The document introduces SQL statements and joins. It discusses the main SQL statement types - DDL, DML, DCL, DQL - and provides examples of commands like CREATE, DROP, ALTER, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, GRANT, REVOKE, SELECT. It also explains different types of joins in SQL - INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN - and provides the syntax for each.

1. WELCOME

2. SQL Statements & Joins

3. Introduction
•SQL – Structured Query Language
•SQL lets you access and manipulate database

4. SQL Statements
•DDL - Data Definition Language
– Create, alter, drop,truncate…
•DML - Data Manipulation Language
– Insert, update, delete…
•DCL – Data Control Language
– grant, revoke
•DQL –Data Query Language
–select

5. DDL Statements
•Create - create database, table, view of table , or other
object in database
•Syntax -
CREATE DATABASE database_name;
CREATE TABLE table_name(column_name1 datatype,
column_name2 datatype,…..) PRIMARY KEY(column_name(s));

6. DDL Statements
•Drop - drop an existing database in SQL schema, drop a
table definition and all data…
•Syntax
DROP DATABASE database_name;
DROP TABLE table_name;
•Example:
•DROP TABLE tbl_students;

7. DDL Statements
•Alter - modifies an existing database object like table…
•Syntax -
•ALTER TABLE table_name
–ADD column_name datatype
–DROP COLUMN column_name
–MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype

8. DDL Statements
•Truncate – delete complete data from an existing table
•Syntax
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

9. DML Statements
•Insert – creates a record
•Syntax -
INSERT INTO table_name(column_name1,column_name2….)
values(value1,value2….);
INSERT INTO table_name values(value1,value2….);

10. DML Statements
•Update – modify the existing records in a table
•Syntax
UPDATE TABLE table_name SET
column_name1=value1,….column_namen=valuen WHERE
[condition];
•Example:
UPDATE TABLE tbl_studetns SET student_place=‘Calicut’ WHERE
student_id=1;

11. DML Statements
•Delete – delete the existing records from a table
•Syntax
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE [condition];
•Example:
DELETE FROM tbl_students WHERE student_id=1;

12. DCL Statements
•Grant – gives a privilege to user
•Syntax -
GRANT privilege_name ON object_name
TO {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name} [WITH GRANT OPTION];
•Revoke- takes back proivilages granted from user
•syntax -
REVOKE privilege_name ON object_name FROM {user_name
|PUBLIC |role_name}

13. DQL – SELECT Statement
•Fetch the data from a database table which returns data in
the form of result table
•Syntax -
-select columns
SELECT column_name1, column_name2,…column_nameN
FROM table_name ;
-select all data from table
SELECT * FROM table_name;

14. DQL – SELECT Statement
•SELECT column_name1, column_name2,…column_nameN
FROM table_name WHERE [condition];
•Example:
•SELECT * FROM tbl_students;
•SELECT student_id,student_name FROM tbl_students;
•SELECT student_name FROM tbl_students WHERE student_id=1;

15. SQL Joins
•Combines two or more table , based on a common field
between them
•Different SQL Joins
–INNER JOIN
–LEFT JOIN
–RIGHT JOIN
–FULL JOIN

16. SQL Joins
•INNER JOIN - Returns all rows when there is at least one
match in BOTH tables
•Syntax -
SELECT column-name(s) FROM table_name1 INNER JOIN
table_name2 on table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

17. SQL Joins
•LEFT JOIN - Return all rows from the left table, and the
matched rows from the right table
•Syntax -
SELECT column-name(s) FROM table_name1 LEFT JOIN
table_name2 on table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 LEFT OUTER
JOIN table_name2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

18. SQL Joins
•RIGHT JOIN - Return all rows from the right table, and the
matched rows from the left table
•Syntax -
SELECT column-name(s) FROM table_name1 RIGHT JOIN
table_name2 on table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 RIGHT OUTER
JOIN table_name2 ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

19. SQL Joins
•FULL JOIN - Return all rows when there is a match in ONE
of the tables
•Syntax -
SELECT column-name(s) FROM table_name1 FULL OUTER JOIN
table_name2 on table1.column_name=table2.column_name;