Virtual environments have always been considered as a means for more visceral and efficient human computer interaction by a diversified range of applications. The spectrum of applications includes analysis of complex scientific data, medical training, military simulation, phobia therapy and virtual prototyping. Evolution of ubiquitous computing, current user interaction approaches with keyboard, mouse and pen are not sufficient for the still widening spectrum of Human computer interaction. Gloves and sensor based trackers are unwieldy, constraining and uncomfortable to use. Due to the limitation of these devices the useable command set based diligences is also limited. Direct use of hands as an input device is an innovative method for providing natural Human Computer Interaction which has its inheritance from textbased interfaces through 2D graphical-based interfaces, multimedia supported interfaces, to full-fledged multi-participant Virtual Environment (VE) systems. Conceiving a future era of human-computer interaction with the implementations of 3D application where the user may be able to move and rotate objects simply by moving and rotating his hand - all without help of any input device. The research effort centralizes on the efforts of implementing an application that employs computer vision algorithms and gesture recognition techniques which in turn results in developing a low cost interface device for interacting with objects in virtual environment using hand gestures. The prototype architecture of the application comprises of a central computational module that applies the camshift technique for tracking of hands and its gestures. Haar like technique has been utilized as a classifier that is creditworthy for locating hand position and classifying gesture. The patterning of gestures has been done for recognition by mapping the number of defects that is formed in the hand with the assigned gestures. The virtual objects are produced using Open GL library. This hand gesture recognition technique aims to substitute the use of mouse for interaction with the virtual objects. This will be useful to promote controlling applications like virtual games, browsing images etc in virtual environment using hand gestures.
Hand Gesture Recognition System for Human-Computer Interaction with Web-Camijsrd.com
This paper represents a comparative study of exiting hand gesture recognition systems and gives the new approach for the gesture recognition which is easy cheaper and alternative of input devices like mouse with static and dynamic hand gestures, for interactive computer applications. Despite the increase in the attention of such systems there are still certain limitations in literature. Most applications require different constraints like having distinct lightning conditions, usage of a specific camera, making the user wear a multi-coloured glove or need lots of training data. The use of hand gestures provides an attractive alternative to cumbersome interface devices for human-computer interaction (HCI). This interface is simple enough to be run using an ordinary webcam and requires little training.
Gesture Based Interface Using Motion and Image Comparisonijait
This paper gives a new approach for movement of mouse and implementation of its functions using a real time camera. Here we propose to change the hardware design. Most of the existing technologies mainly depend on changing the mouse parts features like changing the position of tracking ball and adding more buttons. We use a camera, colored substance, image comparison technology and motion detection technology to control mouse movement and implement its functions (right click, left click, scrolling and double click) .
Gesture recognition is a topic in computer science and language technology with the goal of interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms. Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state but commonly originate from the face or hand.
Human Computer Interaction Based HEMD Using Hand GestureIJAEMSJORNAL
Hand gesture based Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) is one of the most normal and spontaneous ways to communicate between people and apparatus to present a hand gesture recognition system with Webcam, Operates robustly in unrestrained environment and is insensible to hand variations and distortions. This classification consists of two major modules, that is, hand detection and gesture recognition. Diverse from conventional vision-based hand gesture recognition methods that use color-markers for hand detection, this system uses both the depth and color information from Webcam to detect the hand shape, which ensures the sturdiness in disorderly environments. Assurance its heftiness to input variations or the distortions caused by the low resolution of webcam, to apply a novel shape distance metric called Handle Earth Mover's Distance (HEMD) for hand gesture recognition. Consequently, in this paper concept operates accurately and efficiently. The intend of this paper is to expand robust and resourceful hand segmentation algorithm where three algorithms for hand segmentation using different color spaces with required thresholds have were utilized. Hand tracking and segmentation algorithm is found to be most resourceful to handle the challenge of apparition based organization such as skin dye detection. Noise may hold, for a moment, in the segmented image due to lively background. Tracking algorithm was developed and applied on the segmented hand contour for elimination of unnecessary background noise
Hand Gesture Recognition System for Human-Computer Interaction with Web-Camijsrd.com
This paper represents a comparative study of exiting hand gesture recognition systems and gives the new approach for the gesture recognition which is easy cheaper and alternative of input devices like mouse with static and dynamic hand gestures, for interactive computer applications. Despite the increase in the attention of such systems there are still certain limitations in literature. Most applications require different constraints like having distinct lightning conditions, usage of a specific camera, making the user wear a multi-coloured glove or need lots of training data. The use of hand gestures provides an attractive alternative to cumbersome interface devices for human-computer interaction (HCI). This interface is simple enough to be run using an ordinary webcam and requires little training.
Gesture Based Interface Using Motion and Image Comparisonijait
This paper gives a new approach for movement of mouse and implementation of its functions using a real time camera. Here we propose to change the hardware design. Most of the existing technologies mainly depend on changing the mouse parts features like changing the position of tracking ball and adding more buttons. We use a camera, colored substance, image comparison technology and motion detection technology to control mouse movement and implement its functions (right click, left click, scrolling and double click) .
Gesture recognition is a topic in computer science and language technology with the goal of interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms. Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state but commonly originate from the face or hand.
Human Computer Interaction Based HEMD Using Hand GestureIJAEMSJORNAL
Hand gesture based Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) is one of the most normal and spontaneous ways to communicate between people and apparatus to present a hand gesture recognition system with Webcam, Operates robustly in unrestrained environment and is insensible to hand variations and distortions. This classification consists of two major modules, that is, hand detection and gesture recognition. Diverse from conventional vision-based hand gesture recognition methods that use color-markers for hand detection, this system uses both the depth and color information from Webcam to detect the hand shape, which ensures the sturdiness in disorderly environments. Assurance its heftiness to input variations or the distortions caused by the low resolution of webcam, to apply a novel shape distance metric called Handle Earth Mover's Distance (HEMD) for hand gesture recognition. Consequently, in this paper concept operates accurately and efficiently. The intend of this paper is to expand robust and resourceful hand segmentation algorithm where three algorithms for hand segmentation using different color spaces with required thresholds have were utilized. Hand tracking and segmentation algorithm is found to be most resourceful to handle the challenge of apparition based organization such as skin dye detection. Noise may hold, for a moment, in the segmented image due to lively background. Tracking algorithm was developed and applied on the segmented hand contour for elimination of unnecessary background noise
The Gesture Recognition Technology is rapidly growing technology and this PPT describes about the working of gesture recognition technology,the sub fields in it, its applications and the challenges it faces.
sixth sense technology 2014 ,by Richard Des Nieves,Bengaluru,kar,India.Richard Des Nieves M
for more Information visit the below references.....!
http://www.pranavmistry.com/projects/sixthsense/
https://code.google.com/p/sixthsense/wiki/Software
Microsoft 2020 technology future vision
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wto6SFl13A
vimal kumar's presentation on Sixth sense technology & its workingvimalstar
This is a device which has been invented by an Indian PRANAV MISTRY in the year 2008,
Since many of us didn't know about this device
My presentation is about 6th sense technology & its working principle & its applications
The Gesture Recognition Technology is rapidly growing technology and this PPT describes about the working of gesture recognition technology,the sub fields in it, its applications and the challenges it faces.
sixth sense technology 2014 ,by Richard Des Nieves,Bengaluru,kar,India.Richard Des Nieves M
for more Information visit the below references.....!
http://www.pranavmistry.com/projects/sixthsense/
https://code.google.com/p/sixthsense/wiki/Software
Microsoft 2020 technology future vision
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wto6SFl13A
vimal kumar's presentation on Sixth sense technology & its workingvimalstar
This is a device which has been invented by an Indian PRANAV MISTRY in the year 2008,
Since many of us didn't know about this device
My presentation is about 6th sense technology & its working principle & its applications
An analysis of desktop control and information retrieval from the internet us...eSAT Journals
Abstract
As the use of computers is ever increasing new and easier methods of interaction with the system are needed. Augmented reality makes any application more interactive and full of life making it easier and attractive. The conventional mouse and keyboard can be replaced by human hand to interact with the computer. Addition of augmented reality to do so will make it more attractive. The same concept of using hand as interaction device and adding augmented reality can be used for retrieval of information from the internet. This will make our daily tasks relating computer easier and fun increasing productivity.
Keywords: Human Computer Interaction, Desktop Control, Information Access, Augmented Reality, Image Processing, Information Retrieval, Image Formation
Hand Gesture Recognition using OpenCV and Pythonijtsrd
Hand gesture recognition system has developed excessively in the recent years, reason being its ability to cooperate with machine successfully. Gestures are considered as the most natural way for communication among human and PCs in virtual framework. We often use hand gestures to convey something as it is non verbal communication which is free of expression. In our system, we used background subtraction to extract hand region. In this application, our PCs camera records a live video, from which a preview is taken with the assistance of its functionalities or activities. Surya Narayan Sharma | Dr. A Rengarajan "Hand Gesture Recognition using OpenCV and Python" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38413.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/38413/hand-gesture-recognition-using-opencv-and-python/surya-narayan-sharma
Mems Sensor Based Approach for Gesture Recognition to Control Media in ComputerIJARIIT
Gesture Recognition is the method of identifying and understanding meaningful movements of the arms, hands,
face, or sometimes head. It is one of the most important aspects in the field of Human-Computer interface. There has been a
continuous research in this field because of its ability for application in user interfaces. Gesture Recognition is one of the
important areas of research for engineers and scientists. Nowadays the industry is working on the different implementation for
the trouble free, natural and easy product which can be easy to handle. This paper proposed a method to work with motion
sensors and interpret the motion of hand into various applications in a virtual interface. The Micro-Electro-Mechanical
Systems (MEMS) accelerometers are used to capture the dynamic hand gesture. These sensors information is transferred to
the microcontroller from where these data are transferred wirelessly to the computer system for actual processing of the data
with the use of various algorithms.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Gesture control algorithm for personal computerseSAT Journals
Abstract As our dependency on computers is increasing every day, these intelligent machines are making inroads in our daily life and society. This requires more friendly methods for interaction between humans and computers (HCI) than the conventionally used interaction devices (mouse & keyboard) because they are unnatural and cumbersome to use at times (by disabled people). Gesture Recognition can be useful under such conditions and provides intuitive interaction. Gestures are natural and intuitive means of communication and mostly occur from hands or face of human beings. This work introduces a hand gesture recognition system to recognize real time gestures of the user (finger movements) in unstrained environments. This is an effort to adapt computers to our natural means of communication: Speech and Hand Movements. All the work has been done using Matlab 2011b and in a real time environment which provides a robust technique for feature extraction and speech processing. A USB 2.0 camera continuously tracks the movement of user’s finger which is covered with red marker by filtering out green and blue colors from the RGB color space. Java based commands are used to implement the mouse movement through moving finger and GUI keyboard. Then a microphone is used to make use of the speech processing and instruct the system to click on a particular icon or folder throughout the screen of the system. So it is possible to take control of the whole computer system. Experimental results show that proposed method has high accuracy and outperforms Sub-gesture Modeling based methods [5] Keywords: Hand Gesture Recognition (HGR), Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Intuitive Interaction
The Internet-of-Things based hand gestures using wearable sensors for human m...CloudTechnologies
#Python #MtechPojects #BtechProjects
The Internet-of-Things based hand gestures using wearable sensors for human machine interaction
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Natural Hand Gestures Recognition System for Intelligent HCI: A SurveyEditor IJCATR
Gesture recognition is to recognizing meaningful expressions of motion by a human, involving the hands, arms, face, head,
and/or body. Hand Gestures have greater importance in designing an intelligent and efficient human–computer interface. The applications
of gesture recognition are manifold, ranging from sign language through medical rehabilitation to virtual reality. In this paper a survey on
various recent gesture recognition approaches is provided with particular emphasis on hand gestures. A review of static hand posture
methods are explained with different tools and algorithms applied on gesture recognition system, including connectionist models, hidden
Markov model, and fuzzy clustering. Challenges and future research directions are also highlighted.
Users Approach on Providing Feedback for Smart Home Devices – Phase IIijujournal
Smart Home technology has accomplished extraordinary success in making individuals' lives more straightforward and relaxing. Technology has recently brought about numerous savvy and refined frame works that advanced clever living innovation. In this paper, we will investigate the behavioral intention of user's approach to providing feedback for smart home devices. We will conduct an online survey for a sample of three to five students selected by simple random sampling to study the user's motto for giving feedback on smart home devices and their expectations. We have observed that most users are ready to actively share their input on smart home devices to improve the product's service and quality to fulfill the user’s needs and make their lives easier.
Users Approach on Providing Feedback for Smart Home Devices – Phase IIijujournal
Smart Home technology has accomplished extraordinary success in making individuals' lives more
straightforward and relaxing. Technology has recently brought about numerous savvy and refined frame
works that advanced clever living innovation. In this paper, we will investigate the behavioral intention of
user's approach to providing feedback for smart home devices. We will conduct an online survey for a
sample of three to five students selected by simple random sampling to study the user's motto for giving
feedback on smart home devices and their expectations. We have observed that most users are ready to
actively share their input on smart home devices to improve the product's service and quality to fulfill the
user’s needs and make their lives easier.
October 2023-Top Cited Articles in IJU.pdfijujournal
International Journal of Ubiquitous Computing (IJU) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that provides excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of ubiquitous computing. Current information age is witnessing a dramatic use of digital and electronic devices in the workplace and beyond. Ubiquitous Computing presents a rather arduous requirement of robustness, reliability and availability to the end user. Ubiquitous computing has received a significant and sustained research interest in terms of designing and deploying large scale and high performance computational applications in real life. The aim of the journal is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
ACCELERATION DETECTION OF LARGE (PROBABLY) PRIME NUMBERSijujournal
In order to avoid unnecessary applications of Miller-Rabin algorithm to the number in question, we resort
to trial division by a few initial prime numbers, since such a division take less time. How far we should go
with such a division is the that we are trying to answer in this paper?For the theory of the matter is fully
resolved. However, that in practice we do not have much use.Therefore, we present a solution that is
probably irrelevant to theorists, but it is very useful to people who have spent many nights to produce
large (probably) prime numbers using its own software.
A novel integrated approach for handling anomalies in RFID dataijujournal
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a convenient technology employed in various applications. The
success of these RFID applications depends heavily on the quality of the data stream generated by RFID
readers. Due to various anomalies found predominantly in RFID data it limits the widespread adoption of
this technology. Our work is to eliminate the anomalies present in RFID data in an effective manner so that
it can be applied for high end applications. Our approach is a hybrid approach of middleware and
deferred because it is not always possible to remove all anomalies and redundancies in middleware. The
processing of other anomalies is deferred until the query time and cleaned by business rules. Experimental
results show that the proposed approach performs the cleaning in an effective manner compared to the
existing approaches.
UBIQUITOUS HEALTHCARE MONITORING SYSTEM USING INTEGRATED TRIAXIAL ACCELEROMET...ijujournal
Ubiquitous healthcare has become one of the prominent areas of research inorder to address the
challenges encountered in healthcare environment. In contribution to this area, this study developed a
system prototype that recommends diagonostic services based on physiological data collected in real time
from a distant patient. The prototype uses WBAN body sensors to be worn by the individual and an android
smart phone as a personal server. Physiological data is collected and uploaded to a Medical Health
Server (MHS) via GPRS/internet to be analysed. Our implemented prototype monitors the activity, location
and physiological data such as SpO2 and Heart Rate (HR) of the elderly and patients in rehabilitation. The
uploaded information can be accessed in real time by medical practitioners through a web application.
ENHANCING INDEPENDENT SENIOR LIVING THROUGH SMART HOME TECHNOLOGIESijujournal
The population of elderly folks is ballooning worldwide as people live longer. But getting older often
means declining health and trouble living solo. Smart home tech could keep an eye on old folks and get
help quickly when needed so they can stay independent. This paper looks at a system combining wireless
sensors, video watches, automation, resident monitoring, emergency detection, and remote access. Sensors
track health signs, activities, appliance use. Video analytics spot odd stuff like falls. Sensor fusion and
machine learning find normal patterns so wonks can see unhealthy changes and send alerts. Multi-channel
alerts reach caregivers and emergency folks. A LabVIEW can integrate devices and enables local and
remote oversight and can control and handle emergency responses. Benefits seem to be early illness clues,
quick help, less burden on caregivers, and optimized home settings. But will old folks use all this tech? Can
we prove it really helps folks live longer and better? More research on maximizing reliability and
evaluating real-world impacts is needed. But designed thoughtfully, smart homes could may profoundly
improve the aging experience.
HMR LOG ANALYZER: ANALYZE WEB APPLICATION LOGS OVER HADOOP MAPREDUCEijujournal
In today’s Internet world, log file analysis is becoming a necessary task for analyzing the customer’s
behavior in order to improve advertising and sales as well as for datasets like environment, medical,
banking system it is important to analyze the log data to get required knowledge from it. Web mining is the
process of discovering the knowledge from the web data. Log files are getting generated very fast at the
rate of 1-10 Mb/s per machine, a single data center can generate tens of terabytes of log data in a day.
These datasets are huge. In order to analyze such large datasets we need parallel processing system and
reliable data storage mechanism. Virtual database system is an effective solution for integrating the data
but it becomes inefficient for large datasets. The Hadoop framework provides reliable data storage by
Hadoop Distributed File System and MapReduce programming model which is a parallel processing
system for large datasets. Hadoop distributed file system breaks up input data and sends fractions of the
original data to several machines in hadoop cluster to hold blocks of data. This mechanism helps to
process log data in parallel using all the machines in the hadoop cluster and computes result efficiently.
The dominant approach provided by hadoop to “Store first query later”, loads the data to the Hadoop
Distributed File System and then executes queries written in Pig Latin. This approach reduces the response
time as well as the load on to the end system. This paper proposes a log analysis system using Hadoop
MapReduce which will provide accurate results in minimum response time.
SERVICE DISCOVERY – A SURVEY AND COMPARISONijujournal
With the increasing number of services in the internet, companies’ intranets, and home networks: service
discovery becomes an integral part of modern networked system. This paper provides a comprehensive
survey of major solutions for service discovery. We cover techniques and features used in existing systems.
Although a few survey articles have been published on this object, our contribution focuses on comparing
and analyzing surveyed solutions according eight prime criteria, which we have defined before. This
comparison will be helpful to determine limits of existing discovery protocols and identify future research
opportunities in service discovery.
SIX DEGREES OF SEPARATION TO IMPROVE ROUTING IN OPPORTUNISTIC NETWORKSijujournal
Opportunistic Networks are able to exploit social behavior to create connectivity opportunities. This
paradigm uses pair-wise contacts for routing messages between nodes. In this context we investigated if the
“six degrees of separation” conjecture of small-world networks can be used as a basis to route messages in
Opportunistic Networks. We propose a simple approach for routing that outperforms some popular
protocols in simulations that are carried out with real world traces using ONE simulator. We conclude that
static graph models are not suitable for underlay routing approaches in highly dynamic networks like
Opportunistic Networks without taking account of temporal factors such as time, duration and frequency of
previous encounters.
International Journal of Ubiquitous Computing (IJU)ijujournal
International Journal of Ubiquitous Computing (IJU) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that provides excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of ubiquitous computing. Current information age is witnessing a dramatic use of digital and electronic devices in the workplace and beyond. Ubiquitous Computing presents a rather arduous requirement of robustness, reliability and availability to the end user. Ubiquitous computing has received a significant and sustained research interest in terms of designing and deploying large scale and high performance computational applications in real life. The aim of the journal is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
PERVASIVE COMPUTING APPLIED TO THE CARE OF PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA IN HOMECARE...ijujournal
The aging population and the consequent increase in the incidence of dementias is causing many
challenges to health systems, mainly related to infrastructure, low services quality and high costs. One
solution is to provide the care at house of the patient, through of home care services. However, it is not a
trivial task, since a patient with dementia requires constant care and monitoring from a caregiver, who
suffers physical and emotional overload. In this context, this work presents an modelling for development of
pervasive systems aimed at helping the care of these patients in order to lessen the burden of the caregiver
while the patient continue to receive the necessary care.
A proposed Novel Approach for Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Miningijujournal
as the people are being dependent on internet the requirement of user view analysis is increasing
exponentially. Customer posts their experience and opinion about the product policy and services. But,
because of the massive volume of reviews, customers can’t read all reviews. In order to solve this problem,
a lot of research is being carried out in Opinion Mining. In order to solve this problem, a lot of research is
being carried out in Opinion Mining. Through the Opinion Mining, we can know about contents of whole
product reviews, Blogs are websites that allow one or more individuals to write about things they want to
share with other The valuable data contained in posts from a large number of users across geographic,
demographic and cultural boundaries provide a rich data source not only for commercial exploitation but
also for psychological & sociopolitical research. This paper tries to demonstrate the plausibility of the idea
through our clustering and classifying opinion mining experiment on analysis of blog posts on recent
product policy and services reviews. We are proposing a Nobel approach for analyzing the Review for the
customer opinion
International Journal of Ubiquitous Computing (IJU)ijujournal
International Journal of Ubiquitous Computing (IJU) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that provides excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of ubiquitous computing. Current information age is witnessing a dramatic use of digital and electronic devices in the workplace and beyond. Ubiquitous Computing presents a rather arduous requirement of robustness, reliability and availability to the end user. Ubiquitous computing has received a significant and sustained research interest in terms of designing and deploying large scale and high performance computational applications in real life. The aim of the journal is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.
USABILITY ENGINEERING OF GAMES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEASURING EXCITEMEN...ijujournal
Usability engineering and usability testing are concepts that continue to evolve. Interesting research studies
and new ideas come up every now and then. This paper tests the hypothesis of using an EDA-based
physiological measurements as a usability testing tool by considering three measures; which are observers‟
opinions, self-reported data and EDA-based physiological sensor data. These data were analyzed
comparatively and statistically. It concludes by discussing the findings that has been obtained from those
subjective and objective measures, which partially supports the hypothesis.
SECURED SMART SYSTEM DESING IN PERVASIVE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT USING VCSijujournal
Ubiquitous Computing uses mobile phones or tiny devices for application development with sensors
embedded in mobile phones. The information generated by these devices is a big task in collection and
storage. For further, the data transmission to the intended destination is delay tolerant. In this paper, we
made an attempt to propose a new security algorithm for providing security to Pervasive Computing
Environment (PCE) system using Public-key Encryption (PKE) algorithm, Biometric Security (BS)
algorithm and Visual Cryptography Scheme (VCS) algorithm. In the proposed PCE monitoring system it
automates various home appliances using VCS and also provides security against intrusion using Zigbee
IEEE 802.15.4 based Sensor Network, GSM and Wi-Fi networks are embedded through a standard Home
gateway.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKSijujournal
Routing protocols have an important role in any Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Researchers have
elaborated several routing protocols that possess different performance levels. In this paper we give a
performance evaluation of AODV, DSR, DSDV, OLSR and DYMO routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc
Networks (MANETS) to determine the best in different scenarios. We analyse these MANET routing
protocols by using NS-2 simulator. We specify how the Number of Nodes parameter influences their
performance. In this study, performance is calculated in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End to
End Delay, Normalised Routing Load and Average Throughput.
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a technique, used to convert scanned image into editable text
format. Many different types of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools are commercially available
today; it is a useful and popular method for different types of applications. OCR can predict the accurate
result depends on text pre-processing and segmentation algorithms. Image quality is one of the most
important factors that improve quality of recognition in performing OCR tools. Images can be processed
independently (.png, .jpg, and .gif files) or in multi-page PDF documents (.pdf). The primary objective of
this work is to provide the overview of various Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools and analyses of
their performance by applying the two factors of OCR tool performance i.e. accuracy and error rate.
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a technique, used to convert scanned image into editable text
format. Many different types of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools are commercially available
today; it is a useful and popular method for different types of applications. OCR can predict the accurate
result depends on text pre-processing and segmentation algorithms. Image quality is one of the most
important factors that improve quality of recognition in performing OCR tools. Images can be processed
independently (.png, .jpg, and .gif files) or in multi-page PDF documents (.pdf). The primary objective of
this work is to provide the overview of various Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools and analyses of
their performance by applying the two factors of OCR tool performance i.e. accuracy and error rate.
DETERMINING THE NETWORK THROUGHPUT AND FLOW RATE USING GSR AND AAL2Rijujournal
In multi-radio wireless mesh networks, one node is eligible to transmit packets over multiple channels to
different destination nodes simultaneously. This feature of multi-radio wireless mesh network makes high
throughput for the network and increase the chance for multi path routing. This is because the multiple
channel availability for transmission decreases the probability of the most elegant problem called as
interference problem which is either of interflow and intraflow type. For avoiding the problem like
interference and maintaining the constant network performance or increasing the performance the WMN
need to consider the packet aggregation and packet forwarding. Packet aggregation is process of collecting
several packets ready for transmission and sending them to the intended recipient through the channel,
while the packet forwarding holds the hop-by-hop routing. But choosing the correct path among different
available multiple paths is most the important factor in the both case for a routing algorithm. Hence the
most challenging factor is to determine a forwarding strategy which will provide the schedule for each
node for transmission within the channel. In this research work we have tried to implement two forwarding
strategies for the multi path multi radio WMN as the approximate solution for the above said problem. We
have implemented Global State Routing (GSR) which will consider the packet forwarding concept and
Aggregation Aware Layer 2 Routing (AAL2R) which considers the both concept i.e. both packet forwarding
and packet aggregation. After the successful implementation the network performance has been measured
by means of simulation study.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
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This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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Real time hand gesture recognition system for dynamic applications
1. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
DOI:10.5121/iju.2012.3103 21
REAL TIME HAND GESTURE RECOGNITION
SYSTEM FOR DYNAMIC APPLICATIONS
Siddharth S. Rautaray1
, Anupam Agrawal2
Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, India
{sr.rgpv@gmail.com1
, anupam69@gmail.com2
}
ABSTRACT
Virtual environments have always been considered as a means for more visceral and efficient human
computer interaction by a diversified range of applications. The spectrum of applications includes analysis
of complex scientific data, medical training, military simulation, phobia therapy and virtual prototyping.
Evolution of ubiquitous computing, current user interaction approaches with keyboard, mouse and pen are
not sufficient for the still widening spectrum of Human computer interaction. Gloves and sensor based
trackers are unwieldy, constraining and uncomfortable to use. Due to the limitation of these devices the
useable command set based diligences is also limited. Direct use of hands as an input device is an
innovative method for providing natural Human Computer Interaction which has its inheritance from text-
based interfaces through 2D graphical-based interfaces, multimedia-supported interfaces, to full-fledged
multi-participant Virtual Environment (VE) systems. Conceiving a future era of human-computer
interaction with the implementations of 3D application where the user may be able to move and rotate
objects simply by moving and rotating his hand - all without help of any input device.
The research effort centralizes on the efforts of implementing an application that employs computer vision
algorithms and gesture recognition techniques which in turn results in developing a low cost interface
device for interacting with objects in virtual environment using hand gestures. The prototype architecture
of the application comprises of a central computational module that applies the camshift technique for
tracking of hands and its gestures. Haar like technique has been utilized as a classifier that is creditworthy
for locating hand position and classifying gesture. The patterning of gestures has been done for recognition
by mapping the number of defects that is formed in the hand with the assigned gestures. The virtual objects
are produced using Open GL library. This hand gesture recognition technique aims to substitute the use of
mouse for interaction with the virtual objects. This will be useful to promote controlling applications like
virtual games, browsing images etc in virtual environment using hand gestures.
KEYWORDS
Hand gesture, virtual objects, virtual environment, tracking, recognition.
1. INTRODUCTION
The impendent of virtual environments brings in a whole new set of problems for user interfaces.
The unveiling of 3D objects and worlds in which the user is engrossed allows such people as
2. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
22
scientists, engineers, doctors and architects to envision composite structures and systems with
eminent degrees of quality and naturalism. Shutter glasses furnish a stereo or 3D view of the
scene, which is no longer confined to a desktop monitor, but may be a large table, projection
screen or room. The limiting component in these systems currently is the fundamental interaction.
Virtual environments seek to produce a world where the interaction experiences are real. Current
mechanical, acoustic and magnetic input devices track the user and provide control of movement,
selection and manipulation of objects in virtual scenes. Several tools are purported and used so far
to make such interaction more and more prompt and effortless. Touch screens are the most widely
used example: though the ramification of the underlying system is hidden from the user, and
makes it possible for a user to point to the choices as he could do in real life. The cost associated
to it is the major limitations of the aforesaid technology other limitations may be size, requirement
of a physical location, and other intrinsic limitation to 2D. Other more innovative devices
proposed for virtual reality include gloves or wearable tools such as mechanical sensors, actuators
and micro cameras [1]. They are capable to handle 3D worlds, making it natural and realistic, and
also provide in some implementations tactile sensations. Regrettably, their cost is usually very
high, and thus the user acceptance confined, hence making them more desirable for professional
applications such as a flight simulator or remote surgery equipment .However these interactions
are often limited and non rational, while the devices are awkward, unmanageable and prone to
distortion from the physical environment. We are interested in formulating an alternative, natural
interface that more intimately models the way we interact with the real world. The user should be
able to reach out, grab, point and move 3D objects just as we do with real objects.
These challenges open a new direction for human-computer interaction which combined with
computer vision techniques and it is possible to build an advanced input devices. The computer
vision devices can be implemented and upgrade to the new input devices in the future. It gives
the input command to the computer rather than just a function of taking photo or record video.
We can do more implementation to transform the computer vision devices to become an input
command device to reach the function as keyboard or mouse. One of the ways to give signal to
computer vision devices is by using hand gesture. More specifically hand gesture is used as the
signal or input modality to the computer. Certain signal can be recognized by computer as an
input of what computer should do. These will benefits the entire user without using a direct
device and can do what they want as long as the computer vision device can sense it. These make
computer user easier than using the keyboard or mouse. The future computer or laptop may
eliminate the use of keyboard and mouse by substituting with a vision-based interpretation
devices.
Interaction between humans comes from different sensory modes like gesture, speech, facial and
body expressions [2]. The main advantage of using hand gestures is to interact with computer as a
non-contact human computer input modality. The state of art of human computer interaction
presents the facts that for controlling the computer processes gestures of various types of hand
movements have been used .The present research effort defines an environment where a number
of challenges have been considered for obtaining the hand gesture recognition techniques in the
virtual environment. Being an interesting part of the Human computer interaction hand gesture
recognition needs to be robust for real life applications, but complex structure of human hand
presents a series of challenges for being tracked and interpreted. Other than the gesture
complexities like variability and flexibility of structure of hand other challenges include the shape
of gestures, real time application issues, presence of background noise and variations in
illumination conditions. The specifications also involve accuracy of detection and recognition for
3. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
23
real life applications [3].
The present research effort has a goal of developing an application using vision based hand
gestures for manipulation of objects in virtual environment. Our application presents a more
effective and user friendly methods of human computer interaction intelligently with the usage of
hand gestures. Functions of mouse like controlling of movement of virtual object have been
replaced by hand gestures. The complexity involved is with the detection and recognition phases
of the simulated virtual application. The challenges encountered are noisy environment which
creates a big impingement on the detection and recognition performance of human hand gestures.
The application has been designed to be cost effective and uses low cost input tools like webcam
for capturing hand as input. Manipulation of virtual objects has been done through modeling of
some predefined command based hand gestures.
2. STATE OF ART
In earlier days hand gesture detection was done using mechanical devices to obtain information
of the hand gesture [4]. One of the most widely used and accepted examples for hand gestures
recognition is data glove. Evolution of computer hardware improved a lot of in present scenario
this also effects the performance of computing. Enhancements of gesture recognition has replaced
the role of data gloves to non wearable devices due to its naturalness without using any device
this is quite user friendly in human computer interaction. One of the major drawbacks of data
glove is that it is cumbersome with the limitation of hand movement.
Figure 1. Three common stages of gesture recognition systems
Also vision is one of the major six physical senses that computer must be instantiated perceptibly
when communicated to humans [1]. So vision based approaches are preferred more than wearable
devices in hand gesture recognition. Generally there are three stages in most of the gesture
recognition systems. The three stages may be enumerated as image pre –processing tracking and
recognition stage [16] as shown in Figure 1.In tracking, there are several researchers who have
done the similar research like Viola-Jones based cascade classifier, commonly used for face
4. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
24
tracking in rapidly image processing [5]. Cascade classifiers are currently considered more robust
pattern detection against the noises and lighting conditions as well [6].
For tracking Viola-Jones and several other researchers have developed algorithms used for face
tracking in rapid image processing like HAAR cascade classifier. This is presently one of the
robust detection techniques under different constraints like noise [6].Gesture as input of human
computer interaction based applications is an emerging field in which many researchers have
worked and proposed different practical techniques. Jain [7] implemented a vision based hand
gesture pose estimation based application for mobile devices. Pavlovic et al. [8] accomplished in
their work that the gestures of users must be explained logically for developing a good human
computer interaction based system .Though the present technologies of gesture recognition are
not feasible in providing the logical explanations to the human gestures. Some of the major
challenges evolved in due course of time are the complexness and robustness of human gestures.
Another hand gesture recognition method based on input-output Hidden Markov Models of
tracking skin color blobs was proposed by Marcel et al. [9]. Controlling VLC media player using
hand gesture recognition is done in real time environment using vision based techniques [10]. The
sign language tutoring tool studied by Aran et al. [11] which their research designed to teaching
the fundamental of the sign language in interactive way.
Liu and Lovell [12] implemented a technique for real time tracking of hand capturing gestures
with the use of a web camera, personal computer and image processing algorithms making it
more users friendly. Chen et al. [13] implemented hidden Markov model technique for training
the hand gesture for recognizing the hand postures. Nevertheless, this model is more complicated
in training the hand gesture equated with Cascade classifiers. Lee et al. [14] developed a Virtual
Office Environment System (VOES), in which avatar is used navigate and interact with other
participants.
Contemporary works in hand gesture recognition by many researchers show that hand gesture
system can also be practically implemented into several type of application systems and various
environment . Ahn et al. [15] developed an interactive way of slide show presentation system in
the virtual environment. Research in hands, gestures and movement helps in developing models
of the human body. This makes it possible to solve the challenges from mathematical viewpoint.
How so ever, these techniques proposed are excessively complex and sophisticated for typical
application scenarios. Generally, pattern recognition methodologies are capable of solving the
problem with humbler hardware and computation necessities. In the present research effort, we
will consider these aspects by taking it as a reference to a smart interaction environment of virtual
object manipulation and control. Here the user can execute different actions that translate into a
command in an intelligent system and further execute the user requirements into practical actions.
3. APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
The application uses a combination of different computer vision techniques for hand gesture
recognition. It recognizes static hand gestures. Figure 2 shows the application architecture design
for manipulating virtual objects using hand gestures.
5. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
25
Figure 2. Application architecture design
Images are captured from camera and passed through following phases/techniques .Starting with
the acquisition phase that is the first phase. Since a standard input peripheral (keyboard, pointing
device) will be unacceptable in this application context. So we have focused on possible
alternatives by considering smart interfaces that have been inspired by natural behaviour of the
users in real-world actions. The choice of the capturing device is being done in accordance with
the idea of spreading the installation in homes, labs, play stations etc, hence maintaining the
resulting costs low. For this reason, special care has been taken to ensure good performance even
in the presence of low-cost cameras. The camera is supposed to be fixed, and illumination slowly
varying. Real-time constraints are being imposed for a careful design of the processing system.
To this purpose, the unnecessary information is first removed. In particular, a background
suppression procedure has been performed in the HSV colour space, in which the scene can be
modelled discarding illumination variations .Thus focusing the attention on areas corresponding
to human skin colour. The next section deals with the computer vision techniques/algorithms used
for hand tracking and recognition.
6. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
26
4. APPLICATIONS AND ANALYSIS
a) Virtual Reality: Gestures for virtual and augmented reality applications have experienced one
of the greatest levels of uptake in computing. Virtual reality interactions use gestures to enable
realistic manipulations of virtual objects using ones hands, for 3D display interactions or 2D
displays that simulate 3D interactions
b) Games: When, we look at gestures for computer games. Freeman tracked a player’s hand or
body position to control movement and orientation of interactive game objects such as cars.
Konrad et al. [10] used gestures to control the movement of avatars in a virtual world, and Play
Station 2 has introduced the Eye Toy, a camera that tracks hand movements for interactive games
c) Sign Language: Sign language is an important case of communicative gestures. Since sign
languages are highly structural, they are very suitable as test beds for vision algorithms [12]. At
the same time, they can also be a good way to help the disabled to interact with computers. Sign
language for the deaf (e.g. American Sign Language) is an example that has received significant
attention in the gesture literature [13, 14, 15 and 16].
4.1 Analysis Parameters
In order to find out the performance and viability of the proposed gesture recognition system
following testing and analysis parameters could be considered
a) Robustness: In the real-world, visual information could be very rich, noisy, and incomplete,
due to changing illumination, clutter and dynamic backgrounds, occlusion, etc. Vision-based
systems should be user independent and robust against all these factors.
b) Scalability: The Vision-based interaction system should be easily adapted to different scales of
applications. For e.g. the core of Vision-based interaction should be the same for desktop
environments, Sign Language Recognition, robot navigation and also for VE.
c) Computational Efficiency: Generally, Vision based interaction often requires real-time systems.
The vision and learning techniques/algorithms used in Vision-based interaction should be
effective as well as cost efficient.
d) User’s Tolerance: The malfunctions or mistakes of Vision-based interaction should be
tolerated. When a mistake is made, it should not incur much loss. Users can be asked to repeat
some actions, instead of letting the computer make more wrong decisions.
The computer vision techniques used in the application for manipulation of objects in virtual
environment have been implemented in C++ with the use of Open CV Library. The virtual
objects (front end) have been designed using OpenGL library. The hardware requirements of the
application to be implemented include computer with 1.99 GHz processor. The web cam used in
the experimental setup captures image sequences at the resolution of 320x240. Practical
experiments show that our application is implemented well in environments with little noises
(i.e., existence of objects whose color is similar to human skin) and with the balanced lightning
condition.
7. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
27
First, the user places his hand in front of the webcam. The webcam then detects the user’s hand
by creating a rectangle around it as shown in figure 5.
Figure 5. Hand Detected
Once the hand has been detected the application further tracks different gestures of the user
performed by his hand and generates contour around it.
i. Move Left ii. Move Right
iii. Move Up iv. Move Down
Figure 6. Gestures for manipulating objects in virtual environment.
The application uses seven hand gestures defined within the application for manipulation with
objects in virtual environment. Figure 6 shows the different gestures along with their assigned
commands (functions) to manipulate the objects in virtual environment.
5. RESULTS
Following figures shows the results obtained from different gestures used for manipulating
objects in virtual environment.
8. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
28
Depicting the objects in virtual environments where different objects are manipulated by hand
gestures. The red stick having a red ball is moving left direction as shown in the following figure
7.
Figure 7. Gesture for moving left
• Depicting the objects in virtual environments where different objects are manipulated by
hand gestures. The red stick having a red ball is moving right direction (away from blue
ball) as represented in figure 8
Figure 8. Gesture for moving right
• Depicting the gesture of moving up for manipulating the object in virtual environment in
up direction as shown in figure 9.
Figure 9. Gesture for moving up
• Depicting the gesture of moving down for manipulating the object in virtual environment
in down direction shown in figure 10.
9. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
29
Figure10. Gesture for moving down
6. CONCLUSION
In present environment a number of facilities and various modes for providing input to any
application are available. It is though unfortunate that with the ever increasing smart
environments and corresponding input technologies still not many applications are available
which are controlled using current and smart facility of providing input which is by hand gesture.
The most important advantage of the usage of hand gesture based input modes is that using this
method the user can interact with the application from a distance without using the keyboard or
mouse. The application of manipulating objects through hand gestures in virtual environment is
being proposed and implemented in the present paper provides a suitable efficient and user
friendly human computer interface. With the help of this application the user can interact with the
virtual objects using hand gesture instead of any other physical input devices .As the application
provides the flexibility to the users and specifically physically challenged users to define the
gesture according to their feasibility and ease of use.
7. FUTURE WORK
The present application though seems to be feasible and more user friendly in comparison to the
traditional input modes but is somewhat less robust in recognition phase. An attempt to make the
input modes less constraints dependent for the users hand gestures has been preferred. But
robustness of the application may be increased by applying some more robust algorithms that
may help to reduce noise and blur motion in order to have more accurate translation of gestures
into commands.
Another important aspect for the related development could be design of an independent gesture
vocabulary framework. This framework though could be independent of the application domain.
Also the framework may be useful for controlling different types of games and other applications
dependent on the controlled through user defined gestures.
10. International Journal of UbiComp (IJU), Vol.3, No.1, January 2012
30
REFERENCES
[1] Conic, N., Cerseato, P., De & Natale, F. G. B., (2007), “Natural Human- Machine Interface using an
Interactive Virtual Blackboard”, In Proceeding of ICIP 2007, pp.181-184.
[2] Ismail, N. A., & O’Brien, A., (2008), “ Enabling Multimodal Interaction in Web-Based Personal
Digital Photo Browsing”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and
Communication Engineering , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 13-15, pp. 907-910.
[3] Pang, Y. Y., Ismail, N. A., & Gilbert, P. L. S., (2010), “ A Real Time Vision-Based Hand Gesture
Interaction”, Fourth Asia International Conference on Mathematical Analytical Modelling and
Computer Simulation, pp. 237-242.
[4] Kortum, P., (2008) “HCI Beyond the GUI: Design for Haptic, Speech, Olfactory, and Other
Nontraditional Interfaces” Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, pp. 75-106.
[5] Viola & Jones, (2001), “Rapid object detection using boosted cascade of simple features", In
Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. I-511 - I-518.
[6] Chen, Q., Coredea, M. D., Petriu, E. M., Varkony, A. R., Koczy, I., & Whalen, T.E., (2009), “ Human
Computer Interaction for Smart Applications Using Hand Gesture and Facial Expressions,”
International Journal of Advanced Media and Communication, vol. 3c.1/2, pp. 95-109.
[7] Jain, G. (2009), “Vision-Based Hand Gesture Pose Estimation for Mobile Devices”, University of
Toronto.
[8] Pavlovic. V., Sharma, R., & Huang, T.S. (1997), “Visual interpretation of hand gestures for human-
computer interaction: A review.” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI),
7(19):pp. 677–695.
[9] Marcel, S., Bernier, O., Viallet, J. E., & Collobert, D (2000), “Hand Gesture Recognition using Input-
Output Hidden Markov Models.” In Proc. of the FG’2000 Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture
Recognition.
[10] Rautaray, S.S., & Agrawal, A. (2010), “A Novel Human Computer Interface Based On Hand Gesture
Recognition Using Computer Vision Techniques”, In Proceedings of ACM IITM’10, pp.292-296.
[11] Aran, O., Ari, I., Benoit, F., Campr, A., Carrillo, A. H., Fanard, Akarun, L., Caplier, a., Rombaut,
M., & Sankuru, B., (2006) “ Sign Language Tutoring Tool”, eNTERFACE 2006, The Summer
Workshop on Multimodal Interfaces, Croatia.
[12] Liu, N., & Lovell, B. (2001) “Mmx-accelerated realtime hand tracking system” In Proceedings of
IVCNZ.
[13] F. Chen, C. Fu, & C. Huang, 2003 , “Hand gesture recognition using a real-time tracking method and
hidden Markov models” Image and Vision Computing, pp. 745-758.
[14] Lee, C. S., Ghyme, S. W., Park, C. J., Wohn, K., (1998) “The Control of avatar motion using hand
gesture”, In Proceeding of Virtual Reality Software and technology (VRST), pp. 59-65.
[15] Ahn, S. C., Lee, T. S., Kim, I. J., Kwon, Y. M., & Kim, H. G. (2004),“ Computer Vision-Based
Interactive Presentation System,” Proceedings of Asian Conference for Computer Vision.
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31
[16] Moeslund, T. B., & Norgaard, L. (2002) “A brief overview of hand gestures used in wearable human
computer interfaces”, Technical report, Aalborg University, Denmark.
Authors
Mr. Siddharth Swarup Rautaray is a PhD student in the Department of Information
Technology at Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India. His research
interests are in human–computer Interactions, user interface design, and computer vision
image processing and graphics. He is a member of the IEEE Computer Society, ACM
SIGCHI and CSI. Contact him at sr.rgpv@gmail.com
Dr Anupam Agrawal received his Ph.D (Information Technology) degree from IIIT,
Allahabad (in association with IIT, Roorkee). He carried out his Post-Doctoral Research
work at the Department of Computing and Information System, University of
Bedfordshire (UK). He is presently working as an Associate Professor at Indian Institute
of Information Technology, Allahabad since 2006. His research interests include
Interactive Technologies and Human Computer Interaction, Computer Vision, Pattern
Recognition, Image Processing, AI and Soft Computing. He is a senior member of the ACM, the IEEE
Computer Society and CSI.