The document traces the evolution of computers from early calculating devices like the abacus through modern digital computers. It discusses early pioneers and inventions like the Pascaline, Analytical Engine, Hollerith's tabulating machine, ENIAC, and UNIVAC. The development of binary systems, stored programs, and transistors marked key transitions to modern digital computing.

1. Evolution
of
Computers

2. The Abacus
It was the earliest
calculating machine
probably originated
in China about
3,000 years ago.
In China it is also
known as Swan
Pan.

3.  It is consists of a rectangular
wooden frame with horizontal
rods.
 It is consist of several columns,
farthest to the right represent
‘ones’, the next one ‘tens the
hundreds and so on.’

4. John Napier
A mathematician,
developed a device
having a set of rods
made of bones.
 In 1964, John Napier
introduced Logarithms.

5. Blaise Pascal
He was a French
Mathematician born on
19th June 1623 at
Clermont- Ferrand.
He was only 19 years
old, when he invented a
calculating machine called
Pascaline.

6. Analog Computer
These are fundamentally
different in principle from the
modern digital computers.
It is use in simple devices,
even they are mechanically
complicated.

7. Joseph- Marie
Jacquard (1752-1834)
He introduced a
new weaving loom in
1805.
The Jacquards
Weaving System
using punched card
attracted many
scientist.

8. Charles Babbage (1792-1871)
He was inspired by the punched Card
to idea, developed an idea of using
punched cards to input data.
He continued his efforts and put
forward an idea of a machine that
can do 60 calculations per second.
The Analytical Engine stamped the
foundation for modern computing.

9. The First Programmer
Ada Augusta
King (1815-1852)
The daughter of Lord
Byron, was the
personal assistant of
Charles Babbage.

10. She suggested binary data
storage and wrote the first
computer program for the
Analytical Engine.
The ADA software was named

11. George Boole (1815-1864)
He was self taught
English Mathematician
His theory of Boolean
logic became
fundamental to the
design of computer
circuitry.

12. Dr. Herman Hollerith
He developed
punched card system
for storing and retrieving
data.
He also built the
tabulating machine to
read the cards and
processing data.

13. He started Tabulated Machines
Companies in 1896.
In 1911 , this company became the
Computing Tabulating Recording
Company and now the International
Business machines, simply IBM.

14. Digital Era
Claude Shannon
He suggested 1’s
and 0’s of binary
systems can be
considered ‘ON’ and
OFF position of the
flow of current.

15. Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff
He built the first
electronic
computer named
Atanasoff Berry
Computer.

16. J. Presper Eckert and
John William Mauchy
They developed general
purpose computer,
Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Calculator
(ENIAC).
This computer has 1800
valves consuming 100
kilowatts of power and
weighed several tons.

17. John Von Neuman
He introduced an
idea of entering the
program of instructions
into the machines for
its procedures as the
numerical data is
entered.

18. Admiral Grace Hopper
She developed this
idea and it was
designed and built by
Mauchy and Eckert. The
first commercial
electronic digital
computer capable of
using stored programs
was called Universal
Automatic Calculator
(UNIVAC).

19. Transistors
In 1947, computers
entered a second
generation by the
introduction of
transistors.
It was developed by
the American physicist
William Shockley.