Human rights are inherent to all human beings by virtue of their humanity. They include civil/political rights like the right to life and liberty, as well as economic/social/cultural rights to necessities of life. The UN Universal Declaration of 1948 codified five basic human rights that countries have agreed to uphold: equality, life, freedom from slavery, fair trial, and freedom of expression. Human rights are important because they establish minimum standards to protect human dignity and require countries to respect, protect, and fulfill these rights through domestic laws and international obligations. Upholding human rights is essential because all people deserve them equally by virtue of their shared humanity.

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2. HUMAN RIGHTS
Presented By: FERMILA YOUSAF
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3. Human Rights:
 Human Beings are rational beings. They by virtue of their being human
possess certain basic and inalienable rights which are commonly known
as human rights.
 Human Rights are defined as all those rights which are essential for the
protection and maintenance of dignity of individuals and create conditions
in which every human being can develop his personality to the fullest
extent may be termed as human rights.
 Human rights become operative with the birth of an individual. Human
rights, being the birth right, are inherent in all the individuals irrespective of
their caste, religion, sex and nationality.
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4. Human Rights...
 Because of their immense significance to human beings ; human rights are
also sometimes referred to as fundamental rights, basic rights, inherent
rights, natural rights and birth rights.
 The World conference On Human Rights held in 1993 in Vienna stated in
the Declaration that all human rights derive from the dignity and worth
inherent in the human person , and that the human person is the central
subject of human rights and fundamental rights.
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5. KINDS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
There are two kinds of human rights:
 1.Civil and political rights.
 related to the protection of the right to life and personal liberty
 essential for a person so that he may live a dignified life
 such rights include right to life, liberty , right to privacy, freedom from torture
and right to own property.
 Political rights are rights which allow a person to participate in the government
of a state e.g. right to vote, right to be elected and right to take part in conduct
of public affairs.
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6. KINDS OF HUMAN RIGHTS…
 2. Economic social and cultural rights.
 Based on fundamentally on the concept of social equality( also called ‘freedom
to’) are related to the guarantee of minimum necessities of the life to human
beings .
 In the absence of these rights the existence of human beings is like to be
endangered.
 Right to adequate food, clothing, housing and adequate standard of living and
freedom from hunger, right to work , right to social security, right to physical
and mental health and right to education are included in this category of rights.
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7. The United Nations Universal
Declaration Of Human Rights 1948
Almost every country in the world has now signed the above agreement
saying they agree with five basic human rights.
 1. Equality in rights:
 All people should have the same rights.
 2. The right to life:
 All people should be allowed to live
 3. Freedom from Slavery
 No person should be forced to work without fair pay and conditions.
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8. The United Nations Universal
Declaration Of Human Rights…
 4. The right to a fair trial:
 People should be able to defend themselves if they are accused of something
wrong.
 5. Freedom of expression:
 People should be able to say what they want as long as it does not go against
the law or another human right.
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9. Importance of Human Rights:
 Human rights are important because, The States affirmed the universal
respect for inalienable rights and fundamental freedoms of each and every
person, including the principles of the prohibition against arbitrary
detention, the right to due process and other civil and political rights as
well as social, cultural and economic rights.
 These fundamental human rights should be “a common standard of
achievement for all peoples and nations”,
 They are the basic rights that all human beings should enjoy, respect and
protect.
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10. Importance of Human Rights…
 International human rights law lays down obligations which States are
bound to respect. By becoming parties to international treaties, States
assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to protect
and to fulfill human rights.
 The obligation to respect means that States must refrain from interfering
with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights.
 The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups
against human rights abuses.
 The obligation to fulfill means that States must take positive action to
facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights.
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11. Importance of Human Rights…
 Through ratification of international human rights treaties, Governments
undertake to put into place domestic measures and legislation compatible
with their treaty obligations and duties.
 Universal human rights should be applied to all persons without distinction
of any kind: we are all human beings, so we are all entitled to enjoy these
rights.
 “Human rights are what reason requires and conscience demands. They
are us and we are them. Human rights are rights that any person has as a
human being. We are all human beings; we are all deserving of human
rights. One cannot be true without the other.”
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