblurring being an ill-posed problem. It reviews existing approaches to screen image deconvolution including estimating point spread functions and iteratively estimating blur kernels and sharp images. The document also discusses handling spatially variant blur and summarizes the relationship between the proposed method and previous work for different blur types. It proposes using color filters in the aperture to exploit parallax cues for segmentation and blur estimation. Finally, it proposes moving the image sensor circularly during exposure to prevent high frequency attenuation from motion blur.
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
This document provides a review of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) engineering. It begins with an introduction to SAR and its uses in remote sensing and defense. It then discusses designs for SAR systems and antennas. The document reviews recent literature on SAR, including works discussing antenna mask design to optimize SAR performance, polarimetric SAR for mapping terrain changes, and using SAR to monitor cryospheric regions. It concludes that SAR is a useful technique for achieving good image quality through optimized antenna design.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
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For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
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Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
F017553034
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 17, Issue 5, Ver. V (Sep. – Oct. 2015), PP 30-34
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17553034 www.iosrjournals.org 30 | Page
Framework For Improving Access To VR Environments For
Citizens With Debilities
J.Frank Reuben Jebaraj 1
, Dr. E. Kirubakaran 2
1
(School of Computer Science and Engineering / Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli , India)
2
(SSTP Systems/ Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited,, Tiruchirappalli , India)
Abstract: Technological innovation in graphics and other human motion tracking hardware has promoted
approaching "virtual reality" closer to "reality" and thus usage of virtual reality has been unlimited to various
realms. The world is becoming ever more interconnected and reliant on information obtainable on the Internet.
The use of Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) worlds as a mechanism for information access is a
breakthrough. Access to that information for all people is vital. The challenge is to develop methodologies and
guidelines for making VRML accessible. VRML opens up new prospects but also raises new hurdles. In this
paper, we propose some strategies, develop some techniques, and provide some tools to help create more
accessible VRML worlds. Also in this paper we will describe a set of techniques for improving access to VRML
environments for people with debilities ranging from simple documented additions to the VRML file to scripts
which aid in the creation of more accessible worlds. We also propose an initial set of strategies authors can use
to improve VRML accessibility. This paper presents a framework for improving access to interactive,
multisensory, three-dimensional environments called virtual worlds for citizens with debilities.
Keywords: VRML worlds, methodologies, virtual reality, access utilities, framework, authoring strategies.
I. Introduction
In the media age humanity is facing a process where life expectancy is slowly but constantly
increasing. Consequently, the group of senior citizens is growing to become one of the most sizable in the entire
population which implies that the occurrence of physical and intellectual impairments is increasing in proportion
[3]. Seniors citizens usually suffer from vision deficiencies, hearing limitations, motor impairments and slight
deterioration of their cognitive skills. Against this backdrop, (providing citizens with debilities by exploring a
convenient application of VR technologies in the process of designing and developing accessible solutions that
could improve their level of independence) in order to enhance their quality of life has become the need of the
hour.
Within this intricate and persistently progressing background, it is very exciting to technologically
meet all users’ needs and requirements regarding accessibility and usability along the development process.
Accessibility becomes a must for the use of products for all users in general and senior persons and persons with
sensory, physical or cognitive debilities in particular. Usability denotes the ease with which these products or
services can be used to achieve specified goals with efficiency, expertise and satisfaction in a specified context
of use [14]. In this sense, Virtual Reality (VR) is expanding to become a very useful tool for the empowerment
of a large number of citizens.
The potential usefulness of VR for these persons was already abridged almost two decades ago [9];
[10] stating that VR offers them the possibility to perform tasks and experience situations that they might not
otherwise because of any physical or cognitive limitation, since it can transform the sensory information that
they cannot perceive into other modalities and can present a world where citizens with debilities may learn in a
simplified way, applying afterwards the skills acquired to more complex real environments. Moreover VR
technologies can be adapted to a wide range of individual senses and capabilities of the user. E.g. blind users
can receive more aural information; visual information can be reinforced for persons with hearing debility, etc.
Also, individual abilities of the users can be assessed so that the adaptation is optimal for them. Lastly VR
allows citizens with distinct needs to interact with other users with the same disorders.
At present, costs of emerging VR technologies are being constantly reduced while becoming adaptable
to a wider range of environments and individual requests. Therefore they may offer significant opportunities to
support user interaction in technological environments, while helping to reduce the existing usability gaps. As a
consequence, VR has become the central research concern for a new generation of technologies that may be
used to help citizens with debilities.
This paper describes a set of techniques for improving access to Virtual Reality Modeling Language
(VRML) environments for people with debilities. These range from simple documented additions to the VRML
file to scripts which aid in the creation of more accessible worlds. We also propose an initial set of strategies
authors can use to improve VRML accessibility.
2. Framework For Improving Access To VR Environments For Citizens With Debilities
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17553034 www.iosrjournals.org 31 | Page
II. Literature survey
Almost certainly the main advantage of VR is the possibility to create realistic environments. The
experience of feeling immersed in a virtual scenario helps the user to overlook that s/he is actually in an
artificial testing environment, allowing the assessment of the user experience under usual environments.
Another important benefit is the capability for controlling the type, number, speed and order of stimulus that are
to be presented to the user of the virtual scenario, which enables the specialists to improve their interventions by
personalizing the environments, adapting them to the distinct conditions of each user. In the same way, trial and
error methods can be easily applied into virtual environments where VR may then be used to analyze the user’s
behavior in potential dangerous situations without any risk. Finally, by selecting different sets of stimulus to be
presented to the user, the level of complexity of test exercises can be gradually increased, so the specialist is
able to personalize the treatment or training scenario. VR technologies can be a great help for citizens with
dysfunction or complete loss of specific interaction functions such as motion or speech. Techniques are
progressing, and today certain applications and devices, which were used at first only to interact with VR, are
now useful in the real world as assistive technologies (e.g. VR gadgets for transforming sign language into
speech).Citizens with physical debilities can also use VR to perform the same complex tasks as physically
challenged citizens. VR may provide an adaptable mechanism for taking advantage of a convenient physical
ability of one person to operate an input device for a computer program and, therefore, go around his limitation.
E.g. there are systems based on data gloves that allow users to record custom-tailored gestures and map these
gestures into actions. In this way, citizens with vocal impairments could even enhance their communication
skills by mapping specific hand gestures to speech phrases.
Another area of use is creating simulations for citizens with sensory impairments like blind or deaf
citizens. In these applications the focus is helping them to learn the use of new tools like a walking stick or sign
language. VR systems are also used for testing the usefulness and accessibility of products and environments
before they are actually built. Virtual buildings can be designed in advance and displayed through a head
mounted display (HMD) to a wheelchair user who will move around and check for potential obstructions or
non-accessible places [17].Educational inclusion for children with sensorial debilities is also an important
research goal for VR developers. The overall objective of virtual learning environments is to allow students to
interact physically and intellectually with a new generation of instructional materials, and the focus of a
significant number of researchers is to offer the same opportunities to users with debilities to access and take
advantage of all these resources. For example, there are virtual environments for visually impaired or blind,
which focus on the creation of mental structures of navigable objects using only spatial audible information and
no visual information; there are also virtual environments for the education and training of children with spatial
problems caused by movement limitations; hearing impaired children can also benefit from virtual environments
by helping them to improve in structural inductive processes and flexible-thinking ability [11].One type of
application is the improvement of training results for citizens with cognitive impairments. Here, VR
environments provide a safe and completely controlled surrounding that removes many stresses caused by
natural human interactions and thus allows a gradual development of social abilities that are impossible to attain
through real-life interactions.
VR appears to provide varied and motivating opportunities for the rehabilitation of seniors citizens
with chronic diseases, like stroke patients. In stroke rehabilitation, animal studies have suggested that, through
the use of intensive therapy (which implies the repetition of individual movements hundreds of times per day), a
significant amount of the motor control lost by the stroke can be recovered. Human therapy approaches
supplement this approach with keeping patients informed about their progress. Since sessions with therapists
usually only cover a small set of motions and significant recovery requires more effort, patients are required to
stick to an extensive home exercise routine. However, only a fraction of the patients actually perform these
exercises as recommended. Here, VR games are considered for improving rehabilitation involvement by
increasing patient motivation and quantifying recovery progress, with a focus on supporting the re-development
of proprioception [16]. In the case of brain damage, VR approaches not only include direct rehabilitation work
but also give the opportunity for tele-rehabilitation [5]. A further use of VR in healthcare is the involvement of
so-called virtual humans in senior citizens’ assistance scenarios. In this background, simulated doctors or
healthcare workers are being used to let a system communicate with patients. Similarly, VR representations of
patients are being used by healthcare personnel for bed-side soft-skills training [1]. Thus we have extensively
surveyed the VR technologies and its potential which can be an immense help for citizens with debilities. The
challenge is to develop methodologies and guidelines for making VRML accessible. VRML, now a draft
international standard and what some have called the second Web, opens up new prospects but also raise new
hurdles. In this paper, we propose some guidelines, develop some techniques, and propose some tools to help
create more accessible VRML worlds.
3. Framework For Improving Access To VR Environments For Citizens With Debilities
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17553034 www.iosrjournals.org 32 | Page
III. Organization Of Access Modus Operandi
Debilities are a subject of measure to the extent we are affected to a few impairments like visual,
auditory, motor control, speech, cognitive and so on. However a myriad of media types like aural, graphics and
video can certainly improve access to information based on the exact disability. Here we have examined the use
of virtual environments for information access. Nevertheless what is a blind person to do if the information is
important and only accessible via these worlds? Graphical User Interfaces, the GUIs of the mid 1980s and 90s,
have shifted the user's interaction with computers from a primarily text-oriented experience to a point-and-click
experience. This shift, along with improved ease of use, has also erected new barriers between people with
disabilities and the computer. There have been a variety of devices and software techniques that have been
developed to improve access. The concept of auditory icons has been pursued for over a decade. Devices which
are used to make PCs more accessible range from speech synthesizers and screen readers to magnification
software and Braille output devices. There is some concern over access to VRML for people with disabilities.
However, it is quite uncommon. Many of the concepts such as aural introductions, and the use of embedded
documented metaphors are addressed. We propose the following VRML mechanisms as a starting point for
improving access. These mechanisms fall into three main realms: documented metaphors, aural stimuli and
verbal metaphors, and console input facilitation. All of these mechanisms use the inherent capabilities of the
VRML specification to make the VRML world more accessible.
3.1 Documented metaphors
Documented information about a VRML world can be added for improving access. Strategically this
needs to be implemented with the use of two different nodes. They should be the World and Anchor nodes.
Firstly the World node should contain the label for the overall world and provide information about individual
objects. Mostly a VRML browser will use the title field of World node it encounters to put a label on a section
of the browser window. Then the World nodes should be placed inside of Groups to document individual
objects with supplemental text. The JavaScript functions needs to be defined here in order to use the additional
World nodes to change the label displayed by the browser. A note worthy thing is that the setDescription
JavaScript method is supported by amenable browsers. Also the VRML pre or post-processors can perform
additional actions along with the text, for instance speech synthesis. Secondly the Anchor node should hold the
additional text in its description field. From a practical view point this will be a predominantly useful way of
adding value to a world since VRML browsers display the text from the description field when the cursor is
rolled over the object. Now we are aware that the VRML provides a common method, by means of the World
node, for documenting and supplementing object information. It would be fascinating that if browser builders
would allow access and use the World nodes associated with objects, so that the world builders would be more
optimistic to include more explanatory documented information in their worlds. Of course there are a few
approaches existing. For instance an approach to using World nodes would be to use some Java code by the use
of the External Authoring Interface (EAI) so as to read the contents of the World node and display the text or
send it to a speech synthesizer.
3.2 Aural Stimuli and Verbal Metaphors
A novel way to improve access to a VRML world subsequently to documented metaphor would be
through the aural stimuli and verbal metaphors. Aural provides an array of rich possibilities. Here we would
examine the three types of aural. They are: surrounding music, verbal metaphors, and speech synthesis.
Synthetically we can cause the surrounding music to effect the change as the user changes his/her position from
one place to another while moving, yielding an intuitive location clue. As the viewer draws close to an object
the verbal metaphors of objects can be devised to play. By gaining the accessibility and usability of a speech
synthesizer embedded text can be read and text from Anchor node metaphors or World nodes can be made
verbal. The core potential of the description field in the Aural node is yet to be realized. Aural nodes hold the
address to real audio files as well as a description field which should be used as a documentation of the sound.
In order to imbibe more realism than just to cause a sound we have adopted the triggering procedure. Some of
the events like the beginning of a talk, audio effects, or one other external program can be started based on the
different styles of triggers. We can realize to the core the potential of triggering procedure supported by VRML.
The three triggering procedures supported by VRML are: 1. Proximity (where the implementation should be,
based on viewer position). 2. Viewpoint (when the implementation should be, based on the selection of the
viewpoint). 3. Touch (should implement, only when the viewer clicks). Here the triggers characterize the events
when an audio is to play. For instance a Proximity Sensor is used to cause an event when the user is contained
by the area defined by the sensor. An audio describing an object plays when the viewer moves close to that
object. The role of Triggers is not limited only to playing audio clip. It can cause a speech synthesizer to read
text, print Braille, and by means of programmed external utilities carry out almost any type of code. Also
triggers can commence the execution of random code and direct devices to carry out preferred events. We are
4. Framework For Improving Access To VR Environments For Citizens With Debilities
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17553034 www.iosrjournals.org 33 | Page
yet to explore fully the advantage of the audio in VRML which is also a spatialized feature. On the other hand
audio can be coupled directly with object and triggered while considered suitable. Ultimately this should pave a
way for users to be able to locate objects by sound alone.
3.3 Console Input aid
In the Console mappings, the facility to carry out application functions just by using a console, rather
than a mouse, is a significant enabling technology. Here we would draw up some support from the VRML
browsers in this field. Regular console equivalent is to map the Page Up and Page Down keys to let users tread
to the next or prior viewpoint. Consequently the viewpoints ought to be defined as part of the world which
would be unusual incident. More over a few manifestations can happen here as well in the different modes of
operation like examiner mode and walk mode. Additionally to viewpoint selection, the arrow keys can be used
to rotate the object (when in examiner mode) and to travel (when in walk mode). Conversely this would hold
good for Cosmo Player. We are aware of the fact that every VRML browser works a little different. Steady
console mappings and their subsequent behavioral effects in the VRML world can provide significant
accessibility ability for a VRML browser. To conclude we suggest that by creating large control areas through
virtual worlds we can improve the access to VR environments for citizens with debilities. Now if such a world
be used by citizens with debilities like no hand control (especially for the aged) the world they live would
become a nicer place. This aid in the creation of more accessible worlds will not be just limited to people with
debilities but also for people when they are busy (riding, driving, working in a field). Along this line of research
we foresee that soon by harnessing alternate devices like voice controlled cursor and other technologies like,
driving a car would be made hands free and voice operated cursor control can select links and examine objects
as well.
IV. Authoring Strategies
While exploring more than a few ways to compose VRML worlds accessible by the citizens with
debilities (visually and physically impaired) we realized what VR environments could really offer. The virtual
environment provides object metaphors that are significant to users while interactivity is enabled. Also we are
aware of the fact that the addition of embedded documentation and audio and assistive devices such as a speech
recognition system all add up to a more accessible virtual worlds. This research work has enabled us to propose
a set of strategies which authors can use. These are precisely identified and bulleted. In this paper we propose an
initial set of strategies authors can use to improve VRML accessibility. The authors building their VRML
worlds which should be more accessible ought to necessarily adhere to the strategies so as to maximize the
result. The strategies are as follows:
Add World node metaphors for both the entire world and individual objects.
Use the description field of Anchor nodes.
Create Viewpoints since they are handy via the console Page Up and Page Down keys.
Associate Audio nodes with verbal metaphors of objects of significance.
Name significant objects to allow for automated audio.
Create large control areas for alternate input devices to gain more access.
Activate a graphical menu to personalize different communication features like audio, video.
Offer both audio and video feedback when they interact with the elements in the scene.
Permit to modify the point of view and make zoom in the scene to find the most pleased perspective.
Execute with at least two modalities.
Integrate the different interaction devices and modalities in order to attain the most functional solution.
Also we have proposed to develop utilities to assist in the creation of virtual worlds which would
certainly improve VRML accessibility and would pave a way to improve their level of independence thereby
enhancing their quality of life. Also we have proposed how to create accessible worlds through the addition of
aural content. A more thorough discussion of browser issues is in the Serflek and Treviranus paper cited
previously, and points out issues such as console equivalences, and alternative input devices. Nevertheless, VR
has been proven to offer significant advantages for persons with all kinds of debilities when it can present
virtual worlds where users can be trained or learn in a controlled environment, and then apply the skills acquired
to a real context. VR technologies can be adapted to a wide range of individual requirements and, at the same
time, user’s abilities and experience can be assessed in order to reach an optimal adaptation. Particularly the
multimodal approach is inherent to VR and the low-effort interaction techniques followed can make VR-based
interfaces especially valuable for users with debilities or special needs. The combination of these facts may
enhance the variety of accessible solutions for addressing the specific impairments and preferences of each
person, especially in terms of interaction limitations. This involves not only physical, but also cognitive
debilities. In addition, users can participate in a controlled environment, since VR technologies assure safe and
5. Framework For Improving Access To VR Environments For Citizens With Debilities
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17553034 www.iosrjournals.org 34 | Page
secure interaction and finally, the citizens with debilities will be provided with new services to improve their
quality of life, and improve autonomy of different target users.
V. Conclusion
In this paper we have developed methodologies and guidelines for making VRML accessible. Here we
have proposed some guidelines, suggested some techniques, and proposed some tools to help create more
accessible VRML worlds especially by realizing the following VRML mechanisms in the realms of documented
metaphors, aural stimuli and verbal metaphors, and console input facilitation for improving access. All of these
mechanisms use the inherent capabilities of the VRML specification to make the VRML world more accessible.
We have also proposed an initial set of strategies authors can use to improve VRML accessibility. We have
presented a framework for improving access to interactive, multisensory, three-dimensional environments called
virtual worlds for citizens with debilities. It is clear that there are challenges and a variety of research issues to
address. Starting with the strategies outlined in this paper there is much that can be done today towards making
VRML worlds more accessible. Here we have explored the most promising technologies and applications in the
field of VR applied to citizens with debilities. However there exists enough room for future scope. They are as
follows: 1.To present the outcomes of assessing user experience through innovative approaches, bringing
together VR and other technologies such as environment control systems. 2. Develop several utilities (VRML
ACCESS UTILITIES) to assist in the creation of more accessible VRML worlds that could improve debilities of
citizens’ level of independence and thus enhance their quality of life and prove to be a very useful tool for the
empowerment of a large number of citizens. Hope this provides new vistas for research scholars to come to
grips with VR technologies in order to improve accessibility for citizens with debilities.
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