Institutions of Ombudsmen
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There are six main types of ombudsmen: Classical, Advocate, Hybrid, Executive, Legislative, and Media. Classical ombudsmen investigate complaints, may be elected or appointed, and have authority to conduct investigations. Advocate ombudsmen represent the public interest, often in organizations like long-term care facilities. Hybrid ombudsmen use informal methods to resolve complaints between public and private sectors and can publish reports. Executive ombudsmen work to improve organization performance, either publicly or privately. Legislative ombudsmen concern actions of government entities. Media ombudsmen promote transparency, investigate news complaints independently, and explain roles and obligations.
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The executive is the second most powerful organ of government that is responsible for implementing laws passed by the legislature and policies of the government. It has tremendously increased in power and role with the rise of the welfare state. The executive includes all government officials except those in legislative or judicial roles and consists of both political executives like ministers who are elected and represent the public, as well as permanent civil servants who carry out day-to-day administration. The executive's functions include enforcing laws, making appointments and treaties, handling defense, foreign policy, some financial and semi-judicial functions, and more. There are different types of executives including nominal/titular vs. real, hereditary vs. elected, single vs. plural,
Effects of corruption
Corruption within an organization can lead to financial loss, damage employee morale and reputation, and divert focus and resources away from core business. It increases oversight and regulation. For individuals, corruption risks disciplinary action, job termination, criminal charges, and damaged personal relationships. Communities are impacted through wasted taxpayer funds, loss of goods and services, lack of confidence in authorities, and disadvantages for honest businesses.
Difference btween public and private administration
Public administration involves carrying out laws and policies set by governments to serve the public interest. It aims to fulfill public policy through official processes and organizations. Private administration is the management of private business enterprises by individuals or groups to earn a profit through non-political activities like planning, organizing, and implementing business policies and programs. The two differ in that public administration operates in a governmental setting while private administration is a business process, but they both require similar skills in areas like planning, budgeting, and controlling.
Crime
Crime is defined as an act or omission that violates the law and can be punished by the government. For an act to be considered a crime, it must be considered wrong by society, cause harm to others or society, the harm must be serious, and it must be addressed by the criminal justice system. Some common types of crimes include assault, battery, kidnapping, homicide, rape, theft, arson, white collar crimes, and cyber crimes. Crimes can also be "inchoate" if they are attempted but not completed, or can involve solicitation or conspiracy. International law also addresses crimes that occur abroad.
Corruption
Corruption involves dishonest or criminal behavior by people in positions of authority for personal gain, such as bribery or embezzlement. It most commonly occurs when government officials act for personal benefit rather than the public good. Corruption is defined as fraudulent conduct by those in power or the degradation of integrity. It is caused by greed, monopolization, lack of democracy, bureaucracy, poverty, instability, and contagion from other corrupt societies. Corruption is prevalent in Pakistan's government.
Civil services of pakistan
Civil services of Pakistan include 12 departments that provide administrative functions excluding military and judicial branches. The departments include Pakistan Customs Services, Pakistan Administrative Service, Police Service of Pakistan, and others. Reforms to the civil services have been limited with the system still operating similar to under British rule. Some reforms include changes in 1973, during certain Prime Ministers' terms, and under Musharraf who commissioned the National Commission on Government Reforms to propose changes such as adding a personality test to the selection process.
Centralization & Decentralization
Centralization refers to concentrating control under a single authority, while decentralization is delegating authority to lower levels. Centralization allows for clear leadership but can lead to delays, while decentralization promotes quicker decision making but risks lack of coordination. Most organizations today utilize a balanced approach between the two.
Causes and Control of Criminal Behavior
This document discusses reasons for criminal behavior and ways to reduce it. It identifies biological, childhood, social, substance abuse, and psychological factors as reasons for criminal behavior. Methods to reduce criminal behavior include target hardening, increasing surveillance, environmental changes, rule setting, focusing on hotspots, treating violence as a health issue, and targeting inequality. The document provides an overview of factors influencing criminal behavior and potential solutions.
Administration structure of pakistan at Dist Level
Pakistan is divided into 154 districts across its provinces and territories. The districts are further divided into tehsils or talukas. Each district has its own administration structure and is headed by a district coordination officer. The document outlines the number of districts, populations, areas, and leadership for each of Pakistan's provinces and territories - Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Islamabad Capital Territory, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh.
Administration reforms
Reforms aim to improve systems and resolve societal issues by identifying problems and making changes. Some key types of reforms discussed include educational, financial, labor, public policy, and land reforms which seek to enhance institutions and practices. Reform involves making improvements by correcting faults or altering structures and behaviors.
Difference btween public and private administration
The document discusses the differences between public and private administration. It defines public administration as the detailed and systematic application of laws to fulfill public policy. Private administration is defined as the management and organization of private business enterprises to earn a profit in a non-political manner. While they have some similarities like required skills and planning techniques, their key differences are that public administration is governmental and non-profit seeking, whereas private administration is non-governmental and aims to earn a profit.
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Difference btween public and private administration
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Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
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For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
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"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
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Institutions of Ombudsmen
- 2. Institutions of Ombudsmen Presented By: Fermila Yousaf
- 4. 1.Classical Ombudsmen 2.Advocate Ombudsmen 3.Hybrid Ombudsmen 4.Executive Ombudsmen 5.Legislative Ombudsmen 6. Media Ombudsmen
- 5. 1.Classical Ombudsmen 1. Receive and Investigate complaints 2. These Ombudsmen may be elected by constituents or appointed by a legislature. 3. These Ombudsmen have authority to conduct investigations.
- 6. 2.Advocate Ombudsmen Advocate Ombudsman may be public or private sector. He or She is authorized or required to advocate on behalf of public. Advocate Ombudsmen are founded in organizations such as long-term care facilities or agencies.
- 7. 3. Hybrid Ombudsmen 1. It is established by policy or terms of reference by both private and public sector . 2. It used informal methods to resolve complaints. 3. It has the power to investigate and the authority to publish annual and special reports.
- 8. 4.Executive Ombudsmen It may be located in either the public or private sector . An Executive Ombudsman may either work to hold the organization . It work with the organization’s officials to improve the performance of a program.
- 9. 5.Legislative Ombudsmen It is a part of the legislative branch. It usually concerning the actions or policies of government entities.
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