The document summarizes an electric ferry system called EZEferry that has no internal combustion engines. It identifies the system's unique aspects like zero emissions and reduced noise. The system uses large battery banks that are charged by utility power when docked. It describes the compact modular design and typical vessel arrangements. Performance is discussed as highly reliable with fast response times. An economic analysis finds the electric system results in significant fuel and maintenance savings over 35 years compared to diesel, with a payback period of around 3 years.

1. presented by
Rick Hawrylak
Joe Payne PE LEED APJoe Payne, PE, LEED AP
PVA Green WatersPVA Green Waters
Conference
20162016

2. Id tif t ti lIdentify cost, operational,
maintenance andmaintenance, and
environmental benefits of a
battery-powered
all-electric ferry

3. Agenda
 Unique aspects of EZEferry system
 System description/arrangement System description/arrangement
 Performance, reliability, safety
 Economic analysis
 Summary Summary

4. EZEferry Teamf y
Naval ArchitectSystem Designer
Power Electronics Integrator/Supplier
Battery System Integrator/Supplier

5. Unique aspects of EZEferry system
No internal combustion engines
 All main propulsion engines and ship service
q p f y y
 All main propulsion engines and ship service
generators are eliminated (minimum of four
engines on most ferries)g )
 No engine maintenance
 Engine overhauls Engine overhauls
 Oil changes
N f l t k f l il t No fuel tanks or fuel oil systems
 No fuel spills
 No trips to fueling dock

6. Unique aspects of EZEferry system
No internal combustion engines
 No engine cooling systems No engine cooling systems
 No engine starting systems
 No Class-A machinery space and the associates
fire protection requirements
 Significant reduction in vessel noise
 ZERO Emissions
 No exhaust piping or mufflers
 Lots of happy neighbors! Lots of happy neighbors!

7. Unique aspects of EZEferry system
Main power system
 Propulsion and ship service powered supplied by Propulsion and ship service powered supplied by
two battery banks
 Battery banks are charged when in port utilizing Battery banks are charged when in port, utilizing
600Vac-690Vac utility power
 Battery bank configuration and type of battery is Battery bank configuration and type of battery is
dependent upon operational profile: may be sized
for one complete round-trip or multiple trips (plusfor one complete round trip or multiple trips (plus
reserve)

8. Unique aspects of EZEferry system
Compact main power module
(patent pending)(patent pending)
 All battery bank, charging system and main
power/inverter components contained in twopower/inverter components contained in two
standard ISO containers
All t i d d t t d b f All systems are wired up and pre-tested before
shipment to shipyard
Si ifi t d ti i i t l Significant reduction in space requirements on vessel
 Plug-N-Play installation (cabling and cooling hoses)
 Major reduction in shipyard installation costs

9. C t i d l
Unique aspects of EZEferry system
Compact main power module
(patent pending)(p p g)

10. C t i d l
Unique aspects of EZEferry system
Compact main power module
(patent pending)(p p g)

11. Unique aspects of EZEferry system
Equipment Scope of Supply
 Main Battery Banks
q p f y y
 Main Battery Banks
 Battery Monitoring System (BMS)
 Main Power/Inverter Cabinet
 Rectifier/Charging Units
 900Vdc Distribution
 Main Propulsion Inverter/Motor Drivesp
 DC/DC Converter (Battery Isolation)
 Ship Service Power Invertersp
 Main Propulsion Motors

12. Unique aspects of EZEferry system
Vessel Arrangements
q p f y y
 Vessel arrangements are significantly
i lifi d d t th li i ti fsimplified due to the elimination of many
engine and fuel support systems
 Battery/inverter modules can be easily
arranged around the required structural
support

13. Unique aspects of EZEferry system
Typical arrangement
q p f y y

14. Unique aspects of EZEferry system
Typical arrangement
q p f y y

15. EZEferry System
Performance, Reliability, & Safety
f y y
 Response of electric propulsion motors much
faster than direct-drive diesels.
 When slowing, propulsion motors act as
generators to charge batteries (regeneration)
d d i d f tilitand reduce power required from utility.
 Other than Propulsion Motors, there are NO
moving parts in this system. Extremely low
maintenance and high reliability.

16. EZEferry System
Performance, Reliability, & Safety
 Charging Cabinets are EACH capable of
f y y
 Charging Cabinets are EACH capable of
charging entire battery bank within the required
time (100% redundant)time (100% redundant)
 Inverter/drive modules and propulsion motors
are proven technology; utilized in industrial andare proven technology; utilized in industrial and
marine applications world-wide
 System can be configured such that in the System can be configured such that in the
event of an inverter failure, either motor can be
supplied from the opposite invertersupplied from the opposite inverter

17. EZEferry System
Performance, Reliability, & Safety
 Batteries
f y y
 Batteries
 Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)
Entirel maintenance free Entirely maintenance-free
 High charge and discharge rates
A t ti ll it i b l i d Automatic cell monitoring, balancing and
isolation (with remote monitoring available)
NMC h i t l t d f thi ifi NMC chemistry was selected for this specific
operating and charging profile. Different chemistry
may be appropriate for other scenariosmay be appropriate for other scenarios.

18. Economic Anal sis
EZEferry System
Economic Analysis
(why this makes sense!)
 Internal comb stion engines are generall 30 40%
f y y
 Internal combustion engines are generally 30-40%
efficient
 Engines idling at dock or slow speeds are VERY Engines idling at dock or slow speeds are VERY
inefficient
 Large electric motors are generally 96-98% Large electric motors are generally 96-98%
efficient.
 Modern inverters are 95-97% efficient Modern inverters are 95 97% efficient.
 EZEferry system is ~85-90% efficient
(utility to shaft)(utility to shaft)

19. EZEferry System
Economic Analysis
 Operating profile: 30 car, double-ended ferry
f y y
 600HP main propulsion engines
 25-30kW of hotel (ship service) load
 Maximum power required: ~500kW
 5-minute crossingg
 15-minutes at island
 20-minutes at mainland, charging batteries, g g
 45-minute total round-trip
 24 round-trips per day, 365 days per year24 round trips per day, 365 days per year

20. EZEferry
Economic Analysis: Capital Costs
C t f 600HP EZEf t $2 3M
EZEferry
 Cost of a 600HP EZEferry system: $2.3M
(includes $200k for shore facilities)
 Cost of a 600HP direct-drive system: $1.7M
(estimated using two Cat C18 Tier 3 engines)(estimated using two Cat C18 Tier 3 engines)

21. EZEferry
Economic Analysis: Annual Costs
T t l d i d t i 82kWH
EZEferry
 Total energy used in one round-trip: 82kWH
 With 85% system efficiency: 82kWH/trip =
2315kWH/d2315kWH/day
 Utility energy cost: 5.98¢/kWH = $51.6k/year
 Utility demand cost (PSE Schedule 26):
$10.90/kW/month = $51.6k/yr *
 Total power cost: $102k/year
(No regeneration included in this calculation)

22. EZEferry System
Economic Analysis: Annual Costs
 Electric system (4-trip reserve capacity)
f y y
y ( p p y)
 Energy: $102k/year
 Batteries: $41k/yr
 System maintenance: $7k/yr
 Total: $150k/yr
 Cost of diesel version: $3.00/gal $4.00/gal
 Fuel: ($3.50/$4.00 gal) $144k/yr $192k/yr
 LO/System maintenance: $170k/yr
 Total: $314k/yr $362k/yr
S i $188k/ ( 3 2 b k) Savings: ~$188k/yr (~3.2 year payback)

23. EZEferry System
Economic Analysis
~$185k/yr savings (1st 12 years)
ferry Syste
$185k/yr savings (1 12 years)
~$230k/yr savings (yr 13-24)
~$270k/yr savings (yr 25-36)
50% reduction in current fuel and50% reduction in current fuel and
engine maintenance costs
$8 2M i i 35 $8.2M savings in 35 years
* These savings reflect anticipated reductions in battery
replacement costs. Changes in diesel fuel & electric rates,
and regeneration savings are not included in this analysis.

24. EZEferry System
Economic Analysis
 Gi en the rapid ad ance in batter technolog
ferry Syste
 Given the rapid advance in battery technology,
expect the battery replacement cost to drop
significantly reducing annual operating costssignificantly, reducing annual operating costs
even further. 50% reduction in the next 5-10 years
would not be unexpected.p
 Also expect fuel prices to increase and
emission standards to become even tighter,
substantially increasing the capital and operating
costs of any internal combustion system.

25. Summary
EZEferry provides
EZE l t tiEZE vessel construction
EZE vessel operationp
EZE vessel maintenance
Z i iZero emissions
 Elimination of 560 tons green house gases
every year
 Significant reduction in operating costs

26. EZEEZE
Electric Zero Emissions
TM
Electric Zero Emissions
Joe Payne
Joe.Payne@EESImarine.com
T l/T 6Tel/Text: 360.710.1424
Rick HawrylakRick Hawrylak
RHawrylak@SpearPS.com
Tel: 281.808.496949 9