This document defines and describes experimental research. It discusses that experimental research is the best way to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables. It is unique in that it attempts to directly influence and manipulate variables to test hypotheses. The researcher decides on and administers treatments to experimental groups, then observes and measures the dependent variable outcomes. Random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups is important to control for extraneous variables. Weaker experimental designs lack controls for threats to internal validity like the one-shot case study, one-group pretest-posttest design, and static-group comparison design.
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Research Design: single subject design -
History of studying the individual
Single subject research
Features of single subject designs
Reversal designs
Multiple baseline designs
Data analysis in single subject research
Advantages of single subject research
Disadvantages of single subject research
Slides of the lecturer given by me on 30-03-2015 at Seminar Library, Department of Psychology, University of Sindh, Pakistan; as part of the Research Methods in Psychology Course.
This presentation is for educational purpose only. I do not own the rights to written material or pictures or illustrations used.
This is being uploaded for students who are in search of, or trying to understand how a quasi-experimental research design should look like.
The present ppt will help the student to get the idea of response set or bias. The ppt will help the learner to understand various types of biases and techniques for controlling them.
In this ppt the viewer will able to know about Types of Experimental Design. During the research design what kind of experimental design is applicable? Why experimental design needed in experimental research. Experimental research is research conducted with a scientific approach using two sets of variables. The first set acts as a constant, which you use to measure the differences of the second set. (Example: Temperature & Time in reactor)
Portion explained:
1. Definition of Experimental research
2. Situations to conduct Experimental Research
3. Types of experimental research design
4. Pre-experimental research design
5. True experimental research design
6. Quasi-experimental research design
7. Advantages of experimental research
Qualitative methods in Psychology ResearchDr. Chinchu C
An introduction to Qualitative Methods in Psychology. Intended mostly for UG/PG students. Conveys the essentials of Ontology and Epistemology and moves on to the popular methods in Qualitative Psychological Research
Research Design: single subject design -
History of studying the individual
Single subject research
Features of single subject designs
Reversal designs
Multiple baseline designs
Data analysis in single subject research
Advantages of single subject research
Disadvantages of single subject research
Slides of the lecturer given by me on 30-03-2015 at Seminar Library, Department of Psychology, University of Sindh, Pakistan; as part of the Research Methods in Psychology Course.
This presentation is for educational purpose only. I do not own the rights to written material or pictures or illustrations used.
This is being uploaded for students who are in search of, or trying to understand how a quasi-experimental research design should look like.
The present ppt will help the student to get the idea of response set or bias. The ppt will help the learner to understand various types of biases and techniques for controlling them.
In this ppt the viewer will able to know about Types of Experimental Design. During the research design what kind of experimental design is applicable? Why experimental design needed in experimental research. Experimental research is research conducted with a scientific approach using two sets of variables. The first set acts as a constant, which you use to measure the differences of the second set. (Example: Temperature & Time in reactor)
Portion explained:
1. Definition of Experimental research
2. Situations to conduct Experimental Research
3. Types of experimental research design
4. Pre-experimental research design
5. True experimental research design
6. Quasi-experimental research design
7. Advantages of experimental research
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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2. DEFINING
Experimental
research is the best way to
establish the cause and effect relationship
among variables.
It
is only type of research that directly
attempts to influence a particular
variable, and when properly applied, it is
the best type for testing hypotheses about
cause and effect
3. UNIQUENESS OF EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
Experimental Research is unique in two
important respects:
1)
2)
Only type of research that attempts to influence a
particular variable
Best type of research for testing hypotheses about
cause-and-effect relationships
Experimental Research looks at the following
variables:
Independent variable (treatment)
Dependent variable (outcome)
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
The researcher manipulates the independent variable.
They decide the nature and the extent of the
treatment.
After the treatment has been administered,
researchers observe or measure the groups receiving
the treatments to see if they differ.
Experimental research enables researchers to go
beyond description and prediction, and attempt to
determine what caused effects.
5. COMPARISON OF GROUPS
• Most experimental studies measure the impact
of treatments against a comparison or control group.
Sometimes the control condition is defined as one to
which the treatment is NOT applied. Sometimes
different treatments are compared against each other.
• the control or the comparison group is crucially
important in all experimental research, for it enables the
researcher to determine whether one treatment is more
effective than another.
6. MANIPULATION OF THE INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE
• the researcher manipulates independent
variable. This means that the experimenter actually
changes the value of that variable in a systematic
way. This variable, which is called the independent
variable, is the one that the researcher believes is the
cause. The other variable, which the researcher
believes is the effect, is called the dependent
variable.
7. RANDOMIZATION
Random assignment is similar but not identical to
random selection.
Random assignment means that every individual who
is participating in the experiment has an equal
chance of being assigned to any of the experimental or
control groups.
Random selection means that every member of a
population has an equal chance of being selected to be
a member of the sample.
Three things occur with random assignments of
subjects:
1) It takes place before the experiment begins
2) Process of assigning the groups takes place
3) Groups should be equivalent
8. CONTROL OF EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES
The
researcher has the ability to control many
aspects of an experiment.
It is the responsibility of the researcher to
control for possible threats to internal validity.
This is done by ensuring that all subject
characteristics that might affect the study are
controlled.
9. WEAK EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
The following designs are considered weak since they
do not have built-in controls for threats to internal
validity
The One-Shot Case Study
The One-Group-Pretest-Posttest Design
A single group is exposed to a treatment and its effects are
assessed
Single group is measured both before and after a treatment
exposure
The Static-Group Comparison Design
Two intact groups receive two different treatments
10. Example of a One-Shot Case Study Design
(Figure 13.1)
11. Example of a One-Group Pretest-Posttest
Design (Figure 13.2)
12. Example of a Static-Group Comparison
Design (Figure 13.3)
13. Example of a Randomized Posttest-Only
Control Group Design (Figure 13.4)