Today, we continue our journey into the world of RDBMS (relational database management systems) and SQL (Structured Query Language).
In this presentation, you will understand about some key definitions and then you will learn how to work with multiple tables that have relationships with each other.
First, we will go covering some core concepts and key definitions, and then will begin working with JOINs queries in SQL.
Types Of Join In Sql Server - Join With Example In Sql Serverprogrammings guru
Do you know How many types of Joins in SQL. In this ppt presentation we are discussion about types of joins in sql server eg: INNER JOIN , SELF JOIN ,OUTER JOIN ,Right outer Join,Left outer Join,Full Outer Join,CROSS JOIN .
This presentation gives a clear and concise description of joins in sql and several types of sql joins.
These slides also contains the pictorial representation as well as syntax for each type of joins.
Types Of Join In Sql Server - Join With Example In Sql Serverprogrammings guru
Do you know How many types of Joins in SQL. In this ppt presentation we are discussion about types of joins in sql server eg: INNER JOIN , SELF JOIN ,OUTER JOIN ,Right outer Join,Left outer Join,Full Outer Join,CROSS JOIN .
This presentation gives a clear and concise description of joins in sql and several types of sql joins.
These slides also contains the pictorial representation as well as syntax for each type of joins.
Using and Creating SQL Functions with Ammar Hassan Brohi.
String Functions
Numeric Functions
String / Number Conversion Functions
Group Functions
Date and Time Functions
Date Conversion Functions
Database normalization is the process of refining the data in accordance with a series of normal forms. This is done to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. This process divides large tables into small tables and links them using relationships.
Here is the link of full article: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/database-normalization
Consists of the explanations of the basics of SQL and commands of SQL.Helpful for II PU NCERT students and also degree studeents to understand some basic things.
Using and Creating SQL Functions with Ammar Hassan Brohi.
String Functions
Numeric Functions
String / Number Conversion Functions
Group Functions
Date and Time Functions
Date Conversion Functions
Database normalization is the process of refining the data in accordance with a series of normal forms. This is done to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. This process divides large tables into small tables and links them using relationships.
Here is the link of full article: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/database-normalization
Consists of the explanations of the basics of SQL and commands of SQL.Helpful for II PU NCERT students and also degree studeents to understand some basic things.
Payilagam Software Training Institute provides real time SQL and PLSQL training in Chennai. We share our syllabus here for the benefit of SQl&PLSQL learners
For More details please visit: www.payilagam.com
Everything about Database JOINS and RelationshipsOXUS 20
Today, we continue our journey into the world of RDBMS (relational database management systems) and SQL (Structured Query Language).
In this presentation, you will understand about some key definitions and then you will learn how to work with multiple tables that have relationships with each other.
First, we will go covering some core concepts and key definitions, and then will begin working with JOINs queries in SQL.
ACCT202 SUMMER 2018 ONLINE SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTFINANCIAL RATIOS FO.docxnettletondevon
ACCT202 SUMMER 2018 ONLINE SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT
FINANCIAL RATIOS FOR A PUBLICLY–OWNED COMPANY OF YOUR CHOICE
DIRECTIONS:
TO SEE A SAMPLE REPORT FOR GUIDANCE, PLEASE REVIEW THIS SEPARATE FILE:
“ACCT202 SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT SAMPLE WITH COMMENTS - AMAZON”
SUBMIT THIS REPORT THROUGH THE CANVAS SITE AS A WORD DOCUMENT ATTACHMENT
· CHOOSE A COMPANY that is widely known with a publicly-held stock.
· COMPLETE this FORM.
· SAVEthe completed form as a WORD document with your Last name in the file name:
· ACCT202 SUMMER 18 SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT YOUR LAST NAME.docx
The DUE DATE IS AUGUST 17TH AT 11 PM.
From the Syllabus:
SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT:
Each student must chose a publically held company and submit, at the end of the term, a structured financial analysis that follows the PowerPoint a WORD document format provided by the instructor. The details and the submission will be delivered and presented through the Canvas site. It accounts for 10% of the overall grade.
PLEASE REVIEW CHAPTER 12 AND EXHIBIT 12-10 ON PAGES 587 & 588 IN OUR COURSE TEXTBOOK:
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING-W/MYACCOUNTINGLAB | Edition: 4TH 17
Author: KEMP ISBN: 9780134436111 Publisher: PEARSON
IMPORTANT PARAMETERS:
You must select three consecutive years.
REMINDER: For balance sheet references that require an “average” level, use the prior & current year’s balance.
For Year 2 data – use the average between Years One and Two: [(YEAR 1 + YEAR 2) ÷ 2]
For Year 3 data - use the average between Years Two and Three: [(YEAR 2 + YEAR 3) ÷ 2]
NOTE: Use Year Two as a “Base” Year. When making your comments, please address the PERCENTAGE CHANGE in the RATIO between years Two and Three.
For example:
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
Change
(YEAR 3 – YEAR 2)
% Change
(Change ÷YEAR 2)
Comment
2.0
2.4
0.4
20%
This small change of 0.4 is actually a 20% increase over the YEAR 2 level!
Be sure to recognize the magnitude of changes on a percentage basis. In this example, the CHANGE FROM YEAR 2 TO YEAR 3 OF 0.4 IS ACTUALLY A LARGE 20% CHANGE FROM THE BASE YEAR!
It’s a 20% change from 2.0 (0.4÷2.0 = 20%) – not a just a change of a meager four-tenths.
Here is the Format and the Form you should use:
ACCT202 SUMMER 2017 ONLINE SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT FORM
THROUGH MODULES IN CANVAS, SUBMIT A WORD DOCUMENT AS AN UPLOAD IN THE CANVAS ASSIGNMENT WITH THIS TILE:
ACCT202 SUMMER 18 SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT YOUR LAST NAME.docx
For example, a student named Gloria Sebastian would submit:
ACCT202 SUMMER 18 SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT SEBASTIAN.docx
COMPUTE THESE RATIOS AND ADD YOUR OWN COMMENTS:
YOUR NAME ___________________________
DEFINE YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE DATA SOURCE ___________________________________
(Web search for a 10-K REPORT) USE: http://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch.html
Please use other web-based sources – there are many that display the financial ratios.
COMPANY NAME __________________________ YEAR 1 = ___________ YEAR 2 = __________ YEAR 3 = __________
This WORD Table will expand to capture all you.
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) makes it easier for programmers to structure and form software programs; since individual objects can be modified without touching other aspects of the program.
With this presentation we are covering most OOP features (Class, Object, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, etc.) with real life examples.
Running Head STUDENT RECORD KEEPING SYSTEM DATABASE PROJECT 1.docxjeanettehully
Running Head: STUDENT RECORD KEEPING SYSTEM DATABASE PROJECT 1
STUDENT RECORD KEEPING SYSTEM DATABASE PROJECT 15
Student Record Keeping System Database Project
Professor’s Name
Student’s Name
Course Title
Date
Project Description
In any learning environment like most learning institutions, their success in academic endeavors depends on the ability of the institution to acquire accurate as well as up to date information regarding its daily activities. This will specifically help the organizational management in effectively managing as well as the use of the available data in analyzing as well as guiding its activities. The major important data that a learning organization must take good care of is the information regarding the students. The students being the main customers or stakeholders of learning institutions, their data which ranges from the student’s background information, the course being undertaken by the student, the financial status of the student besides the beginning and ending years of their study must be well kept and in an organized manner. Therefore the main and specific objective of this project is to create or develop a student database system that will assist in storing the students’ records, hence reducing the duration spent on managerial issues (Al-Dmour, 2016).
According to the architecture of the database, it will mainly accept, process, besides generating the students' reports which will encompass the grades and transcripts respectively. The provision of better services to the registrar, provision of meaningful information, keeping consistency, timely information as well as efficiency in the conversion of paperwork to electronic form are also some of the areas where this “Students Record-Keeping System Database” will assist (Frantiska, 2018).
This “Students Record-Keeping System Database” will be developed by the use of basic technologies which are Microsoft access, the embedded visual basic, as well as the graffiti creator. It must be noted that this system will be free of errors with 99% efficiency, note unless the error is caused by the user like errors of omission. It will also be less time consuming as a result of the great care that will be taken when developing the system. It must be noted also that all the database system creation phases will be employed while developing the “Students Record-Keeping System Database”, and therefore, it is with no doubt that this database system will be a user-friendly one besides being strong (Al-Btoush, 2015). The system will also have some provisions for future development of the system if need be.
The main features of the systems will be; the ability to deal with all details of the students starting from the first day to the last day of the student’s his or her course. This can be specifically be also utilized for all the reporting purposes, tracking for attendance, progress in the course, the completed semester years, coming year curriculum details, t ...
Student Administration System is primarily a paper based method to manage of student information or student profile detail. Nowadays, most people are not interested paper based application. So, find more efficient solution to reduce paper waste, and staff workload. Administration System is the most suitable solution for people who want to request without paper and view for their request. Decision support system is used for easily making decisions by administrators. Administration System is accessible from anywhere and works with a secure login. The system is fully secure and protected from accessing without authorization. With a user friendly interface requests and approvals can be completed quickly and accurately. Administration System is an automatic system that allows users to apply for management of their data with easily. Ma Hnin Yu Myaing | Ma Naing "Student Administration System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26388.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/26388/student-administration-system/ma-hnin-yu-myaing
Streamlining Kindergarten Management: A Database SolutionLakpaYanziSherpa
In our final project, my friend and I created a user-friendly Database Management Software for Wisdom Kindergarten. It streamlines student information management, including health records and outstanding balances, while enhancing administrative operations. The software facilitates smooth communication among users and simplifies kindergarten administration. Key features include tracking student details, managing guardian information, recording student progress, tracking health records, managing classrooms and subjects, and monitoring finances. Overall, our project aims to improve efficiency and decision-making in kindergarten management
CIS 111 STUDY Knowledge Specialist--cis111study.comchrysanthemu86
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.cis111study.com
This Tutorial contains 6 Set of Midterm Exam (Approximately – 240 MCQ)
Set 1
• Question 1____ provide(s) a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.
• Question 2 A desktop database is a ____ database.
• Question 3 End-user data is ____.
Similar to Everything about Database JOINS and Relationships (20)
Data is the Fuel of Organizations: Opportunities and Challenges in AfghanistanAbdul Rahman Sherzad
A car without fuel cannot be driven; a mobile, a laptop or a PC without power cannot be used; a website without feeding won't have any visitors; likewise, an organization without data will not stand and cannot be survived.
The data quickly becoming one of the most important resources for any country, company, or organizations. It is the data that enables organizations to explain the past and guess the future through data science and business intelligence tools.
This presentation demonstrates how the Kankor data can be used as a resource in the context of Afghanistan, particularly, the candidates’ names that organizations in Afghanistan do not use for anything.
Read the following paper for more information and examples:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322695084_Data_is_the_Fuel_of_Organizations_Opportunities_and_Challenges_in_Afghanistan
These useful functions/snippets enable you to validate Unicode characters such as Digits, Person names, and Text mainly used in Afghanistan and Iran.
Feature list:
* Validate Person names commonly used in Afghanistan and Iran. Person names may be in Persian/Dari, Arabic, and English and similar languages;
* Validate only Persian Text;
* Validate only Pashtu Text;
* Validate digit in Persian/Dari, Pashtu and Arabic format;
* Validate digit in all common formats.
This presentation explains and solves problems such as Factorial, Fibonacci, Greatest Common Divisor, Binary Search, and Traversing Directory and Sub-Directories in both recursion and iteration.
In summary, there are similarities between recursion and iteration. Hence, any problems that can be solved with iterations can be solved with recursions and vice versa.
In SQL, the ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set in ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC) order by some specified column/columns.
It works great for most of the cases. However, for alphanumeric data, it may not return the result-set that you will be expecting.
This presentation explains how this can be addressed using different techniques.
In PHP, variable variables take the value of one variable, and treat that as the name of another variable.
Variable variables are just variables whose names can be programmatically set and accessed. Hence, they are also called dynamic variable names.
Cross joins are used to return every combination of rows from two and more than two tables. Cross Joins are sometimes called a Cartesian product. This presentation illustrates cross join examples and applications in real life.
Applicability of Educational Data Mining in Afghanistan: Opportunities and Ch...Abdul Rahman Sherzad
The increase in enrollment in education and higher education institutions, the increase in the use of the Internet as well as the emergence of technology in educational systems have led to the aggregation of large amounts of student data at educational institutions (schools, colleges, and universities), which makes it vital to use data mining methods to improve the educational settings.
Although educational institutions collect an enormous amount of student data, this data is utilized to produce basic insights and is not used for decisions to improve the educational settings.
To get essential benefits from the data, powerful techniques are required to extract the useful knowledge which is valuable and significant for the decision and policy makers.
Secure web programming plus end users' awareness are the last line of defense against attacks targeted at the corporate systems, particularly web applications, in the era of world-wide web.
Most web application attacks occur through Cross Site Scripting (XSS), and SQL Injection. On the other hand, most web application vulnerabilities arise from weak coding with failure to properly validate users' input, and failure to properly sanitize output while displaying the data to the visitors.
The literature also confirms the following web application weaknesses in 2010: 26% improper output handling, 22% improper input handling, and 15% insufficient authentication, and others.
Abdul Rahman Sherzad, lecturer at Computer Science Faculty of Herat University, and Ph.D. student at Technical University of Berlin gave a presentation at 12th IT conference on Higher Education for Afghanistan in MoHE, and then conducted a seminar at Hariwa Institute of Higher Education in Herat, Afghanistan introducing web application security threats by demonstrating the security problems that exist in corporate systems with a strong emphasis on secure development. Major security vulnerabilities, secure design and coding best practices when designing and developing web-based applications were covered.
The main objective of the presentation was raising awareness about the problems that might occur in web-application systems, as well as secure coding practices and principles. The presentation's aims were to build security awareness for web applications, to discuss the threat landscape and the controls users should use during the software development lifecycle, to introduce attack methods, to discuss approaches for discovering security vulnerabilities, and finally to discuss the basics of secure web development techniques and principles.
Database Automation with MySQL Triggers and Event SchedulersAbdul Rahman Sherzad
This advanced training seminar on "Database Automation using MySQL Triggers and Event Schedulers" is dedicated to the Computer Science graduates and students of both public and private universities.
In this seminar we are going to look in depth at MySQL Triggers and Event Schedulers– powerful features supported by most popular commercial and open source relational database systems.
The Triggers are powerful tools for protecting the integrity of the data in the databases, logging and auditing of the changes on data, business logic, perform calculations, run further SQL commands, etc.
The Events are very useful to automate some database operations such as optimizing database tables, cleaning up logs, archiving data, or generate complex reports during off-peak time, etc.
The participants will learn about the true concept, implementation and application of MySQL Triggers and Event Schedulers with real life examples and scenarios.
They will also learn how to use the database triggers and event schedulers in many real cases to automate database tasks - such as optimizing database tables, cleaning up logs, archiving data, or generate complex reports during off-peak time.
This seminar is presented by Abdul Rahman Sherzad lecturer at Computer Science faculty of Herat University, and PhD Student at Technical University of Berlin, Germany at Hariwa Institute of Higher Education, Herat, Afghanistan.
Education is one of the main pillars and key concerns for each society in general. In developing countries, in particular in Afghanistan, we observe a remarkable increase in enrollment in education and higher education institutions, but most of the students don't have proper access to their scores. For instance, while Kankor result is announced the vast amounts of traffic the visitors generate make the website completely down and inaccessible. Another example, There is no efficient method to access the university scores in particular for students from other provinces. Last but not least, Diploma and certification verification is a lengthy and complicated process, when graduated students apply for jobs and scholarships inside or outside of Afghanistan they are asked to provide their certificate and diploma. One of the solutions can be verification of the graduation documents through SMS.
In Herat Innovation Lab 2015, Education group members under the mentorship of Abdul Rahman Sherzad chose this social and educational domain problem and within three days they designed and developed a prototype solution that enable students to access i.e. Kankor Scores Result, University Scores Result, Faculties Announcements and Events, and Certificate/Diploma Verification via SMS, Mobile and Web Applications effectively and efficiently.
Innovation Labs (iLabs) is a social innovation program covering a series of conferences. One the one hand, the goal is to bring social and technology experts together for the networking purpose. On the other hand, the motivation is to harness technology to solve the most challenging social and environmental problems and to build tech-based systems.
This presentation looks into the existing web structure and services of all Afghan universities, not only to evaluate the entire infrastructure but also to systematically analyze the gaps and design challenges of web platforms and services as a means of communication and collaboration among various stakeholders including the Ministry of Higher Education, its subsidiaries, students and other related audience.
The presentation finds that the environment for necessary ICT infrastructure and services is up to the expected required standard to provide access to various online resources and systems. The next important finding is the increasing demand by students to access information online rather than the existing traditional paper-based systems. Another very important finding is related to the non-existence of a formal managerial oversight to all the online resources and thus has resulted to a very poor quality of content, outdated information and the services that don't meet the expected needs and challenges.
PHP Basic and Fundamental Questions and Answers with Detail ExplanationAbdul Rahman Sherzad
These PHP basic and fundamental questions and answers with detail explanation help students and learners to think comprehensive, and to seek more to understand the concept and the root of each topic concretely.
This presentation introduces Java Applet and Java Graphics in detail with examples and finally using the concept of both applet and graphics code the analog clock project to depict how to use them in real life challenges and applications.
Fundamentals of Database Systems questions and answers with explanation for fresher's and experienced for interview, competitive examination and entrance test.
This presentation guide you how to make a custom Splash Screen step by step using Java Programming. In addition, you will learn the concept and usage of Java Timer, Java Progress Bar and Window ...
This presentation explains step by step how to develop and code Fal-e Hafez (Omens of Hafez) Cards in Persian Using JAVA. There are several applications which are coded by different programming languages i.e. Java languages for Desktops and Mobiles, HTML and CSS and PHP for Web Pages, etc. and this shows the importance of Omens of Hafez among the Persian people.
This presentation is an introduction to the design, creation, and maintenance of web design and development life cycle and web technologies. With it, you will learn about the web technologies, the life cycle of developing an efficient website and web application and finally some web essentials questions will be provided and reviewed.
Java Virtual Keyboard Using Robot, Toolkit and JToggleButton ClassesAbdul Rahman Sherzad
A Virtual Keyboard is considered to be a component to use on computers without a real keyboard e.g. Touch Screen Computers and Smart Phones; where a mouse can utilize the keyboard functionalities and features.
In addition, Virtual Keyboard used for the following subjects: Foreign Character Sets, Touchscreen, Bypass Key Loggers, etc.
With Unicode you can program and accomplish many funny, cool and useful programs and tools as for instance, Abjad Calculator, Bubble Text Generator to write letters in circle, Flip Text Generator to write letters upside down, Google Transliteration to convert English names to Persian/Arabic, etc...
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. Database Definition
» A database is a set of related data that has a regular
structure and that is organized in such a way that a
computer can easily find the desired information.
» A database is a collection of information that is
organized so that it can easily be accessed,
managed, and updated.
» A database is a collection logically related data.
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3. DBMS Definition
» A DBMS (Database Management System) is a set of
software programs or a tools which helps the user to
perform all related operations i.e. to store, access,
and process data or facts into useful information.
» A DBMS guarantees security, integrity, and privacy
by providing a centralized control of database.
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4. DBMS Examples
» Free and Open Source
˃ MySQL
˃ PostgreSQL
˃ SQLite
˃ Firebird
» Proprietary and Closed Source
˃ Microsoft SQL Server (MS SQL)
˃ Oracle
˃ Microsoft Access
˃ DB2
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5. Application Program Definition
» An application program (sometimes shortened to
application) accesses the database by sending
queries or requests to the DBMS via a GUI
(Graphical User Interface).
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6. Database System Definition
» The database, the DBMS software, and the
application program together are called a database
system.
˃ Computerized Library Systems
˃ ATM (Automated Teller Machines)
˃ Flight Reservation Systems
˃ Computerized Human Resource Systems
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7. Summary at a Glance
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GUI / Web Interface
MySQL, Oracle, MS SQL
Facebook, YouTube, Library System
• Data related to the videos
• Data related to the users
• Data related to the library
8. Relationship Definition
» When creating a database, common sense dictates that
we use separate tables for different types of entities to
reduce and overcome redundancy.
» We need to establish relationships between these
separated tables to provide useful information.
» A relationship exists between two database tables when
one table has a foreign key that references the primary
key of another table.
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9. Types of Relationships
» One to One Relationships
˃ Both tables can have only one record on either side of the relationship.
» One to Many / Many to One Relationships
˃ The primary key table contains only one record that relates to none, one, or
many records in the related table.
» Many to Many Relationships
˃ Each record in both tables can relate to any number of records (or no records) in
the other table.
» Self Referencing Relationships
˃ This is used when a table needs to have a relationship with itself.
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10. JOINS
» When selecting data from multiple tables with
relationships, we will be using the JOIN query.
» INNER JOIN
» Natural JOIN
» Left (Outer) JOIN
» Right (Outer) JOIN
» Cross JOIN
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11. JOIN in Live Examples
Students Subjects
code first_name last_name
20120 Abdul Rahman Sherzad
20121 Cristina Silva
20122 Bob Logan
20123 Ana Nava
20124 Sekila Manzikalla
id subject_name
1 Web Development
2 Web Design
3 Concept of Programming
4 Fundamentals of Database Systems
5 Graphic Design
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12. Visualizing the Relationships
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The database includes a "many-to-many" relationship; each student can take
many subjects, while each subject can of course chosen by many students.
To represent this, there is students table, subjects table, and enrollments table
to show the combinations of the students enrolled in subjects and the subjects
which taken by the students.
13. Database Schema
DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS joins;
CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS joins
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE
utf8_general_ci;
USE joins;
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14. Table Students Schema
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (
code INT NOT NULL,
first_name VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (code)
) ENGINE = InnoDB;
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15. Table Students Data
INSERT INTO students
(code, first_name, last_name)
VALUES (20120, 'Abdul Rahman', 'Sherzad'),
(20121, 'Cristina', 'Silva'),
(20122, 'Bob', 'Logan'),
(20123, 'Ana', 'Nava'),
(20124, 'Sekila', 'Manzikalla');
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16. Table Subjects Schema
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS subjects;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS subjects (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
subject_name VARCHAR(45) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
UNIQUE INDEX (subject_name)
) ENGINE = InnoDB;
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17. Table Subjects Data
INSERT INTO subjects (id, subject_name)
VALUES (1, 'Web Development'),
(2, 'Web Design'),
(3, 'Concept of Programming'),
(4, 'Fundamentals of Database Systems'),
(5, 'Graphic Design');
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18. Table Enrollments Schema
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS enrollments;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS enrollments (
student_code INT NOT NULL,
subject_id INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (student_code, subject_id),
FOREIGN KEY (student_code) REFERENCES students (code)
ON DELETE CASCADE
ON UPDATE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY (subject_id) REFERENCES subjects (id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE = InnoDB;
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20. INNER JOIN (JOIN)
» The most frequently used clause is INNER JOIN
or just JOIN.
» Fetching Matching Records From All the Tables
» Let's say we want to see which students taken
which subjects.
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21. INNER JOIN (JOIN)
SELECT code, first_name, last_name,
subject_name
FROM students INNER JOIN enrollments
ON students.code = enrollments.student_code
INNER JOIN subjects
ON enrollments.subject_id = subjects.id;
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22. Alternative I - INNER JOIN (JOIN)
SELECT code, first_name, last_name,
subject_name
FROM students INNER JOIN enrollments
INNER JOIN subjects
ON students.code = enrollments.student_code
AND enrollments.subject_id = subjects.id;
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23. Alternative II – Just JOIN
SELECT code, first_name, last_name,
subject_name
FROM students JOIN enrollments
ON students.code = enrollments.student_code
JOIN subjects
ON enrollments.subject_id = subjects.id;
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24. Alternative III – Where Clause
SELECT code, first_name, last_name,
subject_name
FROM students, subjects, enrollments
WHERE students.code =
enrollments.student_code
AND enrollments.subject_id = subjects.id;
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26. Alternative IV - Alias
SELECT code AS 'Student Code',
first_name AS 'First Name',
last_name AS 'Last Name',
subject_name AS 'Subject'
FROM students AS stu INNER JOIN enrollments AS en
ON stu.code = en.student_code
INNER JOIN subjects AS sub
ON en.subject_id = sub.id;
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27. Alternative V – Alias Refined
SELECT code 'Student Code',
first_name 'First Name',
last_name 'Last Name',
subject_name 'Subject'
FROM students stu INNER JOIN enrollments en
ON stu.code = en.student_code
INNER JOIN subjects sub
ON en.subject_id = sub.id;
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29. RIGHT JOIN (RIGHT OUTER JOIN)
» What if we require a list of all students and their
subjects even if they are not enrolled on one?
» A RIGHT JOIN produces a set of records which
matches every entry in the right table (students)
regardless of any matching entry in the left table
(subjects) and / or (enrollments).
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30. RIGHT JOIN (RIGHT OTHER JOIN)
SELECT code, first_name, last_name,
subject_name
FROM subjects INNER JOIN enrollments
ON subjects.id = enrollments.subject_id
RIGHT JOIN students
ON students.code = enrollments.student_code;
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32. LEFT JOIN (LEFT OUTER JOIN)
» Let's change the scenario, perhaps we require a list of
all subjects and students even if the subjects are not
chosen by any students?
» A LEFT JOIN produces a set of records which matches
every entry in the left table (subjects) regardless of any
matching entry in the right table (students) and / or
enrollments.
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33. LEFT JOIN (LEFT OUTER JOIN)
SELECT subject_name, code, first_name,
last_name
FROM subjects LEFT JOIN
( students INNER JOIN enrollments
ON students.code = enrollments.student_code )
ON subjects.id = enrollments.subject_id;
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34. Alternative – RIGHT JOIN
SELECT subject_name, code, first_name,
last_name
FROM students INNER JOIN enrollments
ON students.code = enrollments.student_code
RIGHT JOIN subjects
ON subjects.id = enrollments.subject_id
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36. LEFT JOIN vs. RIGHT JOIN
» LEFT (OUTER) JOIN and RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN
works exactly the same.
» ONLY the order of the tables are reversed!
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37. FULL JOIN (or FULL OUTER JOIN)
» The OUTER JOIN which returns all records in both
tables regardless of any match. Where no match exists,
the missing side will contain NULL.
» OUTER JOIN is less useful than INNER, LEFT or RIGHT
joins and it's not implemented in MySQL.
» However, you can work around this restriction using the
UNION of a LEFT and RIGHT JOIN.
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38. FULL JOIN (or FULL OUTER JOIN)
SELECT code, first_name, last_name, subject_name
FROM subjects LEFT JOIN
( students INNER JOIN enrollments
ON students.code = enrollments.student_code )
ON subjects.id = enrollments.subject_id
UNION
SELECT code, first_name, last_name, subject_name
FROM subjects INNER JOIN enrollments
ON subjects.id = enrollments.subject_id
RIGHT JOIN students ON students.code = enrollments.student_code;
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40. Cross Join
» This is the default type of JOIN query when no
condition is specified.
» The result is a so called "Cartesian Product" of the
tables.
» It means that each row from the first table is
matched with each row of the second table.
» Since each table had 5 rows, we ended up getting a
result of 25 rows.
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41. Cross Join
SELECT code, first_name, last_name,
subject_name
FROM
students
CROSS JOIN
subjects;
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42. Cross Join - Alternative
SELECT code, first_name, last_name,
subject_name
FROM Students, subjects;
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44. SELF JOIN
» The SELF JOIN is used to join a table to itself as if
the table were two tables; temporarily renaming at
least one table in the SQL statement.
» You can view SELF JOIN as two identical tables. But
in normalization you cannot create two copies of the
table so you just simulate having two tables with
SELF JOIN.
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45. SELF JOIN
» Let's say you have a
table named "users"
with following
structure:
˃ User ID
˃ User Name
˃ User's Manager's ID
UserID UserName ManagerID
1 Abdul Rahman Sherzad 0
2 Ana Nava 1
3 Bob Logan 2
4 Cristina Silva 3
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46. Table Users Schema
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
UserID int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
UserName varchar(50) NOT NULL,
ManagerID int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (UserID)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
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48. SLEF JOIN - Example
SELECT u.UserID, u.UserName AS 'User
Name', m.UserName AS 'Manager Name'
FROM users u INNER JOIN users m
ON u.ManagerID = m.UserID;
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50. SELF JOIN with LEFT JOIN
SELECT u.UserID, u.UserName AS 'User
Name', m.UserName AS 'Manager Name'
FROM users u LEFT JOIN users m
ON u.ManagerID = m.UserID
ORDER BY u.UserID ASC;
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52. Conclusion
» Thank you for reading this presentation. I hope
you that it gives you a better understanding of
JOINS and helps you write more efficient SQL
queries as well as enjoyed it!
» Please leave your comments and questions, and
have a great day
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