Executive 1
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The executive is the second most powerful organ of government that is responsible for implementing laws passed by the legislature and policies of the government. It has tremendously increased in power and role with the rise of the welfare state. The executive includes all government officials except those in legislative or judicial roles and consists of both political executives like ministers who are elected and represent the public, as well as permanent civil servants who carry out day-to-day administration. The executive's functions include enforcing laws, making appointments and treaties, handling defense, foreign policy, some financial and semi-judicial functions, and more. There are different types of executives including nominal/titular vs. real, hereditary vs. elected, single vs. plural,
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The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) established the first Council of Europe convention in 1950 to protect fundamental freedoms and human rights in Europe. It guarantees civil and political rights, including the right to life, freedom from torture, right to a fair trial, and freedom of expression. The European Court of Human Rights monitors compliance with the convention and issues legally binding judgments when it finds violations. Member states are obligated to enforce the court's rulings and compensate victims. The convention established common standards for human rights and fundamental freedoms across Europe.
islamic magna carta
Islamic Magna Carta ( The last Sermon of The Holy Prophet (PBUH), A complete Guideline for spending life
Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights, First Amendment, Second Amendment, Third amendment, Four, Five Six Seven amendment, Eight, Ninth and Tenth Amendment in bill of Human Rights
Magna Carta
Magna Carta was a charter agreed to by King John of England in 1215 that granted certain rights to English noblemen, including protection from unlawful imprisonment and right to due process. While initially applying to only a small class, it came to symbolize the principle that rulers are subject to law and fundamental rights. Certain provisions guaranteeing fair trials and equal treatment under law directly influenced modern human rights laws. Over 800 years later, Magna Carta remains an important symbol of liberties and its principles have been exported worldwide through documents like the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Evaluation of Human Rights
Evaluation of Human Rights, Types of human rights, Salient Features of Human Rights, Historical prospective and Bill of Human Rights.
Human Rights
Human rights are inherent to all human beings by virtue of their humanity. They include civil/political rights like the right to life and liberty, as well as economic/social/cultural rights to necessities of life. The UN Universal Declaration of 1948 codified five basic human rights that countries have agreed to uphold: equality, life, freedom from slavery, fair trial, and freedom of expression. Human rights are important because they establish minimum standards to protect human dignity and require countries to respect, protect, and fulfill these rights through domestic laws and international obligations. Upholding human rights is essential because all people deserve them equally by virtue of their shared humanity.
Training (Definitions, Types and Reasons)
Definition of training according to different writer, Why training is important? and also mention types of training
Objectives Public administration
Here also explain why we study Public Administration, its objectives, Scope and also elements of Public Administration
Origin, Nature and Function of Ombudsmen
An ombudsman is an official appointed to investigate individuals' complaints against public authorities and resolve disputes, acting as an intermediary between the government and citizens. The document outlines that an ombudsman is independent of the three main organs of government and serves as a "tribune of the people" to protect citizens from injustice. The key functions of an ombudsman are to investigate complaints, act as a public assistant in disputes, and work to prevent graft while promoting fairness, good governance, and legal awareness.
Institutions of Ombudsmen
There are six main types of ombudsmen: Classical, Advocate, Hybrid, Executive, Legislative, and Media. Classical ombudsmen investigate complaints, may be elected or appointed, and have authority to conduct investigations. Advocate ombudsmen represent the public interest, often in organizations like long-term care facilities. Hybrid ombudsmen use informal methods to resolve complaints between public and private sectors and can publish reports. Executive ombudsmen work to improve organization performance, either publicly or privately. Legislative ombudsmen concern actions of government entities. Media ombudsmen promote transparency, investigate news complaints independently, and explain roles and obligations.
Effects of corruption
Corruption within an organization can lead to financial loss, damage employee morale and reputation, and divert focus and resources away from core business. It increases oversight and regulation. For individuals, corruption risks disciplinary action, job termination, criminal charges, and damaged personal relationships. Communities are impacted through wasted taxpayer funds, loss of goods and services, lack of confidence in authorities, and disadvantages for honest businesses.
Difference btween public and private administration
Public administration involves carrying out laws and policies set by governments to serve the public interest. It aims to fulfill public policy through official processes and organizations. Private administration is the management of private business enterprises by individuals or groups to earn a profit through non-political activities like planning, organizing, and implementing business policies and programs. The two differ in that public administration operates in a governmental setting while private administration is a business process, but they both require similar skills in areas like planning, budgeting, and controlling.
Crime
Crime is defined as an act or omission that violates the law and can be punished by the government. For an act to be considered a crime, it must be considered wrong by society, cause harm to others or society, the harm must be serious, and it must be addressed by the criminal justice system. Some common types of crimes include assault, battery, kidnapping, homicide, rape, theft, arson, white collar crimes, and cyber crimes. Crimes can also be "inchoate" if they are attempted but not completed, or can involve solicitation or conspiracy. International law also addresses crimes that occur abroad.
Corruption
Corruption involves dishonest or criminal behavior by people in positions of authority for personal gain, such as bribery or embezzlement. It most commonly occurs when government officials act for personal benefit rather than the public good. Corruption is defined as fraudulent conduct by those in power or the degradation of integrity. It is caused by greed, monopolization, lack of democracy, bureaucracy, poverty, instability, and contagion from other corrupt societies. Corruption is prevalent in Pakistan's government.
Civil services of pakistan
Civil services of Pakistan include 12 departments that provide administrative functions excluding military and judicial branches. The departments include Pakistan Customs Services, Pakistan Administrative Service, Police Service of Pakistan, and others. Reforms to the civil services have been limited with the system still operating similar to under British rule. Some reforms include changes in 1973, during certain Prime Ministers' terms, and under Musharraf who commissioned the National Commission on Government Reforms to propose changes such as adding a personality test to the selection process.
Centralization & Decentralization
Centralization refers to concentrating control under a single authority, while decentralization is delegating authority to lower levels. Centralization allows for clear leadership but can lead to delays, while decentralization promotes quicker decision making but risks lack of coordination. Most organizations today utilize a balanced approach between the two.
Causes and Control of Criminal Behavior
This document discusses reasons for criminal behavior and ways to reduce it. It identifies biological, childhood, social, substance abuse, and psychological factors as reasons for criminal behavior. Methods to reduce criminal behavior include target hardening, increasing surveillance, environmental changes, rule setting, focusing on hotspots, treating violence as a health issue, and targeting inequality. The document provides an overview of factors influencing criminal behavior and potential solutions.
Administration structure of pakistan at Dist Level
Pakistan is divided into 154 districts across its provinces and territories. The districts are further divided into tehsils or talukas. Each district has its own administration structure and is headed by a district coordination officer. The document outlines the number of districts, populations, areas, and leadership for each of Pakistan's provinces and territories - Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Islamabad Capital Territory, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh.
Administration reforms
Reforms aim to improve systems and resolve societal issues by identifying problems and making changes. Some key types of reforms discussed include educational, financial, labor, public policy, and land reforms which seek to enhance institutions and practices. Reform involves making improvements by correcting faults or altering structures and behaviors.
Difference btween public and private administration
The document discusses the differences between public and private administration. It defines public administration as the detailed and systematic application of laws to fulfill public policy. Private administration is defined as the management and organization of private business enterprises to earn a profit in a non-political manner. While they have some similarities like required skills and planning techniques, their key differences are that public administration is governmental and non-profit seeking, whereas private administration is non-governmental and aims to earn a profit.
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Difference btween public and private administration
Difference btween public and private administration
Administration structure of pakistan at Dist Level
Administration structure of pakistan at Dist Level
Difference btween public and private administration
Difference btween public and private administration
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For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
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Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
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Executive 1
- 2. ADD A FOOTER 2 Presented By: Fermila Yousaf
- 3. Executive Introduction The second but most powerful organ of the government is the Executive. It is that organ which implements the laws passed by the legislature and the policies of the government. The rise of welfare state has tremendously increased the functions of the state, and in reality of the executive. In common usage people tend to identify the executive with the government. In contemporary times, there has taken place a big increase in the power and role of the executive in every state.
- 4. 4 ADD A FOOTER Executive: Definition “In its broadest sense, the executive department consists of all government officials except those acting in legislative or judicial capacity. It includes all the agencies of government that are concerned with the execution of states will as expressed in terms of law.” Gettell
- 5. ADD A FOOTER 5 Parts of Executives 1: Political Executives or ministers It consist of political leaders like ministers of the state. They are mostly elected and representative of the public and answerable for all policies and decisions before the public. They work for fixed time period 5 years. 2: Permanent Executives or Civil Servants: It consist of the civil servants from the lowest to the highest levels. It carries out the day to day administration by workingin the government departments.
- 6. 6 Functions of the Executives ADD A FOOTER • 1: Enforment of Law • 2: Appointment Making Functions • 3: Treaty Making functions • 4: Defence, War and Peace functions • 5: Foreign Policy-making and the Conduct of Foreign Relations
- 7. 7 Functions of the Executives ADD A FOOTER • 6: Ploicy Making • 7: Functions relating to Law Making • 8: Law-making under the system of Delegated Legislation • 9: Financial Functions: • 10: Some Semi-Judicial Functions • 11: Grant of Titles and Honours
- 8. 8ADD A FOOTER 1:Nominal/Titular and Real Executives 2:Hereditary and Elected Executive. 3: Single and Plural Executives. 4: Parliamentary and Presidential Executives Types of Executive
- 9. ADD A FOOTER 9