The document evaluates applying an Electric-Turbo-Compound system to recover waste heat from marine diesel engines. Modeling shows a system with an expansion ratio of 1.5 and engine design point of 85% could generate 490kWe per engine on a frigate, saving 43 tons of fuel annually and reducing payback time to 4.2 years with projected 2021 costs. Overall, the analysis found waste heat recovery via Electric-Turbo-Compound can provide cost-effective emissions reductions on certain vessel types.
Diesel Adaptation for the Toyota Prius Hybrid SystemV-Motech
A study about adapting a Diesel Engine into the Toyota Prius THS-IV generation in order to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption and meet the upcoming emissions requirements and regulations. The study also introduces different powertrain configurations like the Plug in Hybrid powertrain and a Turbocharged Gasoline Engine to have a better comparison among the different powertrain configurations.
we were asked to study the feasibility of a 9E.03 CCGT application for a potential project in Myanmar. In short : doesnt makes sense. No redundancy and high heat rate due to limited gas volume.
Effect Of Compression Ratio On The Performance Of Diesel Engine At Different ...IJERA Editor
Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology has long been recognized as a method for improving the
automobile engine performance, efficiency, fuel economy with reduced emission. The main feature of the VCR
engine is to operate at different compression ratio, by changing the combustion chamber volume, depending on
the vehicle performance needs .The need to improve the performance characteristics of the IC Engine has
necessitated the present research. Increasing the compression ratio to improve on the performance is an option.
The compression ratio is a factor that influences the performance characteristics of internal combustion engines.
This work is an experimental investigation of the influence of the compression ratio on the brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake mean effective pressure and specific fuel consumption of the Kirloskar variable
compression ratio duel fuel engine. Compression Ratios of 14, 15, 16 and 18 and engine loads of 3kg to 12 kg,
in increments of 3kg, were utilized for Diesel.
Developing a new generation of energy efficiency products for reciprocating e...Bowman Power
Learn how a new energy efficiency product gets made, from opportunity to concept, design, validation and production, with this free presentation from the 73rd Indonesia National Electricity Day & POWER-GEN Asia. #PGASIA
Drivemode Next Generation Electric Drivetrains for Fully Electric Vehicles Leonardo ENERGY
Presentation of the final event for the three GV04 projects: ReFreeDrive, ModulED and Drivemode. Recordings available at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUFRNkTrB5O-38psbMgeWAvzXQ5QWzNsk.
Integrated Modular Distributed Drivetrain for Electric & Hybrid Vehicles
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Evaluation of Electric-Turbo-Compounding Technology applied to Marine Diesel-Engines for Waste Heat Recovery
1. Evaluation of Electric-Turbo-Compound applied to Marine
Diesel-Engines for Waste Heat Recovery
October 4th, 2018
Prof Richard Bucknall (UCL)
Presenter: Dr Santiago Suárez de la Fuente (UCL)
Dr Shinri Szymko (Bowman Power Group Ltd.)
Will Bowers (Bowman Power Group Ltd.)
Alastair Sim (Rolls-Royce)
Presenter: Keith Douglas (Bowman Power Group Ltd.)
3. Introduction
Innovate UK project [101987]: Vessel efficiency at sea, Marine ETC
Lead Partner: Bowman Power Group Ltd
Partners: Lloyd’s Register, Rolls-Royce and UCL
Length: 30 months (between 2015 and 2018)
Objectives:
• To develop a new, marine-capable ETC system for 4-stroke diesel engines
(< 4 MW);
• To develop a market study for the new ETC system;
• To model the ETC system performance on different ships, layouts and
operational profiles; and
• To open new development roads for the marine ETC.
4. Objectives
• Model and test different ETC designs for the Frigate’s diesel
engines and quantify:
• ETC electric power output
• Fuel savings
• CO2 emission reductions
• Secondary impacts Cylinder backpressure
• Initial cost
• Payback time
What are the benefits and secondary impacts when
installing an ETC system on-board a Frigate?
5. • Exhaust gas, with high temperature and pressure flows
from the engine and enters the ETC 1000
• The stationary Nozzle Guide Vanes (NGV) direct and
accelerate the flow toward the rotating rotor blades
downstream
• The flow from the NGV transfers the exhaust energy (high
temperature and high pressure) to the turbine blades and
rotor
• The gases exit the ETC 1000 at close to the exhaust stack
• The rotor is connected to the high speed alternator
producing a non-stable AC current, which is exported to the
Power Electronics unit
• This AC input current is converted to DC before final
conversion to 3 phase AC grid quality (50/60Hz) output
(Can also be used to power site auxiliaries or charge
batteries for hybrid solutions)
KEY COMPONENTS
Turbo
Generator
Power
Electronics
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
6. EXAMPLE ETC SYSTEM SET UP
1: TURBO GENERATOR
Located downstream of the
engine’s turbocharger to recover
further energy. Produces
electricity typically > 1000 Hz
3: POWER ELECTRONICS
The high frequency electricity is
converted to grid quality
electricity at 50/60 Hz
Also available in single system
set up
2: TURBOCHARGER
To maintain engine performance
this is re-matched to work with
the turbo generator
2
1
3
7. ELECTRIC TURBO-COMPOUNDING (ETC)
ETC is currently applied: 1 - In-line with the engine’s turbocharger as shown:
1. ETC power is increased by decreasing the TG NGV, thus increasing back pressure on
the TC, slowing it and dragging down the air fuel ratio (AFR)
Increased combustion & exhaust temperatures and pumping losses
2. This is offset by decreasing the TC NGV, increasing TC speed and AFR
Further increased pumping losses, residual fraction & firing pressures
1
2
TG & TC NGV’s optimised together to maximise ETC power within engine limits
8. EFFECT ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Temperature
(°C)
Engine Baseline
System Optimisation
50
150
250
350
450
Pressure(kPa)
1. Increased dP across engine leads to pumping
losses. At constant fuel consumption this results in
a decrease in engine power
2. Increased engine out pressure results in increased
expansion ratio for turbocharging system and more
power extracted from exhaust gases
Increased system power
Typical pressures and temperatures for
ETC application
2
1
2
1
1
2
9. ELECTRIC TURBO-COMPOUNDING (ETC)
ETC is currently applied: 1 - In-line with the engine’s turbocharger as shown:
Engine size
Fuel
Type
Typical fuel saving and /
or Power uplift
Typical ROI payback (months)
0.5 – 2.5MWe
Natural Gas 3 – 5%
18 - 30Bio Gas / Low BTU 5 – 7%
Diesel 4 – 7%
10. WASTEGATE VARIANT
Engine size
Fuel
Type
Typical fuel saving and /
or Power uplift
Typical ROI payback (months)
10 - 20MWe Natural Gas 1 – 3 % 24 - 36
ETC is currently applied: 2 - Parallel to the engine’s turbocharger as shown:
11. OTHER ADVANTAGES
Downsizing the engine’s turbo brings through increased AFR at idle, low speeds and loads:
• Better transient response and acceleration
• Lower transient emissions (NOx and PM)
• Reduced Methane slip / UHC emissions (SI gas engines)
12. Case Study - Frigate
• Propulsion layout = CODLOG
• Engines = 4 x MTU4000 (20 cylinder each) 16 MW
• Electrical Generator Efficiency = 91%
• Gas Turbine = 1 36 MW (Out of the scope of this work)
• Hotel Demand = 1.9 MWe (Assumed constant)
• Fuel (Diesel engines) = F76 (42,700 kJ/kg)
[CF = 3.206 t CO2/t of fuel ]
[Cost = £392.9/t – average between April 2017 and April 2018]
[1]
13. Case Study - Frigate
Power Curve Assumed a cubic relationship
14. • Propulsion layout = CODLOG
• Engines = 4 x MTU4000 (20 cylinder each) 16 MW
• Gas Turbine = 1 36 MW (Out of the scope of this work)
• Hotel Demand = 1.9 Mwe (Assumed constant)
• Fuel (Diesel engines) = F76 (42,700 kJ/kg)
• Maximum Speed Diesel only (kn) = 20.0
• Maximum Speed (kn) = 30.0
• Operational time (days) = 215 (59% of a year)
Case Study - Frigate
[1]
17. Approach
A sensitivity analysis was performed:
• ETC Design Expansion Ratios
(ER):
• 1.1 – 1.7 in steps of 0.2
• 4-stroke diesel engine Design
Point (DP):
• 75% & 85% MCRe
• Operational Point (OP):
• 57% to 95% MCRe 9 points
• One year operation
[2]
18. Results
ETC Electric Power Output (per engine)
18
Larger design ER produce more electrical
power.
• 680 KWe (ER 1.7) vs 220 kWe (ER 1.1)
Higher DP loads produce less electrical power
for the same loading condition and ER.
• ER 1.7: 680 kWe vs 600 kWe
• Better efficiencies and higher ER when
the DP is set at 75% MCRe
Low design ER do not produce electrical
power when:
• DP is @ 75% MCRe and OP < 65% MCRe
• DP is @ 85% MCRe and OP < 70% MCRe.
19. Results
Pressure before the TC turbine
Low DP and ER reduce the
backpressure at low loads
• Better TC efficiency
High ER for any DP can reach a change
above 40% at any loading condition
(Max. 68% change)
• This will be an important issue with respect
to NOx formation Engine recertification
may be needed
• Exhaust gas leaking to intake manifold
combustion temperature increase
20. Results
Mechanical Power Reduction per Cylinder
20
Drop in mechanical power:
• Increase in cylinder backpressure
Pumping losses rise
• Lower electrical demand due to ETC
operation
Larger change happens with larger ER &
lower loading at DP and larger OP
Larger ETC Power = Larger Mechanical
Power Reduction
21. Results
Annual Overall Fuel Savings
Frigate annual fuel consumption 680 t (633 t from the 4-stroke & 47 t gas
turbine)
CO2 emissions 2,180 t (2,030 t from the 4-stroke & 150 t gas turbine)
• 60 t of fuel reduced (More than what the GT consumes)
• And 190 t of CO2
• And £23,500
• But there is an important increment in backpressure
ETC Expansion Ratio
(-)
Engine Design Point
(% MCRe)
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7
75 2.1% 5.2% 7.3% 8.8%
85 1.0% 4.2% 6.4% 7.9%
22. Results
Initial and Running Costs (Best estimated)
• ETC (110 kWe kit)
• Specific cost = £700/kWe (Today) Target 2021 = £350/kWe
• Running cost = £0.30/h
• Lowest overall cost = £0.39 million (DP 85% MCRe & ER 1.1)
• 2 - 110 kWe ETC per engine
• Highest overall cost = £1.55 million (DP 75% MCRe & ER 1.7)
• 7 - 110 kWe ETC per engine
£0.19 million
£0.78 million
2021
23. Results
Carbon Emission Reduction Costs
•Assuming an operative life of 25 years, reducing CO2
emissions could cost:
• DP 85% MCRe & ER 1.1 (Lowest total cost) = £620/t CO2
• DP 85% MCRe & ER 1.5 (Mid total cost) = £190/t CO2
• DP 75% MCRe & ER 1.7 (Highest total cost) = £200/t CO2
[3]
£95/t CO2
£100/t CO2
2021
£310/t CO2
24. Results
Payback Time
Shortest payback time is 8.4 years DP 85% MCRe with ER 1.5
• Lower initial cost
• Frigate navigates only 59% of the year and the 4-stroke diesel + ETC just 31%
25. Results
Payback Time (Other ships)
Ship Type DWT
ETC
Location
Number of ETC
per Engine (-)
Ship Fuel
Savings (%)
Payback Time
(Years)
Coastal Cargo 6,500 ME 1 3.2 3.9
Dry Bulk 96,140 AE 2 7.4 5.2
PSV (Small) 1,315 AE 2 7.3 5.2
PSV (Medium) 4,470 AE 3 5.2 7.5
Passenger (Small) 527 ME 2 3.0 9.0
Passenger (Medium) 5,770 AE 4 5.6 7.1
Tanker 363,280 AE 2 1.2 2.3
Optimum payback time depends on:
• Ship utilisation
• How the ship is being operated (ETC utilisation)
• Complexity
26. Results
Payback Time (Other ships)
Ship Type DWT
ETC
Location
Number of ETC
per Engine (-)
Ship Fuel
Savings (%)
Payback Time
– 2021 Costs
(Years)
Coastal Cargo 6,500 ME 1 3.2 1.8
Dry Bulk 96,140 AE 2 7.4 2.6
PSV (Small) 1,315 AE 2 7.3 2.6
PSV (Medium) 4,470 AE 3 5.2 3.8
Passenger (Small) 527 ME 2 3.0 4.5
Passenger (Medium) 5,770 AE 4 5.6 3.6
Tanker 363,280 AE 2 1.2 1.2
Optimum payback time depends on:
• Ship utilisation
• How the ship is being operated (ETC utilisation)
• Complexity
27. Conclusions
Performed ETC sensitivity analysis and found that the
frigate will benefit from an ETC with a:
Design point at 85% MCRe with a design ER of 1.5
• Initial cost of £1.1 million 5-110 kWe ETC per engine
• Max. electrical power output per engine (kWe) = 490
• Max. cylinder backpressure change (kPa) = 116 (40%)
• Annual fuel savings (t) = 43 (140 t CO2)
• Cost CO2 reduction (£/t CO2) = 195
• Payback time (years) = 8.4
• Payback time (years, specific costs 2021) = 4.2 years