The document discusses different types of excavating machines, including power shovels, draglines, hoes, clam shells, and trenching machines. It describes the basic parts, applications, factors affecting output, advantages and disadvantages of each machine type. Power shovels are capable of excavating all earth types except hard rock and are suitable for heavy positive cutting. Draglines can excavate below their track level and handle softer materials over larger distances than power shovels. Hoes are used to excavate below the machine's resting surface. Clam shells use a two-part hinged bucket to lift materials vertically. Trenching machines are used to excavate trenches for utilities and services. Machine type selection depends on the job

1. Excavating Machine
 Prepared by Bhavesh Hathila

2. Power shovel• To excavate the earth and to load the trucks
• capable of excavating all types of earth
except hard rock
• size varies from 0.5m3 to 5m3.
•Basics parts of power shovel including the
track system, cabin, cables, rack, stick, boom
foot -pin, saddle block, boom, boom point
sheaves and
bucket.

4. Application
 For Excavation above its own track or wheel level
 For cutting and for loading
 Suitable for heavy positive cutting in all types of dry
soil.

5. Types of power shovel
 Crawler mounted -Low travel speed.
On soft grounds.
 Wheel mounted- High speed.
On hard ground.

7. Conditions for operation
 Large open pit , floor must be well drained , haul road
must be well.
 Angle of swing 90
 Optimum depth.

8. Factors affecting output of
power shovel
 Class of material
 Depth of cutting
 Angle of swing
 Job condition
 Management condition
 Size of hauling units
 Skill of the operator
 Physical condition of the shovel

9. Dragline
 The drag line is so name because of its prominent operation
of dragging the bucket against the material to be dug.
 Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom and the
bucket is loosely attached to the boom
through cables.
 Because of this construction, a dragline can dig and dump
over
larger distances than a shovel can do.
 Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and
handling softer materials.

11. Types of draglines
 Crawler mounted
- Low travel speed, soft ground ,large projects
 Wheel mounted
- high travel speed, firm ground & scattered job
 Truck mounted
- high travel speed, firm ground& scattered jobs
 Walking drag lines

12. Output
 Output = dragline capacity x C x F
 where C = cycles/hr
F = correcting factor

13. Advantages
 Can work from the ground surface while shovel has to
be taken into the pit.
 Hauling equipments need not to go in the pit.
 Excavated material disposed in one operation.
 High range than shovel.

14. Disadvantages
 Less digging force
 As the boom length increases the bucket size must be
decreased
 Output is less than shovel

15. Factors affecting the output
 Size and type of bucket (0.38 to 3.06 m3 )
Light bucket — loose, dry.
Medium — clays, compacted gravel.
Heavy — hard materials
• Length of crane boom (50,60 and 70 ft
 Type of material
 Angle of swing
 Depth of cut
 Working conditions, maintainance
 Size of hauling unit
 Operator skill

16. Hoe
 Also known as hoe, back shovel and pull shovel
 It is used to excavate below the natural surface on
which it rests.
 Generally used to excavate trenches, pits for
basements and also for grading works, which requires
precise control of depths.
 The basic parts are boom, Jack boom, Boom foot
drum, Boom sheave, Stick sheave, Stick,Bucket and
Bucket sheave

18. Applications
 Though not efficient as shovel.
 Most suitable for digging below the machine level.
 Levelling and loading.
 Used to trim the surface.

19. Points for selection
 Maximum Excavation depth.
 Maximum Working radius.
 Maximum dumping height.
 Hoisting capability.

20. Factors affecting output
 Excavation depth.
 Most affective digging when boom stick is at 90 to
boom.
 Max. output when excavation near machine.
 Optimum depth.(50 to 60% of max digging depth)

21. Advantages
 Hoe exert greater tooth pressure than shovel due to
direct pull.
 Due to rigidity superior than draglines.
 Superior to trenching machines when the side banks
are allowed to have natural slope.

22. Disadvantages
 Not efficient as shovels
 Slow in working when dumping in hauling machines
 Liable to fail

23. Clam shell
 The name the machine is derived from the shape of its
bucket.
 The shape of bucket is that of the shell hinged at the
top which can be closed and opened in two parts.
 Selection depends largely on the requirement of the
job.

25. Bucket
 Consists of two shells with hinged at the top and
provided with sharp edges at the bottom.
 Heavy types of buckets with sharp cutting edges are
used for hard soils and light buckets with plane edges
for loose soil.
 Used mostly in lifting the heavy rock pieces.
 Sometimes more than two jaws are used for lifting
large sized particles.

27. Effective use
 Unit must be on level ground.
 Bucket teeth should be sharp.
 Dumping distance = digging distance.
 In soft soils teeth should be removed.

28. Production of clam shell
 Production = capacity(m 3 ) x C x F
 C = cycles/hr
 F = correction factor

29. Factors affecting the output
 Height of lift
 Angle of swing
 Method of disposing
 Operators skill

30. Applications
 Used for loose materials such as crushed stones
 Main function is to vertical lifting of material from
one place to another
 Digging and dumping in vertical plane
 Accurate dumping
 Charging and removing the materials from a stock pile
,cofferdams,etc.

31. Trenching machines
 Excavate all type of soils except rocks
 Mostly crawler mounted

33. Applications
 Excavating trenches for water,oil,gas
 Pipes ,sewers and telephone cables
 Deepening of existing drainages
 Used where control on depth and width is required
 Fast digging
 Reduces the cost of hand finsihing

34. Types of Trenching machine
 1) Wheel type:
 Consists of power driven wheel mounted with number
of removable buckets with teeth.
 They can cut trench of width upto 30 to 150 cm.
 Maximum cutting depth 2.5 — 3m.
 Have greater digging speeds.
 For narrow trench in firm soil this type is suitable.

36. • 2. Ladder type:
• Consists of two endless chains which
travel along the boom and the buckets
equipped with teeth are attached.
• Sometimes side cutters are attach to
increase the width of the trench.
• The conveyer belt disposes the excavated
soil on the either side.
• Maximum cutting width upto 360 cm.
• Maximum cutting depth 9.0 to 10.0 m.
• Digging speed is 30 m or more.

38.  3) Vertical boom type:
 Modified of ladder type.
 Trench with ranges from 40 to 70 cm

40. Points taken care while selecting
the type
 Type of soil.
 Obstructions
 Depth and width of the trench.
 Right of way for disposal of earth.
 Amount of work.
 Topography of the area.
 Water table.
 Climatic conditions

42. Thank you