The document summarizes the role and powers of the President of the Republic of Italy based on the country's constitution. It outlines that the President is the head of state and institutions, a supervisory body above the traditional separation of powers. While not part of the executive, the President has various formal and informal powers, including appointing ministers, dissolving parliament, and using "moral suasion" to influence politics during times of weakness or crisis. The President is elected by parliament for a seven-year term.
The functions of government executive branchNitashaMaqsood
As, we already know that government is divided into three categories named as Legislative branch, Executive branch and Judicial branch. In earlier session, we've discussed Legislative branch. Now this session is dedicated to the Executive branch.
Montesquieu's Doctrine of Separation of PowerA K DAS's | Law
The main theme of Montesquieu doctrine is that each and every organ of the state will exercise of its own power and function, and no one organ will interfere into the functions of another organ. He is the proponent of this theory....
A presentation delivered by Mr. Mohammad Ishaque Jamali, an officer of Provincial Civil Service Balochistan, Pakistan during his study of Master's in Public Policy Program at National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo for the Course titled "Policy Design and Implementation in Developing Countries".
The functions of government executive branchNitashaMaqsood
As, we already know that government is divided into three categories named as Legislative branch, Executive branch and Judicial branch. In earlier session, we've discussed Legislative branch. Now this session is dedicated to the Executive branch.
Montesquieu's Doctrine of Separation of PowerA K DAS's | Law
The main theme of Montesquieu doctrine is that each and every organ of the state will exercise of its own power and function, and no one organ will interfere into the functions of another organ. He is the proponent of this theory....
A presentation delivered by Mr. Mohammad Ishaque Jamali, an officer of Provincial Civil Service Balochistan, Pakistan during his study of Master's in Public Policy Program at National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo for the Course titled "Policy Design and Implementation in Developing Countries".
i make this slide for MPA and law Students it covers the Federal structure of government of Pakistan & it contain information about Parliament its powers ,processes,procedure and functions.
There are 3 organs such as Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. If they play their role without any interpretation then it may call seperation of Power.
Introduction
Definition
Location
Composition
Qualification of President
Electoral college
Oath
Terms of office of President
Presidential Powers
Authorities of President
Duties of President
Removal of President
Conclusion
Parliamentary sovereignty is a most thinkable constitutional principle of UK's west minister system of parliament. So, here we discuss some important issues on parliamentary sovereignty.
i make this slide for MPA and law Students it covers the Federal structure of government of Pakistan & it contain information about Parliament its powers ,processes,procedure and functions.
There are 3 organs such as Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. If they play their role without any interpretation then it may call seperation of Power.
Introduction
Definition
Location
Composition
Qualification of President
Electoral college
Oath
Terms of office of President
Presidential Powers
Authorities of President
Duties of President
Removal of President
Conclusion
Parliamentary sovereignty is a most thinkable constitutional principle of UK's west minister system of parliament. So, here we discuss some important issues on parliamentary sovereignty.
On 25 September 2022 Italians voted for a new Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The centre-right coalition won with an absolute majority in both Houses.This is the first time in Italian history that a woman has been the Head of the Government.
Il 25 settembre 2022 si sono svolte le elezioni per il rinnovo della Camera dei Deputati e del Senato della Repubblica. Ha vinto la coalizione di centro-destra, che ha raggiunto la maggioranza assoluta in entrambe le Camere. È la prima volta nella storia d’Italia che una donna è a capo del Governo.
27 July 2022 the Senate Assembly passed a reform of its Rules with 210 votes in favour, 11 against and 2 abstained votes. There will be only 200 Senators in the 19th Legislature, instead of 315, and in the Chamber, 400 Deputies rather than 630.
Il 27 luglio 2022 l’Assemblea del Senato ha approvato, con 210 voti favorevoli, 11 contrari e 2 astensioni, la riforma del proprio Regolamento. I Senatori della XIX legislatura saranno 200, invece di 315, mentre il numero dei Deputati passa da 630 a 400.
Non esiste una definizione giuridica. Secondo il Regolamento della Camera (art. 14) sono “associazioni di Deputati” e “soggetti necessari al funzionamento della Camera”.
Secondo la dottrina sono la proiezione, il riflesso, dei partiti nel Parlamento. Svolgono però un ruolo ben preciso, perché sono un elemento imprescindibile al funzionamento delle Camere.
Parliamentary groups have no legal definition. According to Rule 14 of the Rules of Procedure of the Chamber of Deputies, they are ‘associations of Deputies’ and ‘subjects required for the functioning of the Chamber.’
According to the doctrine, they are the projection, the reflection of the parties
in Parliament.
LEGGE ANNUALE PER IL MERCATO E LA CONCORRENZA Telosaes telosaes
La Legge annuale per il mercato e la concorrenza è stabilita dalla Legge 23 luglio 2009, n. 99. Dovrebbe avere cadenza annuale, ma fino ad oggi ne è stata approvata solo una. Perché? Le ragioni sono tante, ma la prima è la difficoltà di un accordo politico sui settori economici, su quali intervenire e su come farlo.
The annual market and competition law is set forth in Law 23 July 2009, no. 99. Although the Competition Bill is supposed to be tabled annually, only one Competition Law has been passed to date. Why is this? The reasons are many; however, the first is the challenge of agreeing politically on where and how to intervene.
LEGGE ANNUALE PER IL MERCATO E LA CONCORRENZA telosaes
La Legge annuale per il mercato e la concorrenza è stabilita dalla Legge 23 luglio 2009, n. 99. Dovrebbe avere cadenza annuale, ma fino ad oggi ne è stata approvata solo una. Perché? Le ragioni sono tante, ma la prima è la difficoltà di un accordo politico sui settori economici, su quali intervenire e su come farlo.
THE SEVERINO LAW WHAT IT SETS OUT, ACTUAL CASES, OPEN QUESTIONStelosaes
The so-called Severino Law (named after at-the-time Minister of Justice Paola Severino) introduces a comprehensive regime to fight corruption and foster transparency in the Italian Public Administration (PA). The Draft Bill was submitted in 2010by former Minister of Justice Angelino Alfano (IV Berlusconi Government). The Law was passed with a confidence vote by the government after a legislative procedure lasting two years.
LA LEGGE SEVERINO. COSA STABILISCE, CASI CONCRETI, QUESTIONI APERTEtelosaes
La Legge Severino introduce una disciplina organica per il contrasto della corruzione e la trasparenza della PA. Il Disegno di Legge fu proposto nel 2010, dall’allora Ministro della Giustizia, Angelino Alfano (Governo Berlusconi IV). La Legge è stata approvata con l’apposizione della questione di fiducia da parte del Governo, dopo un iter durato due anni.
The CONSOB (Commissione Nazionale per la Società e la Borsa is an Independent Administrative Authority that oversees the Italian financial markets in order to protect investors and ensure the market’s proper functioning.
La CONSOB è l’Autorità amministrativa indipendente che controlla il mercato finanziario italiano, per tutelare gli investitori e garantire il buon funzionamento del sistema finanziario
Cosa significa fare il lobbista? Cosa vuol dire occuparsi di public affairs? Dal dialogo interno e dalla collaborazione dei membri del Gruppo di Lavoro Public Affairs è nato un documento, redatto con grande cura e pazienza da AmCham, che riprendiamo e articoliamo qui.
What does it mean to be a lobbyist? What does it mean to work in public affairs? This internal dialogue and our collaboration with the members of the Public Affairs Work Group form the basis of a report which we quote and elaborate below.
The State General Accounting Department is the Institution that ensures the proper planning and rigorous management of public funds. It oversees state accounts. The State Accountant General, appointed by the government on the recommendation of the Minister of the Economy and Finance, is in charge of the Department. The organisational structure of the General Accounting Department is complex and connected to other institutions at both the central and local level. In 2019 the State General Accounting Department celebrated its 150 year anniversary.
È l’Istituzione che garantisce la programmazione corretta e la gestione rigorosa delle risorse pubbliche. è l’organo che controlla i conti dello Stato. È diretta da un Ragioniere Generale dello Stato. Ha un’articolazione complessa ed è integrata con le altre Istituzioni a livello centrale e sul territorio. Nel 2019 si sono svolti i festeggiamenti per la ricorrenza dei 150 anni dall'istituzione della Ragioneria.
La Corte dei Conti è un organo di rilievo costituzionale indipendente al quale la Costituzione affida importanti funzioni di controllo e giurisdizionali. Fu istituita nel 1862
The Court of Auditors is an institution of constitutional importance. As set forth in the Italian Constitution, it has key review and jurisdictional functions. It was established in 1862.
For Draghi, gender quotas are not the right instrument to close the gender gap. So, how do you ensure women have equal representation in both politics and in the labour market?
Monitoring Health for the SDGs - Global Health Statistics 2024 - WHOChristina Parmionova
The 2024 World Health Statistics edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
Preliminary findings _OECD field visits to ten regions in the TSI EU mining r...OECDregions
Preliminary findings from OECD field visits for the project: Enhancing EU Mining Regional Ecosystems to Support the Green Transition and Secure Mineral Raw Materials Supply.
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
2. HEAD OF THE INSTITUTIONS
As Head of State, President of the High Council of the Judiciary,
Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, the President of the Republic
is the head of the institutions of the Republic and the centre of balance
in Italy’s institutional architecture.
The Constitution, under Articles 83-91, sets forth the President’s
powers and competences and regulates his relations with the other
bodiesonthesameconstitutionallevel:theGovernment,theParliament,
the Judiciary and the Constitutional Court.
3. SUPERVISORY BODY
The President of the Republic is a supervisory body: he is not part of
the executive and his power is neutral, hence above the traditional
tripartite separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers.
The role of the President may also be seen as the power to provide
political and constitutional guidance to
ensure compliance with the Constitution and
that Italy fulfils its international obligations.
4. ELECTION
If you’d like to know more, read Telos
A&S’s slide share on how the Presi-
dent of the Republic is elected by
clicking here.
The President is elected by
the “Parliament in joint ses-
sion” (Art. 83), a body made
up of the members of the
Chamber of Deputies and
the Senate and three del-
egates from each of the Re-
gional Councils (one for the
Val d’Aosta).
5. TWENTY-THREE ROUNDS TO ONE
The longest election was that of Giovanni Leone, elected after
twenty-three rounds of voting in 1975.
The most difficult was that of Oscar Luigi Scalfaro in 1992. The
crisis of the party system of the First Republic led to a long period of
deadlock that was not broken until the sixteenth round: the massive
impact on the Institutions and public opinion of the Capaci bombing
by the Sicilian mafia prompted the political forces to overcome their
differences and divisions.
In 1985 Parliament was in immediate agreement on Francesco
Cossiga and in 1999 on Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, both elected after
the first round of voting with over 70% of the votes.
6. MANDATE
Any citizen who is fifty or
older and enjoys civil and
political rights may be elect-
ed President of the Republic.
This office is incompatible
with any other office.
The President is elected for a seven-
year term: longer than the five-year
term of a legislature so as to reinforce
the President’s independence and
supervisory role.
7. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
AND THE GOVERNMENT
The President:
is the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and makes
declarations of war which have been decided by the Houses;
accredits and receives diplomatic representatives, and ratifies
international treaties which have been authorised by the Houses,
where required under the Constitution;
appoints State officials;
issuesGovernmentacts,suchaslawdecreesandlegislativedecrees;
authorises the Government to present bills to the Houses;
confers the honorary distinctions of the Republic;
appoints Prime Ministers and, on their proposal, the Ministers;
dissolves the Regional Councils when acts have been committed
that are in contrast with the Constitution or grave violations of the law.
8. The President may:
dissolve the Houses of Parliament, convene them in extraordinary
session, call for new elections and set the first meeting of the new
Parliament;
promulgate laws;
appoint five life senators;
refer laws back to the Houses;
send messages to the Houses;
call for referenda.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
AND THE PARLIAMENT
9. The President:
chairs the High Council of the Judiciary;
has the power to grant pardons and commute punishments.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
AND THE JUDICIARY
10. HEAD OF STATE
The President of the Republic, as Head of State, has the powers
of general representative of the Republic: one of these powers is
to ratify international treaties which have been authorised by the
Houses (Art. 87), where required under the Constitution.
The ratification of a treaty is an act whereby
a State undertakes to be bound by the legal
regulations of the treaty before the international
community.
Our Constitution gives the Head of State the power of ratification
precisely because he is the highest authority and ensures the fulfilment
of international commitments, which go beyond the politics of a
transitory parliamentary/government majority.
11. MINISTERIAL COUNTERSIGNATURE
The Head of State assumes
no responsibility, either le-
gal or political. Under Art.
89 “No act of the President
of the Republic is valid if it is
not countersigned by the
proposing ministers, who as-
sume responsibility for it.”
The fact that acts must be
countersigned by the propos-
ing ministers indicates that
the Government assumes
political responsibility for the
acts before the Parliament,
which represents the sover-
eignty of the people.
This has given rise to a number of
problems regarding interpretation: if
the President issues the acts of the
executive, yet each of his acts must
be signed by the proposing Minister
otherwise it will be considered inva-
lid, what are the exclusive powers of
the President and what, on the other
hand, are the exclusive powers of the
Government?
12. The acts of the President may be divided into three categories:
formal and substantial acts of the President: the exclusive
competence of the President, the countersignature confirms that the
President has effectively exercised his power;
formal acts of the President that actually are acts of the
Government in its capacity to make political choices: the Head
of State checks in advance whether or not the Government acts are
constitutional;
dual acts: express competences that are shared between the
President of the Republic and the proposing Minister.
ACTS OF THE PRESIDENT
13. FORMAL AND SUBSTANTIAL ACTS
OF THE PRESIDENT
Acts wherein the President represents the State in general, or fulfilled
towards non-governmental bodies, such as in the case of:
the appointment of Constitutional Court judges;
the appointment of life Senators;
approved bills that are referred back to the Houses;
messages to the Houses;
granting pardons and commuting punishments.
14. PARDONING POWER
In 2006 there was a conflict
regarding who is vested with
pardoning power in Italy: the
President of the Republic or
the Ministry of Justice.
Former Head of State Carlo
Azeglio Ciampi decided to
pardon Ovidio Bompressi,
sentenced to 22 years in
prison for the murder of po-
lice officer Luigi Calabresi,
on humanitarian grounds.
Minister of Justice Roberto Castelli,
believing it was a choice falling within
his powers to steer judicial policy, re-
fused to sign off on the pardon.
The Constitutional Court ruled in
favour of President Ciampi, stating
that pardoning power – because the
pardon was granted on humanitarian
grounds, which does not fall within the
powers of the executive – was indeed
one of the exclusive prerogatives
of the President.
15. The President ensures and checks in advance whether or not
government acts are constitutional. In this case, the President does not
examine the political content of the acts issued by the Government, but
ratheronlyassesseswhetherornottheyareinlinewiththeprocedures
laid down in the Constitution. Among these are the acts that define the
legislative power of the Government, such as law decrees (Art. 72
Cost.) and legislative decrees (Art. 77 Cost.).
If the Head of State finds that a Government act is unconstitutional,
he may decide not to immediately issue the act and, in confidence,
suggest that the executive amend it. In some cases, he may also decide
to stop the process altogether.
In 2009 the Berlusconi Government issued a law decree
suspending the execution of judgment in the Eluana Englaro
case. President Napolitano decided not to sign off on the act
deeming it unconstitutional: an emergency decree cannot be
used to prevent the execution of a court judgment.
FORMAL ACTS OF THE PRESIDENT THAT ARE
SUBSTANTIALLY ACTS OF THE GOVERNMENT
16. Dual acts must be an expression of the shared will of both the
proposing Minister and the Head of State. However, there are
different interpretations on this matter. For example, there are two
different stances on the power to appoint Ministers:
it is the power of the Head of the Government (Prime Minister): he
is the one who proposes Minsters and the President of the Republic
mayonlyexecutethisdecision,restrictinghimselftosimplyverifying
whether or not it is constitutional;
it is a dual act: in this decision-making process, the President of the
Republic and the Prime Minister agree as to which Ministers are
selected to be part of the Government. The President must also be
able to assess the future political and institutional direction of the
country.
This debate recently came up when President Sergio Mattarella
refused to sign off on the appointment of Prof. Paolo Savona as
Minister of the Economy.
DUAL ACTS: THE REAL PROBLEM
17. Savona’s economic policy positions on the Eurozone are what
led President Mattarella to reject his appointment as Minister of the
Economy. In the ensuing debate, two opposing stances emerged:
the President overstepped the limits of his powers by judging the
merit of a lawful political appointment and by steering the political
direction of the country, which under the Italian Constitution are
powers attributed to the Government and the Parliament, not to the
Head of State;
when Ministers are appointed, the President does not merely write
upthelistofthePrimeMinister’sappointees.Rather,heparticipates
in this decision by providing his assessment of the overall orientation
of the executive: in fact, it is his job to ensure Italy complies with its
international obligations, such as its membership of the Eurozone
(which was not called into question in the electoral agendas of any
of the political forces).
THE CASE OF PROFESSOR SAVONA
18. MORAL SUASION
This is the intrinsic power of
the President of the Republic:
not expressly provided for
by law but well-established
in constitutional procedure:
it is not exercised using
legal means, but rather
through public or private
actions directed at the po-
litical-institutional system;
the President usually intervenes
during institutional crises and
political deadlock, but also during
the ordinary everyday business of
the constitutional bodies;
becauseoftheprestigeandauthor-
ity that come from holding the high-
estinstitutionaloffice,thePresident’s
opinions, judgements, proposals,
advice and guidance – which have
no legal effect whatsoever – carry
a great deal of weight at the political
level.
20. One of the most recent cases was in 2013, when the Enrico Letta
Government was being formed. President of the Republic Giorgio
Napolitano, the first President in Italian history to be re-elected for a
second term, agreed to run again on the condition that the relative
majority parties in Parliament, after long and unsuccessful negotiations,
overcome their differences and form a coalition government.
Another essential factor is the personality of the Head of State, as
sometimes he is more apt to speak out and participate in public debate
and other times more inclined toward mediation and confidentiality.
THE “ACCORDION” POWER: AN EXAMPLE
21. Telos Analisi & Strategie
Palazzo Doria Pamphilj
Via del Plebiscito 107
Roma 00186
T. +39 06 69940838
telos@telosaes.it
www.telosaes.it
facebook.com/Telosaes
twitter.com/Telosaes
youtube.com/telosaes
pinterest.com/telosaes/
linkedin.com/company/telos-a&s
slideshare.net/telosaes