Exhibition and Trends
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The document discusses various aspects of film exhibition and distribution. It describes how films progress from theatrical release in cinemas to subsequent releases on home video formats, pay TV, and free to air television. Originally theatrical windows were 6 months but have since shrunk to 4 months, which studios prefer but cinema chains oppose. The document also discusses simultaneous and straight-to-video releases, as well as new strategies like premiering films on video-on-demand before a limited cinema run.
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1) Production refers to the development process of making a film, from developing the idea to filming and editing.
2) Distribution is the process by which the studio licenses the film to distribution companies who market and distribute the film to cinemas and other exhibitors.
3) Exhibition is how the completed film reaches the public through cinemas, DVDs, online platforms, and television.
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The size of a film's reach, or audience, depends on its potential for profit. Distributors take risks by spending heavily on widespread advertising, which could lead to large profits if the film is popular, or losses if it is not well received. Their distribution plan identifies the target audience and budget to determine how and where the film is promoted.
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1) It defines film distribution as everything that happens between production and exhibition, including acquiring legal rights, marketing, and releasing prints/files to cinemas and stores.
2) It discusses major distributors that control much of the industry through vertical and horizontal integration, as well as the top 5 distributors in the UK.
3) It explains important distribution concepts like local distribution, the advantages of major studios over independent producers, and the transition to digital distribution and projection.
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Film distribution involves an organization representing and selling a film to the public and companies. The distributor handles the initial release in one country, as well as home video and streaming releases. They also promote the film at festivals and through advertising. Distribution is crucial as it connects the audience with completed films. The most successful distribution integrates production and exhibition under one company's control.
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A film distributor is an independent company that markets and circulates movies to theaters and home viewers. Distribution involves finding the largest possible audience for a film. Distributors aim to convince exhibitors like movie theaters to show the film. They arrange screenings and use marketing techniques. Once contracted, the distributor ensures enough film prints are made and shipped to theaters on opening day. They also create advertisements. As an example, the independent film Bullet Boy was released on 75 prints in the UK through the distributor Verve Pictures, who aimed to appeal to diverse audiences through newspaper ads and a poster conveying the film's tone.
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The document discusses film distribution, which involves marketing and circulating films in theaters and home viewing formats. A distributor's main objectives are to persuade exhibitors to show the film and set up screenings. They will advertise through posters, videos, and arrange release dates and territories. Distributors must secure contracts specifying payment from ticket sales. They ensure copies are delivered on time and monitor showings. Considerations include targeting the right audience, competition, and star power. Distribution deals and formats vary between large Hollywood films and smaller independent or foreign films.
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A Field in England utilized synergistic partnerships with Film 4, Channel 4, and BFI to fund, market, and distribute the film across multiple platforms simultaneously. It targeted a niche audience of older, middle-class viewers interested in history and independent films. Pacific Rim had a large budget from parent company Time Warner and worked with subsidiaries like NECA for merchandise and Legendary Pictures for production. It used extensive viral and cross-platform marketing techniques to appeal to both male and female audiences around the world. Both films leveraged technological convergence for digital distribution while A Field in England was more limited by its smaller budget.
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The document discusses the issues raised by media ownership and consolidation in the film industry, using Working Title Films as a case study. It describes how Working Title started as an independent production company but sought financial backing from larger media companies like Polygram and Universal Studios. While this provided security, it also meant Working Title had to consider mass audience appeal. The document analyzes how Working Title both retains creative autonomy but also faces pressure to achieve box office success for its studio owner Universal.
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Film distributors in the UK spend £300 million annually bringing new releases to audiences. They identify films' target audiences and develop release strategies to maximize box office returns. A film's performance in its first 3 days generates 30% of total sales. Distributors consider a film's marketability, playability, director and stars when planning saturation or specialized releases across 1000+ screens or select theaters, respectively, to best reach interested audiences.
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What kind of Institution might distribute your media project and why ?
What kind of Institution might distribute your media project and why ?
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1) It defines film distribution as everything that happens between production and exhibition, including acquiring legal rights, marketing, and releasing prints/files to cinemas and stores.
2) It discusses major distributors that control much of the industry through vertical and horizontal integration, as well as the top 5 distributors in the UK.
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This document defines key terms related to film distribution and explains the film distribution process. It discusses how major film studios and independent producers distribute films differently. Film distribution involves acquiring legal rights to show a film, marketing and releasing prints/files to cinemas and stores. It is important for distributors to strategically plan cinema releases and marketing campaigns to maximize box office profits. The transition to digital distribution and projection has made the process more efficient but also benefits larger studios.
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The major studios dominate film production, distribution, and exhibition through vertical and horizontal integration within large media conglomerates. They produce and distribute big-budget blockbusters to mass audiences. Independent studios produce and distribute smaller, art house films but many are being acquired by the majors. The majors exploit multiple distribution windows and use cross-promotional synergies to maximize profits from successful films. They widely release films through multiplex theaters and spend heavily on marketing. Independents struggle to access distribution and exhibition and rely on film festivals and word-of-mouth for success.
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The document discusses key concepts related to film distribution, including:
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The film industry is dominated by six major studios that are part of large media conglomerates. These studios vertically integrate production, distribution, and exhibition to maximize profits. They produce big-budget blockbusters using established concepts to minimize risk. Studios distribute films through numerous windows to generate revenue, and use marketing synergies within their conglomerates. They give major films wide releases in multiplexes, which are more profitable than individual theaters. Independent distributors sell lower-budget art films, but successful companies are often acquired by conglomerates. Independent films strive for festivals to attract distributors for wider release due to limited access to major networks.
Institutions and audiences overview of industry-1
The film industry is dominated by six major studios that are part of large media conglomerates. These studios produce big-budget blockbuster films aimed at mass audiences using established concepts to minimize risk. They distribute films through numerous windows to generate multiple revenue streams. Conglomerates maximize profits through synergies where different business units collaborate based on successful film brands. Independent films have difficulty accessing major distribution networks and target niche audiences through film festivals and limited art house cinema releases.
What is Distribution
Universal Pictures distributed Straight Outta Compton, investing in its production as part of a larger studio. It had a wide release in August 2015 in both the US and UK, opening in over 2,000 screens, to capitalize on the summer blockbuster season. Independent British films have a difficult time finding distribution due to the dominance of Hollywood studios in distribution. However, digital distribution has lowered costs and made it easier for independent films to access both art house cinemas and some mainstream screens.
What is film distribution new
The document discusses the process of film distribution, which involves three main stages - licensing, marketing, and logistics. It describes the standard process from a film's creation through theatrical release and subsequent releases in home video and television windows. The document also discusses alternative distribution methods like simultaneous releases across multiple platforms, straight-to-video releases without a theatrical run, and the use of case studies to analyze distribution campaign successes and failures.
Media presentation1
The document discusses various aspects of film production and distribution. It defines key terms like independent production, distribution, film festivals, film chains, marketing, exhibition, box office, and cinema income. It also mentions some major film studios and distributors like Paramount Pictures, Sony Pictures, and The Weinstein Company.
Evaluation Question Three
Patchwork Productions and Bandoola Productions would distribute the film. Patchwork Productions focuses on low-budget, independent British films similar to their psychological thriller. Bandoola Productions provides investment and marketing support, having previously funded films for Patchwork. They would conduct a marketing campaign including posters and trailers. The film may have a limited cinema release, but smaller independent films are better suited to video on demand or YouTube, allowing broader home audiences. The distribution companies play a key role in profitability, and using British companies focused on similar films makes the scenario more realistic.
Media institution
Film distribution involves making a film available for audiences to view through various mediums like movie theaters, television, or home video. 20th Century Fox would be a good potential distributor for our thriller film as they have distributed similar genres in the past. However, our independent film may only appeal to UK audiences due to its British culture and characters, and the high costs of international distribution. We could use both traditional marketing strategies like trailers and premiers or newer digital strategies like social media and viral campaigns to promote our UK-only release.
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Foundation year plan
This document outlines the curriculum for a Year 9 media studies foundation year. The goals are to build students' media literacy skills, vocabulary, and practical skills in a low-stakes environment. It will also help students explore different media career paths and industries. The curriculum covers topics like media language, genres, representation, audiences, industries, and includes a production challenge. It aims to address weaknesses in terminology, analyzing unseen texts, industry knowledge, and practical skills to better prepare students for exams in later years.
Socialism and Capitalism
Socialism calls for public rather than private ownership of property and resources. It is based on the idea that people cooperate in production and should share in what is produced. Society should own or control property for the benefit of all. There are many variations of socialism but common elements include criticism of private capital causing issues like poverty, and a view that collective control of production/distribution can create a more just society.
Revision Sheet
The document provides a revision sheet on the plot and characters of An Inspector Calls. It summarizes the plot in 12 points and describes the 7 main characters. It also analyzes key themes of the play such as responsibility, class, attitudes, and age. The themes section compares the attitudes and reactions of the older and younger generations to the inspector's message about their responsibility for Eva Smith's death.
Character Links to Context
The character of Sheila Birling is used to highlight aspects of British society in the early 20th century according to a 5-paragraph plan for an essay on An Inspector Calls. Sheila progresses from representing the expectations of upper class women at the start of the play to embracing more independent views that reflect societal changes occurring in 1912. The plan analyzes 5 key moments for Sheila that demonstrate the class divisions, gender roles, and hypocrisy within the upper class as well as how she begins to challenge these social norms over the course of the play.
Eric Key Quotes
The document is a series of dialogue excerpts from a play that discuss a woman who was fired from her job and later died. Characters debate whether she should have been let go and if they were responsible for her death. One character angrily states that the dead girl still matters more than any money and nothing can undo what happened to her.
Gerald Key Quotes
The document contains dialogue excerpts from Act 1-3 of J.B. Priestley's play An Inspector Calls. The characters discuss a girl who recently died, with some admitting to knowing her in different contexts. One character insists on being considered family now, while others grow annoyed with the inspector's questioning or want to be left alone due to feeling upset.
Mr Birling Key Quotes
Birling expresses his belief that businesses will eventually work together for mutual benefit. He dismisses concerns about social issues as "silly pessimistic talk". He is confident about the chances of receiving a knighthood so long as his family avoids scandals. Birling does not accept responsibility for the impacts of his actions on others in society. He fired Eva Smith for speaking out too much at his factory.
Mrs Birling Key Quotes
This document contains excerpts of dialogue from an unknown play. The excerpts include characters making plans, expressing opinions, and reacting to surprising information. Overall, the document provides snippets of conversation between multiple characters discussing various topics, but does not provide enough context to determine the overall plot or theme.
Sheila Key Quotes
The document appears to be dialogue from a play discussing an inspector who questioned a group of people about the suicide of a girl. They express regret for their actions, but also try to deny or downplay their culpability. As the inspector's questioning continues, faults and poor behaviors toward the girl are revealed among the group. In the end, one character insists they cannot continue pretending nothing significant happened and that through their combined actions, they drove the girl to suicide.
The Inspector Key Quotes
An inspector visits the Birling family to discuss the recent death of a young woman named Eva Smith. He reveals that each family member had a negative interaction with Eva earlier that day that contributed to her suicide. The inspector stresses that as members of society, the Birlings are responsible for each other and must acknowledge their role in Eva's death. He warns that if people do not start treating each other with more compassion, there will be dire consequences.
Responsibility Quotes and Notes
Mr. Birling expresses optimism about the future of business and advises Gerald that as long as a man looks after himself and his family, he will not come to harm. However, Eric argues that it is not truly free if workers cannot freely change jobs. Later, Mr. Birling refuses a union's demand for higher wages, saying he must keep costs low. In the end, the Inspector reveals that each family member's individual actions collectively contributed to Eva Smith's suicide, and that society cannot ignore its responsibility to care for one another.
AIC Key Notes and Quotations
This document provides context and key quotations from An Inspector Calls relating to the roles and treatment of women, characters such as Sheila Birling and Gerald Croft, and the setting in pre-World War 1 Britain. It describes how women had few rights and opportunities at the time, and how characters like Eva Smith and Daisy Renton were used and discarded by the wealthy upper classes represented by the Birlings and Gerald. Quotations show Sheila maturing and realizing her role in Eva's death, while Gerald hides his feelings but felt genuine sorrow for Daisy. The document also establishes the play's 1912 setting before the wars through quotes like Mr. Birling mentioning the Titanic.
AIC Theme Notes
This document summarizes key themes and passages from the play An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley. It explores themes of social responsibility, age, gender, and class through examples of how different characters demonstrate varying levels of responsibility and hold stereotypical views according to their age, gender and social class. Younger characters Eric and Sheila feel more responsible compared to the older Birlings. Mr. Birling and Gerald have patronizing views of women, while Mrs. Birling fails to empathize with another woman. The document also examines attitudes towards the working class, with Mr. Birling feeling he must come down "sharply" on working people.
AIC Character Notes
Mr. Birling, the patriarch of the family, is dismissive of the inspector and believes himself to be untouchable. As the inspector reveals more, Mr. Birling's language becomes more fragmented and panicked as his authority breaks down. Mrs. Birling epitomizes the social snobbery and hypocrisy of the upper classes, showing no remorse for her treatment of Eva Smith. Sheila initially acts selfishly but grows increasingly sympathetic towards Eva, recognizing her own role in Eva's tragedy and understanding the message of collective responsibility. Eric admits to an altercation with Eva that drove her to suicide, reflecting his immaturity and lack of regard for others.
AIC Chain of Events
Eva Smith was an orphaned country girl who worked hard at Birling's factory. She was dismissed by Birling for her role in a strike. Unable to find work, she fell into poverty and eventually committed suicide. The key events in her life were:
1) Birling dismissed her from the factory in 1909 for organizing a strike.
2) Unable to find work, she became destitute and resorted to prostitution.
3) She became pregnant and committed suicide in despair in 1912, after her life had unraveled from the consequences of each negative event.
Women's Rights
At the start of the 20th century, women in British society had very limited roles and opportunities. They were largely expected to marry and raise children or work in domestic service jobs. While some women worked as teachers or nurses, few professions were open to them. The suffragette movement campaigned for women's right to vote through civil disobedience tactics. World War I proved a turning point as women took on important industrial roles while men fought. By 1918, married women over 30 gained the right to vote, though full equality was not achieved for another decade.
Life in 1912
The document discusses advancements in technology in the early 1900s, specifically the Titanic. It describes the Titanic as a newly built ship touted as unsinkable that could cross the Atlantic in only 5 days due to new engines and luxury features like swimming pools and gyms. However, it lacked enough lifeboats for all passengers due to outdated safety laws. On its maiden voyage in 1912, it struck an iceberg and sank within hours, resulting in over 1,000 deaths and highlighting regulatory failures. The sinking shocked the world and raised questions about claims of unsinkability.
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Exhibition and Trends
- 1. FILM EXHIBITION THE FILM INDUSTRY
- 2. THE FILM INDUSTRY EXHIBITION ▸ When we refer to “film exhibition” we are talking about how the public actually watches the film. ▸ The cinema release of a film marks the final stage of one part of a film’s journey from idea to audience. ▸ It also marks the beginning of a new journey from cinema to small screen. After its cinema release the film will then be available on pay TV, free to air TV, as well as television. ▸ Each of these “exhibitions” of the film offers the possibility of generating profits for both the film’s distributor and producers.
- 3. THE FILM INDUSTRY STANDARD RELEASE ▸ Films are released in “release windows". This keeps similar movies from competing with each other. ▸ In the standard release, a film is first released in the cinema (theatrical window), ▸ After approximately 16 and a half weeks, it is released to DVD (video window). ▸ After an additional number of months it is released to Pay TV and On Demand services.
- 4. THE FILM INDUSTRY SHRINKING THE THEATRICAL WINDOW ▸ Originally a six months duration ▸ Today been reduced to little more than four months. ▸ Movie studios have reportedly been pushing to shrink the duration of the theatrical window. ▸ Cinema owners have fought fiercely against this. ▸ Why do you think studios are in favour but cinema chains are against shrinking the theatrical window?
- 5. THE FILM INDUSTRY SHRINKING THE THEATRICAL WINDOW ▸ Originally a six months duration ▸ Today been reduced to little more than four months. ▸ Movie studios have reportedly been pushing to shrink the duration of the theatrical window. ▸ Cinema owners have fought fiercely against this. ▸ Why do you think studios are in favour but cinema chains are against shrinking the theatrical window?
- 6. THE FILM INDUSTRY SIMULTANEOUS RELEASE ▸ A simultaneous release takes place when a film is made available on many media (cinema, DVD, internet) at the same time or with very little difference in timing. ▸ What are the advantages of a simultaneous release? ▸ Consumers have more choice ▸ Producers only need one marketing campaign
- 7. THE FILM INDUSTRY STRAIGHT-TO-DVD ▸ A straight to DVD/BluRay release occurs when a movie is released on home video formats without being released in cinemas first. ▸ S.T.Video releases used to be seen as a sign of poor quality ▸ This has become a more profitable option in recent years, especially for independent moviemakers and companies.
- 8. THE FILM INDUSTRY NEW STRATEGIES ▸ Makers of smaller-budget movies testing new release strategies. ▸ EG. Film premiered on VOD (Video On Demand – Pay Per View) systems and received a limited theatrical release one month later. ▸ Some major studios have considered making movies available to VOD services shortly after their theatrical release for a premium price.
- 9. THE FILM INDUSTRY THE FILM VALUE CHAIN Cinema DVD/BluRay/ Downloads Subscription Television Free to air Television
- 10. THE FILM INDUSTRY CINEMA ▸ There are several different types of cinema : ▸ Multiplex ▸ Imax ▸ Art-house
- 11. THE FILM INDUSTRY CINEMA CHAINS ▸ Odeon VUE Everyman Curzon Empire Cineworld
- 12. THE FILM INDUSTRY CHANGES IN EXHIBITION
- 13. HOW DOES THE RANGE OF “CINEMATIC EXPERIENCES” OFFERED VARY BETWEEN THE ODEON/VUE AND CURZON/EVERYMAN CHAINS? DO ALL CINEMAS WITHIN THE SAME CHAIN SHOW THE SAME FILMS? IF NOT WHY NOT? DO YOU THINK ALL THESE CINEMA CHAINS ATTRACT THE SAME TYPES AUDIENCE? WHY? THE NEXT STEP: RESEARCH AND CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING THE FILM INDUSTRY