i. Being able to communicate effectively is perhaps the most important of all life skills. It is what enables us to pass information to other people, and to understand what is said to us. You only have to watch a baby listening intently to its mother and trying to repeat the sounds that she makes to understand how fundamental is the urge to communicate.
ii. Communication, at its simplest, is the act of transferring information from one place to another. It may be vocally (using voice), written (using printed or digital media such as books, magazines, websites or emails), visually (using logos, maps, charts or graphs) or non-verbally (using body language, gestures and the tone and pitch of voice). In practice, it is often a combination of several of these.
iii. Communication skills may take a lifetime to master—if indeed anyone can ever claim to have mastered them. There are, however, many things that you can do fairly easily to improve your communication skills and ensure that you are able to transmit and receive information effectively.
i. Being able to communicate effectively is perhaps the most important of all life skills. It is what enables us to pass information to other people, and to understand what is said to us. You only have to watch a baby listening intently to its mother and trying to repeat the sounds that she makes to understand how fundamental is the urge to communicate.
ii. Communication, at its simplest, is the act of transferring information from one place to another. It may be vocally (using voice), written (using printed or digital media such as books, magazines, websites or emails), visually (using logos, maps, charts or graphs) or non-verbally (using body language, gestures and the tone and pitch of voice). In practice, it is often a combination of several of these.
iii. Communication skills may take a lifetime to master—if indeed anyone can ever claim to have mastered them. There are, however, many things that you can do fairly easily to improve your communication skills and ensure that you are able to transmit and receive information effectively.
New Explore Careers and College Majors 2024.pdfDr. Mary Askew
Explore Careers and College Majors is a new online, interactive, self-guided career, major and college planning system.
The career system works on all devices!
For more Information, go to https://bit.ly/3SW5w8W
New Explore Careers and College Majors 2024.pdfDr. Mary Askew
Explore Careers and College Majors is a new online, interactive, self-guided career, major and college planning system.
The career system works on all devices!
For more Information, go to https://bit.ly/3SW5w8W
This comprehensive program covers essential aspects of performance marketing, growth strategies, and tactics, such as search engine optimization (SEO), pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, content marketing, social media marketing, and more
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Modern Society.pdfssuser3e63fc
Just a game Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?
Want to move your career forward? Looking to build your leadership skills while helping others learn, grow, and improve their skills? Seeking someone who can guide you in achieving these goals?
You can accomplish this through a mentoring partnership. Learn more about the PMISSC Mentoring Program, where you’ll discover the incredible benefits of becoming a mentor or mentee. This program is designed to foster professional growth, enhance skills, and build a strong network within the project management community. Whether you're looking to share your expertise or seeking guidance to advance your career, the PMI Mentoring Program offers valuable opportunities for personal and professional development.
Watch this to learn:
* Overview of the PMISSC Mentoring Program: Mission, vision, and objectives.
* Benefits for Volunteer Mentors: Professional development, networking, personal satisfaction, and recognition.
* Advantages for Mentees: Career advancement, skill development, networking, and confidence building.
* Program Structure and Expectations: Mentor-mentee matching process, program phases, and time commitment.
* Success Stories and Testimonials: Inspiring examples from past participants.
* How to Get Involved: Steps to participate and resources available for support throughout the program.
Learn how you can make a difference in the project management community and take the next step in your professional journey.
About Hector Del Castillo
Hector is VP of Professional Development at the PMI Silver Spring Chapter, and CEO of Bold PM. He's a mid-market growth product executive and changemaker. He works with mid-market product-driven software executives to solve their biggest growth problems. He scales product growth, optimizes ops and builds loyal customers. He has reduced customer churn 33%, and boosted sales 47% for clients. He makes a significant impact by building and launching world-changing AI-powered products. If you're looking for an engaging and inspiring speaker to spark creativity and innovation within your organization, set up an appointment to discuss your specific needs and identify a suitable topic to inspire your audience at your next corporate conference, symposium, executive summit, or planning retreat.
About PMI Silver Spring Chapter
We are a branch of the Project Management Institute. We offer a platform for project management professionals in Silver Spring, MD, and the DC/Baltimore metro area. Monthly meetings facilitate networking, knowledge sharing, and professional development. For event details, visit pmissc.org.
2. WHY STUDY THE RELATIONAL MODEL?
Most widely used model.
Vendors: IBM, Informix, Microsoft, Oracle,
Sybase, etc.
“Legacy systems” in older models
E.G., IBM’s IMS (hierarchical model)
Recent competitor: object-oriented model
ObjectStore, Versant, Ontos, O2
A synthesis emerging: object-relational model
Informix UDS, UniSQL, Oracle, DB2
3. RELATIONAL DATABASE: DEFINITIONS
Relational database: a set of relations
Relation: made up of 2 parts:
Schema : specifies name of relation, plus name and
type of each column.
e.g. Students(sid: string, name: string, login: string,
age: integer, gpa: real)
Instance : a table, with rows and columns.
#Rows = cardinality, #fields = degree / arity.
Can think of a relation as a set of rows or tuples
(i.e., all rows are distinct).
Columns (attributes) are single-valued
4. EXAMPLE INSTANCE OF STUDENTS
RELATION
sid name login age gpa
53666 Jones jones@cs 18 3.4
53688 Smith smith@eecs 18 3.2
53650 Smith smith@math 19 3.8
Cardinality = 3, degree = 5, all rows distinct
5. CREATING RELATIONS IN SQL
Creates the Students
relation. Observe that the
type (domain) of each field
is specified, and enforced by
the DBMS whenever tuples
are added or modified.
As another example, the
Enrolled table holds
information about courses
that students take.
CREATE TABLE Students
(sid CHAR(20),
name CHAR(20),
login CHAR(10),
age INTEGER,
gpa REAL)
CREATE TABLE Enrolled
(sid CHAR(20),
cid CHAR(20),
grade CHAR(2))
6. INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS (ICS)
IC: condition that must be true for any instance of
the database; e.g., domain constraints.
ICs are specified when schema is defined.
ICs are checked when relations are modified.
A legal instance of a relation is one that satisfies
all specified ICs.
DBMS should allow only legal instances.
If the DBMS checks ICs, stored data is more
faithful to real-world meaning.
Avoids many data entry errors, too!
7. PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINTS
Suppose sids are unique and logins are unique
A set of fields is a superkey for a relation if:
No two distinct tuples have the same values in all fields of
the superkey
Examples:
A superkey is a (candidate) key if :
No proper subset of it is a superkey
Examples:
If there’s >1 candidate key for a relation, one of them
is chosen (by DBA) to be the primary key.
Example:
8. PRIMARY AND CANDIDATE KEYS IN SQL
Possibly many candidate keys (specified
using UNIQUE), one of which is chosen as the
primary key. CREATE TABLE Enrolled
(sid CHAR(20)
cid CHAR(20),
grade CHAR(2),
PRIMARY KEY (sid,cid) )
“For a given student and course,
there is a single grade.”
“No two students have the same
sid and no two students have the
same login. Furthermore, any
other table wishing to reference a
student should reference the sid
field if possible.”
CREATE TABLE Students
(sid CHAR(20)
login CHAR(10),
gpa REAL, …,
PRIMARY KEY (sid),
UNIQUE (login) )
9. FOREIGN KEYS, REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
Foreign key : Set of fields in one relation that is
used to `refer’ to a tuple in another (or the
same) relation. (Must correspond to primary
key of the second relation.) Like a `logical
pointer’.
E.g. sid is a foreign key referring to Students:
Enrolled(sid: string, cid: string, grade: string)
If all foreign key constraints are enforced,
referential integrity is achieved, i.e., no dangling
references.
Can you name a data model w/o referential
integrity?
10. FOREIGN KEYS IN SQL
Only students listed in the Students relation
should be allowed to enroll for courses.
CREATE TABLE Enrolled
(sid CHAR(20), cid CHAR(20), grade CHAR(2),
PRIMARY KEY (sid,cid),
FOREIGN KEY (sid) REFERENCES Students (sid))
sid name login age gpa
53666 Jones jones@cs 18 3.4
53688 Smith smith@eecs 18 3.2
53650 Smith smith@math 19 3.8
sid cid grade
53666 Carnatic101 C
53666 Reggae203 B
53650 Topology112 A
53666 History105 B
Enrolled
Students
11. ENFORCING REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
Consider Students and Enrolled; sid in Enrolled is
a foreign key that references Students.
What should be done if an Enrolled tuple with a
non-existent student id is inserted? (Reject it!)
What should be done if a Students tuple is
deleted?
Also delete all Enrolled tuples that refer to it.
Disallow deletion of a Students tuple that is referred to.
Set sid in Enrolled tuples that refer to it to a default sid.
(In SQL, also: Set sid in Enrolled tuples that refer to it
to a special placeholder null, meaning `unknown’ or
`inapplicable’)
DBA chooses one of these 4 options for every FK
Similar if primary key of Students tuple is updated.
12. REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY IN SQL/92
SQL/92 supports all 4
options on deletes and
updates.
Default is NO ACTION
(delete/update is
rejected)
CASCADE (also delete
all tuples that refer to
deleted tuple)
SET NULL / SET DEFAULT
(sets foreign key
value of referencing
CREATE TABLE Enrolled
(sid CHAR(20),
cid CHAR(20),
grade CHAR(2),
PRIMARY KEY (sid,cid),
FOREIGN KEY (sid)
REFERENCES Students
ON DELETE CASCADE
ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT )