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This document contains a review of learning targets related to evolution, including questions about biogeography, fossils, homologous and vestigial structures, embryology, and genetic evidence for common descent. Key topics covered include how biogeography studies where organisms live now and in the past, how fossils provide evidence of evolution over time, how homologous structures share a common ancestor, and how vestigial structures have lost function but are inherited from ancestors.
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Evo evidence 16_4_part2
The document provides evidence for evolution from biogeography, geology, and the fossil record. Biogeography studies where organisms live now and where their ancestors lived, showing that distantly related species are in different areas while closely related species are in similar areas. Radiometric dating shows that the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old. The fossil record provides preserved remains of ancient organisms, evidence that species have changed over time. Homologous and vestigial structures in vertebrate limbs also provide evidence of evolution from common ancestors.
1.2
1. Fossils provide direct evidence of descent with modification as they show transitions between different species over millions of years.
2. Comparative anatomy, biochemistry, embryology, and cell biology show that organisms share homologous and analogous traits as well as universal genetic and metabolic processes, indicating common ancestry.
3. Vestigial structures provide evidence of evolution as they are remnants of traits that were functional in ancestral species but no longer serve a purpose in modern organisms.
Evidence Of Evolution
Charles Darwin observed evidence of evolution during his voyage on the Beagle to the Galapagos Islands, including Darwin's finches with varying beak sizes and Galapagos tortoises with different shell shapes. Biologists look at homologous structures rather than analogous structures to determine evolutionary relationships between species because homologous structures originated from a shared ancestor, such as the homologous structures of beaks and forelimbs across species.
Ch 6.3 evidence of evolution
This document summarizes different types of biological evidence that support the theory of evolution:
1. Comparative anatomy studies body structures across species and finds that more similar structures indicate a closer evolutionary relationship.
2. Embryology finds that more closely related species have more similar embryo development.
3. Molecular biology, such as comparing DNA sequences, finds that a higher similarity in genes and proteins indicates a closer evolutionary relationship between living species. This provides further evidence supporting theories from comparative anatomy and the fossil record.
Evidence of Evolution
This document provides an overview of the evidence that supports the theory of evolution through natural selection. It discusses multiple lines of evidence from various scientific disciplines, including fossils and the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and geology. The development of evolutionary theory from early naturalists like Darwin to modern understanding is also summarized. Key events that shaped understanding, such as Darwin's voyage on the Beagle and subsequent publication of On the Origin of Species, are also briefly outlined.
Biodiversity and Evolution
This slide presentation aims to help teachers and students in studying biodiversity and evolution. It consists of images, definition of terms all related to biodiversity and evolution.
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This document provides evidence for biological evolution from several sources:
- Fossil records show succession of organisms over time and increased diversity after catastrophic events.
- Homology and analogy demonstrate that structures in different species share common ancestry or adaptations to environment.
- Embryonic development and biochemistry reveal similar genetic machinery and developmental stages across species.
Embryology on evolution
The document discusses Darwin's use of embryology as evidence for evolution. It notes that embryos of different but related species often resemble each other closely, even if the adult forms are quite different. It also states that variations between adult forms usually arise later in development, while embryonic structures remain similar. Therefore, similarities in embryonic development provide evidence that species share a common ancestor.
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Evo evidence 16_4_part2
The document provides evidence for evolution from biogeography, geology, and the fossil record. Biogeography studies where organisms live now and where their ancestors lived, showing that distantly related species are in different areas while closely related species are in similar areas. Radiometric dating shows that the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old. The fossil record provides preserved remains of ancient organisms, evidence that species have changed over time. Homologous and vestigial structures in vertebrate limbs also provide evidence of evolution from common ancestors.
1.2
1. Fossils provide direct evidence of descent with modification as they show transitions between different species over millions of years.
2. Comparative anatomy, biochemistry, embryology, and cell biology show that organisms share homologous and analogous traits as well as universal genetic and metabolic processes, indicating common ancestry.
3. Vestigial structures provide evidence of evolution as they are remnants of traits that were functional in ancestral species but no longer serve a purpose in modern organisms.
Evidence Of Evolution
Charles Darwin observed evidence of evolution during his voyage on the Beagle to the Galapagos Islands, including Darwin's finches with varying beak sizes and Galapagos tortoises with different shell shapes. Biologists look at homologous structures rather than analogous structures to determine evolutionary relationships between species because homologous structures originated from a shared ancestor, such as the homologous structures of beaks and forelimbs across species.
Ch 6.3 evidence of evolution
This document summarizes different types of biological evidence that support the theory of evolution:
1. Comparative anatomy studies body structures across species and finds that more similar structures indicate a closer evolutionary relationship.
2. Embryology finds that more closely related species have more similar embryo development.
3. Molecular biology, such as comparing DNA sequences, finds that a higher similarity in genes and proteins indicates a closer evolutionary relationship between living species. This provides further evidence supporting theories from comparative anatomy and the fossil record.
Evidence of Evolution
This document provides an overview of the evidence that supports the theory of evolution through natural selection. It discusses multiple lines of evidence from various scientific disciplines, including fossils and the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and geology. The development of evolutionary theory from early naturalists like Darwin to modern understanding is also summarized. Key events that shaped understanding, such as Darwin's voyage on the Beagle and subsequent publication of On the Origin of Species, are also briefly outlined.
Biodiversity and Evolution
This slide presentation aims to help teachers and students in studying biodiversity and evolution. It consists of images, definition of terms all related to biodiversity and evolution.
Evidence of evolution ss
This document provides evidence for biological evolution from several sources:
- Fossil records show succession of organisms over time and increased diversity after catastrophic events.
- Homology and analogy demonstrate that structures in different species share common ancestry or adaptations to environment.
- Embryonic development and biochemistry reveal similar genetic machinery and developmental stages across species.
Embryology on evolution
The document discusses Darwin's use of embryology as evidence for evolution. It notes that embryos of different but related species often resemble each other closely, even if the adult forms are quite different. It also states that variations between adult forms usually arise later in development, while embryonic structures remain similar. Therefore, similarities in embryonic development provide evidence that species share a common ancestor.
Lecture 2 : Evolutionary Patterns, Rates And Trends
The document discusses evidence for evolution from various fields including biogeography, fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry and genetics. It explains key concepts in evolution like macroevolutionary events, morphological divergence and convergence, reproductive isolation mechanisms, molecular clocks and models of speciation. Continental drift theory and plate tectonics helped explain distribution of fossils and living species, while radiometric dating techniques helped establish geological timescales.
Evidence Of Evolution
This document provides evidence for evolution from three areas: the fossil record, anatomy and development, and biological molecules. It summarizes that the fossil record shows a progression of life forms over time and can be used to predict intermediary forms. Comparisons of anatomy reveal homologous structures that share common ancestry. Analysis of proteins and nucleic acids finds relationships that reflect the fossil evidence and support gradual changes over generations as predicted by evolution.
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Comparative anatomy provides evidence for evolution through the identification of homologous structures, analogous structures, and vestigial structures. Homologous structures are body parts with similar structures but different functions, indicating a close evolutionary relationship. Analogous structures have similar functions but different structures and no direct evolutionary relationship. Vestigial structures are remnants of structures that had a use in ancestral species but serve little purpose in current species.
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This document discusses several lines of biological evidence that support the theory of evolution:
1) Comparative anatomy shows that species have homologous structures that suggest common ancestry. For example, the forelimbs of different species are structured similarly despite differences in size and function.
2) Developmental biology shows that species' embryos develop in similar ways, like all vertebrates forming pharyngeal pouches. This indicates evolutionary relatedness.
3) DNA evidence finds that closely related species have more similar DNA sequences. Molecular data shows whales are more closely related to hippopotamuses than other living species.
4) Vestigial structures provide evidence of ancestral traits no longer having a function in modern species.
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1. The document discusses multiple lines of evidence that support biological evolution, including homologous and vestigial structures, developmental biology, DNA and protein comparisons, and molecular clocks.
2. Comparative anatomy of homologous and analogous structures in living species indicates common descent from ancestral species. Studies of embryos and developmental biology show similarities that suggest relatedness.
3. Molecular evidence from comparing DNA and protein sequences among living species also supports evolutionary relationships, with more similar sequences indicating more closely related species. Estimates of divergence times are also derived from "molecular clocks."
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The document discusses several types of evidence that support the scientific theory of evolution, including the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and biogeography. It explains that the fossil record provides evidence of evolutionary transitions from one species to another through transitional fossils. Comparative anatomy shows homologous structures that indicate common ancestry, as well as vestigial structures that have no function and provide evidence the species evolved. Biogeography seeks to explain how closely related species ended up in different parts of the world.
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This document discusses multiple lines of evidence that support Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, including biogeography, the age of the Earth, the fossil record, homologous and vestigial structures, and similarities in embryonic development. Biogeography shows that closely related species are geographically separated while distantly related species in similar environments converge. The age of the Earth, over 4.5 billion years, provides enough time for evolution. Recent fossil discoveries document intermediate forms connecting modern species to ancient ancestors. Homologous structures and vestigial organs reflect common descent, and comparable embryonic development across species also supports shared ancestry.
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The fossil record provides evidence of evolution by showing progressive changes in species over time. Layers of sedimentary rock often contain fossils, with newer layers covering older ones to create a timeline. Younger fossils in the lower, newer layers resemble modern species more closely than older fossils in higher layers. Transitional fossils that display characteristics between groups provide links between past and present species, such as Archaeopteryx showing traits of both birds and their dinosaur ancestors, and Tiktaalik displaying features of both fish and early land vertebrates. The fossil record is an incomplete record but reveals how species have changed over millions of years.
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This document contains a review of multiple choice questions about homologous and analogous structures, evidence for whale evolution from land mammals, vestigial structures, fossil evidence indicating land animals evolved from fish, times of common ancestry between whales/even-toed mammals and whales/hippos, and evidence that humans are more closely related to chimpanzees. Each question is followed by four answer choices and then the question is repeated at the end for self-review.
Evolution and Changes
Evolution is the process by which organisms acquire adaptations over time. There are several lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution, including:
- Comparative anatomy, which looks at anatomical similarities between species and finds homologous structures that suggest a common ancestor.
- DNA analysis, where closer genetic relationships are found between species that share more similarities in their DNA sequences.
- The fossil record, where fossils in older rock layers tend to resemble more ancient organisms, while fossils in newer layers more closely resemble present-day species.
Origins oflifestations day1and2.ppt
This document outlines a lesson plan on evidence for the theory of evolution. It includes discussions of various topics that provide support, such as fossil evidence, comparative anatomy and embryology, biogeography, and molecular biology. Students explore these topics through vocabulary exercises, lab stations, and analysis questions. The lesson aims to explain how this scientific evidence from diverse areas of biology all points to common descent and evolution of modern organisms over time.
Evidence of evolution
1) Fossil records, anatomy, DNA, and embryology provide evidence for evolution. Fossils show transitional forms and tracks of ancient organisms. Comparing DNA between species shows greater differences the more distantly related they are.
2) Anatomical evidence like whales having vestigial hind limbs and DNA comparisons support the theory that whales evolved from land mammals. Transitional whale fossils dating back 50-35 million years show the evolution of whales from land to sea dwellers.
3) Embryos of different species resemble each other more closely in early stages of development, providing further evidence they share a common ancestor and have evolved over time from that ancestor.
5.03 Evolution evidence
This document provides information about evidence for evolution through fossils, vestigial structures, similar skeletal structures, similar DNA, and similar embryonic structures. It defines key terms like fossils, ancestors, and vestigial structures. Examples of each type of evidence are described, such as whale leg bones as vestigial structures. Students are assigned a creative writing task or collage to explain the five types of evidence for evolution.
BIODIVERSITY:EVOLUTION
FEATURING THE SUMMARY OF SCIENCE 10 UNIT 3 MODULE 3
GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION
BIODIVERSITY
FOSSILS
RELATIVE DATING METHOD
RADIOMETRIC DATING METHOD
HOMOLOGOUS
ANALOGOUS
THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION
Evolution Natural Selection And Speciation 6371
The document provides evidence from multiple scientific disciplines to support the theory of evolution. It discusses how fossils, geology, comparative anatomy and biochemistry, and other fields have contributed overwhelming evidence that life has changed over time through natural selection and common descent. The fossil record shows how life on Earth has diversified from a few common ancestors over billions of years. Comparative anatomy reveals homologous and analogous structures that support evolutionary relationships between organisms. Radiometric dating has precisely determined the age of fossils and Earth to be billions of years old, supporting the vast timescale evolution requires. Together this evidence from various sciences has established evolution as the fundamental explanatory framework of biology.
Evidence for evolution
This document provides evidence for evolution from 5 areas of scientific study: the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, molecular biology, and biogeography. Each area is summarized briefly: the fossil record shows transitional forms; comparative anatomy examines homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures; comparative embryology shows similarities in development of related species; molecular biology compares DNA/protein sequences; and biogeography looks at species distribution and examples of divergent and convergent evolution.
Evidence of evolution
The document discusses multiple lines of evidence that support evolution, including the fossil record, comparative anatomy, biogeography, embryology, and biochemistry. It explains how fossils are formed through processes like compression, petrification, and becoming molds or casts, and how fossils are used to relatively or absolutely date organisms. Comparative anatomy examines homologous and analogous structures between organisms. Biogeography and continental drift help explain the distribution of species. Embryology shows that embryos of different species resemble each other at early stages. Biochemistry finds that DNA and proteins are similar between closely related species.
Evidences of evolution
The document discusses four main categories of evidence for evolution: the fossil record, biochemical evidence, comparative anatomy, and observable events. It describes examples for each category, such as fossils showing gradual changes over time, similarities in genetic codes and proteins between organisms, homologous and vestigial structures, and studies observing evolutionary changes like beak size shifts in Darwin's finches. Overall, the document outlines the key types of evidence that support the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Evolution Science Grade 10
This document discusses evidence for evolution from fossil records, comparative anatomy, and genetics. It explains two types of evolution: divergent evolution which causes populations to split into new species, and convergent evolution which causes unrelated species to evolve similar traits from adapting to similar environments. Evidence comes from homologous and analogous structures found in fossils and between species, similarities in embryonic development, and identical amino acid sequences between proteins of different species. Early theories of evolution from Jean Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin are also summarized, including Lamarck's theory of acquired characteristics and Darwin's theory of natural selection.
1) Give one example of each of the following. a) a homologous molecul.pdf
1) Give one example of each of the following. a) a homologous molecular trait shared by all
cellular organisms. b) a body part adapted to different functions in different species but showing
clear homology of underlying structure. c) a non-homologous similarity between organisms
adapted to similar habitats or niches (use an example NOT given in lecture). d) Amolecular
vestigial trait shared by all primates, but not most other mammals. e) Amorphological vestigial
trait shared by humans and great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, etc.)but not vestigial in other
primates (e.g. monkeys). 2) What is meant by the \"ambiguity\" of species boundaries, and why
did Darwin use it as part of his argument for common descent? 3) The picture below shows three
species as embryos (left) and as adults (right). What is the name of the phenomenon it illustrates?
What evidence does the phenomenon give about evolution?
Solution
1.
a.Aminoacids : The 20 aminoacids are same in all cellular orgainsms.
b.Forelimbs
c.Stream lined body of sharks and whales, wings of birds and insects.
d.The gulono--lactone oxidase (GLO) pseudogene.
e.Coccyx is present in humans and great apes as fused bone but is not present in monkeys as they
have tails.
2.Ambiguity of species boundaries means there is always a confusion as to which organisms can
be grouped into species; wheather sexually reproducing organisms and asexually reproducing
organisms.What boundaries should exist so as to group organisms into species has always been
ambiguous.No such species boundaries were set earlier.Darwin used it as a part of his argument
for common ancestor because according to him god had created the species and this was known
as Creationism and he emphasized on the process of natural selection to be an active process that
led to evolution from common ancestor.
3.The phenomenon that the diagram illustrates is homology.Homology in embryo is known as
ontogenetic homology and means that two or more species share same embryological similarities
and it gives an evidence that all the three embryos of species have a common ancestor but in
process of time have undergone remodelling of body parts through natural selection..
1. A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumA) consists of .docx
1. A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
A) consists of genotype frequencies that are constantly changing.
B) is under no selective pressures.
C) is very common in nature.
D) consists of allele frequencies that are constantly changing.
E) requires a small population size.
2. Which of the following is not true of the punctuated equilibrium theory?
A) It proposes that most evolutionary change is concentrated in relatively brief episodes of change.
B) It suggests that most species undergo little phenotypic change during most of their evolutionary duration.
C) It was inspired in part by patterns observed in the fossil record.
D) It appears to be well supported by the fossil record.
E) It suggests that subgroups diverge and evolve at about equal and constant rates.
3. Animals that possess both male and female sexual organs
A) are dioecious and typically self-fertilize.
B) are parthenogenetic and typically self-fertilize.
C) are dioecious and typically cross-fertilize.
D) are hermaphroditic and typically cross-fertilize.
E) are hermaphroditic and typically self-fertilize
4. On a molecular level, all organisms
A) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, but use different genetic codes.
B) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, and use the same genetic code.
C) use different means of storing genetic information.
D) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, but different amino acids in proteins.
E) show no similarities.
6. Which of the following statements about natural selection is true?
A) All individuals within a population have an equal likelihood of survival. Survival is based on chance.
B) Natural selection results in those individuals within a population who are best-adapted surviving and producing more offspring.
C) Natural selection leads to increased likelihood of survival for certain individuals based on variation. The variation must come from outside the population.
D) Natural selection leads to extinction.
E) Natural selection causes variations to arise within a population.
8. Which of the following is the best description of an adaptation?
A) a trait that will be beneficial in the future
B) a trait that is currently beneficial to survival
C) a trait that is of no advantage to survival
D) an environmental change that selects for certain traits
E) a trait that was beneficial to survival in the past
11. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are
A) produced in the testes.
B) only produced in female humans.
C) produced in the ovaries.
D) produced in both male and female humans.
E) constantly secreted into the bloodstream of males.
14. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A) is needed to form the placenta.
B) is stored in the ovaries.
C) is produced by the amnion.
D) acts as a hormone signaling menstruation.
E) can be used to reveal pregnancy.
15. Negative feedback loops act to
A) cause an erection of the penis when stimulated.
B) cause uterine contra ...
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Lecture 2 : Evolutionary Patterns, Rates And Trends
The document discusses evidence for evolution from various fields including biogeography, fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry and genetics. It explains key concepts in evolution like macroevolutionary events, morphological divergence and convergence, reproductive isolation mechanisms, molecular clocks and models of speciation. Continental drift theory and plate tectonics helped explain distribution of fossils and living species, while radiometric dating techniques helped establish geological timescales.
Evidence Of Evolution
This document provides evidence for evolution from three areas: the fossil record, anatomy and development, and biological molecules. It summarizes that the fossil record shows a progression of life forms over time and can be used to predict intermediary forms. Comparisons of anatomy reveal homologous structures that share common ancestry. Analysis of proteins and nucleic acids finds relationships that reflect the fossil evidence and support gradual changes over generations as predicted by evolution.
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Comparative anatomy provides evidence for evolution through the identification of homologous structures, analogous structures, and vestigial structures. Homologous structures are body parts with similar structures but different functions, indicating a close evolutionary relationship. Analogous structures have similar functions but different structures and no direct evolutionary relationship. Vestigial structures are remnants of structures that had a use in ancestral species but serve little purpose in current species.
Ch. 6.3 Evidence of Evolution
This document discusses several lines of biological evidence that support the theory of evolution:
1) Comparative anatomy shows that species have homologous structures that suggest common ancestry. For example, the forelimbs of different species are structured similarly despite differences in size and function.
2) Developmental biology shows that species' embryos develop in similar ways, like all vertebrates forming pharyngeal pouches. This indicates evolutionary relatedness.
3) DNA evidence finds that closely related species have more similar DNA sequences. Molecular data shows whales are more closely related to hippopotamuses than other living species.
4) Vestigial structures provide evidence of ancestral traits no longer having a function in modern species.
Biology Unit 7 Notes: Evidence for Evolution & Phylogenetic Trees
The document provides evidence for evolution from several sources: fossil records, comparative anatomy, biogeography, carbon dating and genetics. It discusses how comparative anatomy of skeletal structures between animals can show homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures, indicating connections to common ancestors. Phylogenetic trees are diagrams that depict evolutionary relationships and order of evolution between organisms, informed by fossils, anatomy, DNA, and geology. They illustrate the progression from a common ancestor to more recently evolved organisms and the traits associated with different branches in their development.
Ch. 6.3 Evidence of Evolution
1. The document discusses multiple lines of evidence that support biological evolution, including homologous and vestigial structures, developmental biology, DNA and protein comparisons, and molecular clocks.
2. Comparative anatomy of homologous and analogous structures in living species indicates common descent from ancestral species. Studies of embryos and developmental biology show similarities that suggest relatedness.
3. Molecular evidence from comparing DNA and protein sequences among living species also supports evolutionary relationships, with more similar sequences indicating more closely related species. Estimates of divergence times are also derived from "molecular clocks."
Evidence for evolution powerpoint
The document discusses several types of evidence that support the scientific theory of evolution, including the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and biogeography. It explains that the fossil record provides evidence of evolutionary transitions from one species to another through transitional fossils. Comparative anatomy shows homologous structures that indicate common ancestry, as well as vestigial structures that have no function and provide evidence the species evolved. Biogeography seeks to explain how closely related species ended up in different parts of the world.
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This document discusses multiple lines of evidence that support Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, including biogeography, the age of the Earth, the fossil record, homologous and vestigial structures, and similarities in embryonic development. Biogeography shows that closely related species are geographically separated while distantly related species in similar environments converge. The age of the Earth, over 4.5 billion years, provides enough time for evolution. Recent fossil discoveries document intermediate forms connecting modern species to ancient ancestors. Homologous structures and vestigial organs reflect common descent, and comparable embryonic development across species also supports shared ancestry.
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The fossil record provides evidence of evolution by showing progressive changes in species over time. Layers of sedimentary rock often contain fossils, with newer layers covering older ones to create a timeline. Younger fossils in the lower, newer layers resemble modern species more closely than older fossils in higher layers. Transitional fossils that display characteristics between groups provide links between past and present species, such as Archaeopteryx showing traits of both birds and their dinosaur ancestors, and Tiktaalik displaying features of both fish and early land vertebrates. The fossil record is an incomplete record but reveals how species have changed over millions of years.
Ch 6.3 review questions
This document contains a review of multiple choice questions about homologous and analogous structures, evidence for whale evolution from land mammals, vestigial structures, fossil evidence indicating land animals evolved from fish, times of common ancestry between whales/even-toed mammals and whales/hippos, and evidence that humans are more closely related to chimpanzees. Each question is followed by four answer choices and then the question is repeated at the end for self-review.
Evolution and Changes
Evolution is the process by which organisms acquire adaptations over time. There are several lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution, including:
- Comparative anatomy, which looks at anatomical similarities between species and finds homologous structures that suggest a common ancestor.
- DNA analysis, where closer genetic relationships are found between species that share more similarities in their DNA sequences.
- The fossil record, where fossils in older rock layers tend to resemble more ancient organisms, while fossils in newer layers more closely resemble present-day species.
Origins oflifestations day1and2.ppt
This document outlines a lesson plan on evidence for the theory of evolution. It includes discussions of various topics that provide support, such as fossil evidence, comparative anatomy and embryology, biogeography, and molecular biology. Students explore these topics through vocabulary exercises, lab stations, and analysis questions. The lesson aims to explain how this scientific evidence from diverse areas of biology all points to common descent and evolution of modern organisms over time.
Evidence of evolution
1) Fossil records, anatomy, DNA, and embryology provide evidence for evolution. Fossils show transitional forms and tracks of ancient organisms. Comparing DNA between species shows greater differences the more distantly related they are.
2) Anatomical evidence like whales having vestigial hind limbs and DNA comparisons support the theory that whales evolved from land mammals. Transitional whale fossils dating back 50-35 million years show the evolution of whales from land to sea dwellers.
3) Embryos of different species resemble each other more closely in early stages of development, providing further evidence they share a common ancestor and have evolved over time from that ancestor.
5.03 Evolution evidence
This document provides information about evidence for evolution through fossils, vestigial structures, similar skeletal structures, similar DNA, and similar embryonic structures. It defines key terms like fossils, ancestors, and vestigial structures. Examples of each type of evidence are described, such as whale leg bones as vestigial structures. Students are assigned a creative writing task or collage to explain the five types of evidence for evolution.
BIODIVERSITY:EVOLUTION
FEATURING THE SUMMARY OF SCIENCE 10 UNIT 3 MODULE 3
GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION
BIODIVERSITY
FOSSILS
RELATIVE DATING METHOD
RADIOMETRIC DATING METHOD
HOMOLOGOUS
ANALOGOUS
THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION
Evolution Natural Selection And Speciation 6371
The document provides evidence from multiple scientific disciplines to support the theory of evolution. It discusses how fossils, geology, comparative anatomy and biochemistry, and other fields have contributed overwhelming evidence that life has changed over time through natural selection and common descent. The fossil record shows how life on Earth has diversified from a few common ancestors over billions of years. Comparative anatomy reveals homologous and analogous structures that support evolutionary relationships between organisms. Radiometric dating has precisely determined the age of fossils and Earth to be billions of years old, supporting the vast timescale evolution requires. Together this evidence from various sciences has established evolution as the fundamental explanatory framework of biology.
Evidence for evolution
This document provides evidence for evolution from 5 areas of scientific study: the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, molecular biology, and biogeography. Each area is summarized briefly: the fossil record shows transitional forms; comparative anatomy examines homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures; comparative embryology shows similarities in development of related species; molecular biology compares DNA/protein sequences; and biogeography looks at species distribution and examples of divergent and convergent evolution.
Evidence of evolution
The document discusses multiple lines of evidence that support evolution, including the fossil record, comparative anatomy, biogeography, embryology, and biochemistry. It explains how fossils are formed through processes like compression, petrification, and becoming molds or casts, and how fossils are used to relatively or absolutely date organisms. Comparative anatomy examines homologous and analogous structures between organisms. Biogeography and continental drift help explain the distribution of species. Embryology shows that embryos of different species resemble each other at early stages. Biochemistry finds that DNA and proteins are similar between closely related species.
Evidences of evolution
The document discusses four main categories of evidence for evolution: the fossil record, biochemical evidence, comparative anatomy, and observable events. It describes examples for each category, such as fossils showing gradual changes over time, similarities in genetic codes and proteins between organisms, homologous and vestigial structures, and studies observing evolutionary changes like beak size shifts in Darwin's finches. Overall, the document outlines the key types of evidence that support the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Evolution Science Grade 10
This document discusses evidence for evolution from fossil records, comparative anatomy, and genetics. It explains two types of evolution: divergent evolution which causes populations to split into new species, and convergent evolution which causes unrelated species to evolve similar traits from adapting to similar environments. Evidence comes from homologous and analogous structures found in fossils and between species, similarities in embryonic development, and identical amino acid sequences between proteins of different species. Early theories of evolution from Jean Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin are also summarized, including Lamarck's theory of acquired characteristics and Darwin's theory of natural selection.
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Similar to Evo review2 key
1) Give one example of each of the following. a) a homologous molecul.pdf
1) Give one example of each of the following. a) a homologous molecular trait shared by all
cellular organisms. b) a body part adapted to different functions in different species but showing
clear homology of underlying structure. c) a non-homologous similarity between organisms
adapted to similar habitats or niches (use an example NOT given in lecture). d) Amolecular
vestigial trait shared by all primates, but not most other mammals. e) Amorphological vestigial
trait shared by humans and great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, etc.)but not vestigial in other
primates (e.g. monkeys). 2) What is meant by the \"ambiguity\" of species boundaries, and why
did Darwin use it as part of his argument for common descent? 3) The picture below shows three
species as embryos (left) and as adults (right). What is the name of the phenomenon it illustrates?
What evidence does the phenomenon give about evolution?
Solution
1.
a.Aminoacids : The 20 aminoacids are same in all cellular orgainsms.
b.Forelimbs
c.Stream lined body of sharks and whales, wings of birds and insects.
d.The gulono--lactone oxidase (GLO) pseudogene.
e.Coccyx is present in humans and great apes as fused bone but is not present in monkeys as they
have tails.
2.Ambiguity of species boundaries means there is always a confusion as to which organisms can
be grouped into species; wheather sexually reproducing organisms and asexually reproducing
organisms.What boundaries should exist so as to group organisms into species has always been
ambiguous.No such species boundaries were set earlier.Darwin used it as a part of his argument
for common ancestor because according to him god had created the species and this was known
as Creationism and he emphasized on the process of natural selection to be an active process that
led to evolution from common ancestor.
3.The phenomenon that the diagram illustrates is homology.Homology in embryo is known as
ontogenetic homology and means that two or more species share same embryological similarities
and it gives an evidence that all the three embryos of species have a common ancestor but in
process of time have undergone remodelling of body parts through natural selection..
1. A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumA) consists of .docx
1. A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
A) consists of genotype frequencies that are constantly changing.
B) is under no selective pressures.
C) is very common in nature.
D) consists of allele frequencies that are constantly changing.
E) requires a small population size.
2. Which of the following is not true of the punctuated equilibrium theory?
A) It proposes that most evolutionary change is concentrated in relatively brief episodes of change.
B) It suggests that most species undergo little phenotypic change during most of their evolutionary duration.
C) It was inspired in part by patterns observed in the fossil record.
D) It appears to be well supported by the fossil record.
E) It suggests that subgroups diverge and evolve at about equal and constant rates.
3. Animals that possess both male and female sexual organs
A) are dioecious and typically self-fertilize.
B) are parthenogenetic and typically self-fertilize.
C) are dioecious and typically cross-fertilize.
D) are hermaphroditic and typically cross-fertilize.
E) are hermaphroditic and typically self-fertilize
4. On a molecular level, all organisms
A) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, but use different genetic codes.
B) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, and use the same genetic code.
C) use different means of storing genetic information.
D) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, but different amino acids in proteins.
E) show no similarities.
6. Which of the following statements about natural selection is true?
A) All individuals within a population have an equal likelihood of survival. Survival is based on chance.
B) Natural selection results in those individuals within a population who are best-adapted surviving and producing more offspring.
C) Natural selection leads to increased likelihood of survival for certain individuals based on variation. The variation must come from outside the population.
D) Natural selection leads to extinction.
E) Natural selection causes variations to arise within a population.
8. Which of the following is the best description of an adaptation?
A) a trait that will be beneficial in the future
B) a trait that is currently beneficial to survival
C) a trait that is of no advantage to survival
D) an environmental change that selects for certain traits
E) a trait that was beneficial to survival in the past
11. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are
A) produced in the testes.
B) only produced in female humans.
C) produced in the ovaries.
D) produced in both male and female humans.
E) constantly secreted into the bloodstream of males.
14. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A) is needed to form the placenta.
B) is stored in the ovaries.
C) is produced by the amnion.
D) acts as a hormone signaling menstruation.
E) can be used to reveal pregnancy.
15. Negative feedback loops act to
A) cause an erection of the penis when stimulated.
B) cause uterine contra ...
Anatomical homology
The document discusses anatomical homology, which refers to similarities in anatomical structures between different species. It provides examples of homologous structures like bones in pig and human forelimbs. Common descent argues these similarities are due to inheritance from a common ancestor. However, some counter that homologous structures can arise through different developmental pathways or genes. While common ancestry explains some homologous structures, there are also examples like whale flippers and ichthyosaur flippers that likely evolved independently and are analogous rather than homologous.
science 10 Evidence of Evolution 2nd.ppt
This document outlines the five evidences that support the theory of evolution: 1) The fossil record shows similarities between ancient and modern species. 2) Anatomical evidence like homologous and vestigial structures provide evidence of common ancestry. 3) Comparative embryology shows that vertebrate embryos share similar early structures. 4) Comparative biochemistry finds similarities in DNA that are used to classify organisms. 5) Geographic distribution of related species on islands first suggested evolution to Darwin as island species evolved similar traits.
Evolution class 9 gbs.pptx
The document discusses several key aspects of evolution including:
1. Organic evolution is the process by which living organisms change over time through natural selection.
2. There are five main types of evidence that support organic evolution including the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, biogeography, and molecular biology.
3. The fossil record provides evidence of evolution over time by showing sequences of fossils that indicate later species developed from earlier ones through gradual changes.
3 24 Evidence For Evolution
The document discusses several examples of evidence that support the theory of evolution in society and biology. It begins by asking the reader to think of an example of how evolution can be seen in society, then provides examples of fossil evidence, homologous and analogous structures in organisms, vestigial structures, similarities in DNA and embryological development between species, and how using antibacterial products could be an example of evolution in action by exposing bacteria to selection pressures. The document also lists vocabulary terms and provides a YouTube link as an example.
MidtermReview
- All organisms are made of cells that come from preexisting cells (cell theory)
- Natural selection occurs when there is heritable variation in traits that influence survival and reproduction
- Examples of natural selection can be seen in Galapagos finches, where beak size influences survival during droughts or rainy periods
- Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies over time that can be influenced by small population size, founder effects, or population bottlenecks
24 originofspecies text
The document discusses several key concepts related to the evolution of new species:
1) Speciation, or the evolution of new species, occurs through two main patterns - anagenesis involving gradual change within a species, and cladogenesis where populations diverge into distinct species.
2) Reproductive isolation through prezygotic and postzygotic barriers prevents interbreeding between species and allows them to evolve independently.
3) Speciation can occur with or without geographic separation (allopatric vs. sympatric speciation) and various genetic and environmental factors can drive both patterns of speciation.
Zoology introduction (1)
This document provides information about various topics in zoology including:
1) It outlines four main branches of life science - botany, zoology, genetics, and ecology. Zoology is defined as the science dealing with animals and animal life.
2) It then discusses seven key properties of living systems - chemical uniqueness, complexity/hierarchy, reproduction, genetic programs, metabolism, growth/development, and environmental interaction.
3) It provides an overview of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, including its five major concepts of perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of species, gradualism, and natural selection.
4) It describes several types of zoological research including structural, physiological,
Match the concept on the left to an example or definition on the righ.pdf
Match the concept on the left to an example or definition on the right. A. A shared derived
character B. A shared ancestral character C. A group containing all the descendants of a
common ancestor D. The similar body shape of a shark and a whale E. A group missing one or
more of the descendants of a common ancestor F. The same bones in similar positions in the
forelimbs of all vertebrates
Solution
1.) convergence- D.) Thee similar body shape of a shark and whale
explaination:in these unrelate or distantly related organism develope similar body form
2.) homology- B. a shared ancestral character
explaination: these is the similarity in the structure due to relatedness or common ancestory for
eg forelimb of man, bat , deer are same thus proving of mammalianancestory
3.)Monophyletic- C)A group containing all the descendants from a common ancestor
explaination: who have been derived from one common ancestor for eg: cousins of a family are
the descendant of grandfather
4.)Paraphyletic: E.) a group missing one or more descendants of a coomon ancestor
explaination: dicots and monocts, class reptilia as it exclude birds
5.)Synamorphy- A. A shared derived character
explaination:these are the characters possesed by two or more organism inherited from their
common ancestry for eg mammary gland in mammals
6.)Symplesiomorphy- F.) the same bones in similar position in the forelimb of vertebrate
explaination: shared primitive trait.
1-A) What types of data document patterns and processes of evoluti.pdf
1-
A) What types of data document patterns and processes of evolution?
B) What does homology mean and how is it important with respect to evolution? How types of
homology are for providing evidence of evolution?
C) does the fossil record provide support for the of evolution? Why do sugar gliders and flying
squirrels look so much alike?
D) What do we call the similarity between flying squirrels and sugar gliders?
E) Provide a complete explanation for the question, what is evolution Vocabulary
Solution
Answer A) There are mainly four types of data which document patterns and process of
evolution; Homology, fossil record, direct observations and biogeography.
Answer B) Homology means sharing a similar structure due to relatedness. this is important with
respect to evolution because homology tells us that two different animals which shares the
homology structures had a common ancestor during evolution. there are two types of homology
in evolution; paralogs, which tells us that two copy of one gene located at two different positions
on genome inside a single organism has evolved as a duplication event and such genes are called
paralogous. while orthologs tells us that if two genes are similar in two different organism\'s
genomes then they were originated in their ancestor.
Answer C) Yes, fossil record is one of the data documentation for the evolutionary studies and
they help to find the missing links between various points of evolution. sugar gliders and flying
squirrels look alike because they share similarity in structures such as white belly, big eyes, same
size, and a thin layer of skin under the legs for gliding in the air.
Answer D) We call this kind of similarity in same functional structures as analogy..
Wwtbam evolution game
The document appears to be a quiz on concepts related to evolution and biology. It contains 20 multiple choice questions about topics like evidence of evolution, founders of evolutionary theory, mechanisms of evolution like natural selection and genetic drift, and biological concepts such as adaptations and vestigial structures. The quiz uses interactive buttons to navigate between questions and display answer feedback.
Homology guru
This document discusses homology and species concepts. It defines homology as similarity resulting from common ancestry, such as forelimb bones in a bird, bat, and cat. Homoplasy refers to similarities not due to common ancestry, including convergence where similar features evolve independently. The document outlines typological, biological, evolutionary, and phylogenetic species concepts. It also discusses using comparative anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, paleontology and other evidence to determine homology and common descent between species.
Chapter 15.2 evidence of evolution
Multiple lines of evidence support the theory of evolution, including fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and the geographic distribution of organisms. Fossils show transitional forms and derived versus ancestral traits. Comparative anatomy reveals homologous and vestigial structures. Embryos of different species exhibit homologous structures early in development. Biochemistry demonstrates complex molecules shared across species. Geographic distribution patterns also provide evidence of evolution.
PowerPoint for Week 5 Day 4 about fossils
The document discusses evidence of evolution from fossils and comparative anatomy. It describes the different types of fossils formed by permineralization, compression, and molds/casts. Comparative anatomy studies the similarities and differences between species, with homologous structures providing evidence of common ancestry, unlike analogous structures. Vestigial structures also provide evolutionary evidence as remnants of ancestral traits.
PowerPoint for Week 5 Day 4 about fossils
The document discusses evidence of evolution from fossils and comparative anatomy. It describes the different types of fossils formed by permineralization, compression, and molds/casts. Comparative anatomy studies the similarities and differences between species, with homologous structures providing evidence of common ancestry, unlike analogous structures. Vestigial structures also provide evolutionary evidence as remnants of ancestral traits.
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014TEST MName.docx
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014
TEST M
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Homologous chromosomes ______.
A) include only the autosomes
B) separate during interphase
C) include only the sex chromosomes
D) are a set of chromosomes that the cell received from one parent
E) carry the same genes
1)
2) Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example,
the sperm are changing ______.
A) kinetic energy into chemical energy
B) chemical energy into potential energy
C) kinetic energy into potential energy
D) chemical energy into kinetic energy
E) none of the above
2)
3) Examine the genetic code table, shown below. The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______. 3)
1
A) serine
B) alanine
C) glycine
D) threonine
E) arginine
4) Hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets) is inherited as an sex-linked dominant trait.
The relevant gene is found on the X chromosome. What is the expected outcome of a cross
between a homozygous recessive woman and a man with hypophosphatemia?
A) Seventy-five percent of their offspring exhibit hypophosphatemia.
B) Twenty-five percent of their offspring exhibit hypophosphatemia.
C) Fifty percent of their daughters and fifty percent of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia.
D) All of their daughters and none of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia.
E) All of their sons and none of their daughters exhibit hypophosphatemia.
4)
Please read the following paragraph and answer the following question(s).
Amanda's parents realized that her body was not developing properly about the time she was 12 years old. She was
shorter than most of her friends and was not going through changes normally associated with female puberty. They took
her to a doctor who initially diagnosed Amanda with Turner Syndrome because of her physical features. He ordered a
karyotype that confirmed his diagnosis. Amanda was born with only one X chromosome. Although there is no specific
cure, the doctor was able to treat her and correct some of the problems associated with the condition. For example, she
received growth hormone to improve her growth and estrogen to help her develop the physical changes of puberty.
5) Amanda's abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from ______.
A) random fertilization
B) independent assortment of chromosomes
C) cytokinesis
D) nondisjunction
E) crossing over
5)
6) Speciation requires ______.
A) long periods of time
B) geographic isolation
C) periods of rapid evolutionary change
D) a mass extinction so that new environmental opportunities will be available to the
survivors
E) genetic isolation
6)
7) The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life is most likely to be seen in ______.
A) Native Americans
B) East Asian populations
C) populations that live in cold climates
D) cultures that keep dairy herds
E) populations that live in wet climates
7)
2
8) Which of the foll ...
E. cell cycle check your learning
- The document provides a series of questions and multiple choice answers related to cell division, the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and genetics.
- It tests understanding of key concepts like DNA replication, chromosome structure, stages of the cell cycle, the number of chromosomes in human body and gamete cells, and more.
- Reviewing the questions and choosing answers provides an opportunity for self-testing on these important topics in cell biology.
Evidence of Evolution Review
This document summarizes various forms of evidence that support the theory of evolution through natural selection, including:
1) Fossil evidence shows that organisms on Earth have changed over time.
2) Biogeography and anatomical similarities between organisms indicate descent from a common ancestor.
3) Embryological and biological molecular evidence, such as similar DNA sequences, also support evolutionary relationships between organisms.
4) Analogous and homologous structures provide additional evidence for shared ancestry between species.
02 evidence of evolution comparative anatomy
The document discusses three types of evidence from comparative anatomy that support evolution:
1) Homologous structures are body parts with similar structures but different functions in different species, indicating a close evolutionary relationship.
2) Analogous structures are body parts with similar functions but different structures in different species, showing no direct evolutionary relationship.
3) Vestigial structures are remnants of structures that had a use in ancestral species but have little or no function in current species.
Similar to Evo review2 key (20)
1) Give one example of each of the following. a) a homologous molecul.pdf
1) Give one example of each of the following. a) a homologous molecul.pdf
1. A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumA) consists of .docx
1. A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumA) consists of .docx
Match the concept on the left to an example or definition on the righ.pdf
Match the concept on the left to an example or definition on the righ.pdf
1-A) What types of data document patterns and processes of evoluti.pdf
1-A) What types of data document patterns and processes of evoluti.pdf
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014TEST MName.docx
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014TEST MName.docx
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Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859, in which he described the process of natural selection, by which organisms with heritable traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to the next generation. Individuals within a species vary in their traits, and those variants better adapted to the local environment confer higher fitness and are more likely to survive and reproduce, while less adapted traits die out over many generations through this process.
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Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection suggests that all living species share common ancestors and are descended from earlier species through gradual modification over extremely long periods of time, as evidenced by the fossil record. The tree of life depicts how all species are related through common descent from earlier ancestral forms and have diverged and branched out over deep time through descent with modification from shared ancestors.
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2. Prior scientists like Charles Lyell, James Hutton, and Jean Baptiste Lamarck contributed ideas that influenced Darwin, such as deep time and acquired characteristics, though Darwin's theory improved upon their ideas.
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Evo review2 key
- 2. Biogeography is the study of: A)A) different levels of fitness in a population ofdifferent levels of fitness in a population of organisms.organisms. B)B) the conditions under which natural selectionthe conditions under which natural selection occurs.occurs. C)C) where organisms live now and where they andwhere organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past.their ancestors lived in the past. D)D) the fancy breeding of plants and animals.the fancy breeding of plants and animals.
- 3. This image represents what pattern of Biogeography? A) Distantly related but similar - (convergent). B) Closely related but different - (divergent).
- 4. This image represents what pattern of Biogeography? A) Distantly related but similar - (convergent). B) Closely related but different - (divergent).
- 5. Define the term FOSSIL: A)A) preserved layers of ancient rock.preserved layers of ancient rock. B)B) preserved remains or traces of organisms.preserved remains or traces of organisms. C)C) a type of watch.a type of watch. D)D) layers of volcanic ash.layers of volcanic ash.
- 6. How could fossils be used as a form of evidence toHow could fossils be used as a form of evidence to show that organisms are evolving over time?show that organisms are evolving over time?
- 8. A HOMOLOGOUS structure is: A)A) body parts that share a common function but notbody parts that share a common function but not structure.structure. B)B) body parts that share a common structure andbody parts that share a common structure and are inherited by a common ancestor.are inherited by a common ancestor. C)C) body parts that have common function and arebody parts that have common function and are inherited from a common ancestor.inherited from a common ancestor.
- 10. A VESTIGIAL structure: A) body parts inherited from common ancestors that have lost much or all of their function. B) body parts inherited from a common ancestor that are like a vest. C) fossilized body parts of extinct organisms that show common descent.
- 12. Similar patterns in early developmental stages of animals with backbones: A)A)VestigiologyVestigiology B)B)EmbryologyEmbryology C)C)HomologousologHomologousolog yy D)D)MolecularnessMolecularness
- 13. A) Vestigial B) Embryology C) Homologous D) Molecular
- 14. A) Vestigial B) Embryology C) Homologous D) Molecular
- 15. A) Vestigial B) Embryology C) Homologous D) Molecular
- 16. How does the genetic code give us evidence for common descent? Take 30 seconds to write out your best answer - in your own words.
- 17. According to this chart who is the closest relative to cow? A) Rabbit B) Pigeon C) Rhesus Monkey D) You
- 18. A) Mouse & Chicken B) Chicken & Baleen Whale C) Mouse & Baleen Whale Who is more closely related?
- 19. These pine cones represent what pattern of Biogeography? A) Distantly related but similar - (convergent). B) Closely related but different - (divergent).