Event sampling
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Event sampling involves conducting short observations of a child's behavior to identify patterns and develop strategies to effectively manage behavior. It provides insights into the causes and effects of behaviors but requires time and skills. Event sampling is used to explore the causes of repeated inappropriate behaviors and identify issues when a group seems inappropriate. A form can be developed to document the targeted behavior, antecedents, consequences, interpretation, encouraged behaviors, and intervention strategies.
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Here are the answers to the plenary questions:
1. Describe three benefits of child-initiated play.
- It allows children to follow their own interests and creativity.
- Children learn problem-solving skills as they figure things out for themselves.
- Child-initiated play supports children's independence and self-directed learning.
2. Give two reasons for planning adult-led play.
- To teach specific skills or concepts outlined in the curriculum.
- To introduce new activities, ideas or experiences that children may not discover on their own.
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- Associative play is when children play alongside each other, sometimes imitating what the other children
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The key worker discussed this with Thomas' parents who said he also enjoyed building with blocks at home. They agreed to the new resources and that the key worker would observe Thomas using them to see how his skills progressed.
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Group 1 -topic learning theory and research
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Effective learning environments
An effective learning environment involves strategies for maintaining appropriate classroom behavior and responding to misbehavior. Such strategies include preventing late starts and interruptions, handling routines smoothly, minimizing time spent on discipline, and using engaged time effectively. Practices like establishing clear rules and procedures at the start of the year and applying them promptly and fairly also contribute to effective classroom management. For routine misbehavior, the principle of least intervention - using the simplest methods first like nonverbal cues or praise of good behavior - is most effective. For serious problems, consequences must be applied swiftly and consistently, which may include contacting parents.
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This document discusses various aspects of communication skills that are important for career success. It covers different types of communication including formal and informal, oral and written, internal and external, and verbal and non-verbal communication. It also discusses barriers to effective listening, tips for active listening, the importance of nonverbal communication, and considerations for communicating with multicultural audiences. Effective communication skills are essential for job placement, performance, advancement, and success in today's workplace.
Projected materials
Projected materials like overhead projectors, document cameras, and slides allow educators to convey information to large audiences. They require three things: the material being projected, a projector, and a screen. Document cameras can magnify and project both 2D and 3D objects. When creating PowerPoint presentations, teachers should use contrasting colors for text and backgrounds, with a standard font size of 32 and about 9 lines per slide. Digital images are made up of pixels representing brightness levels, while projected materials allow sharing information visually with groups.
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This document discusses printed materials and their use. It defines printed materials as publications, documents, records including newspapers, magazines, books, photographs, and audio recordings. It lists examples of common printed materials like flyers, calendars, signs, menus and phone books. The document outlines advantages such as portability, comfort level, and low cost, and limitations such as a lack of expressiveness compared to speech. It also discusses using printed electronics and the advantages and disadvantages of using publications for outreach campaigns.
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This document discusses different types of educational tools, including manipulatives, real objects, and models. Manipulatives are physical objects used to teach mathematics concepts hands-on. Real objects are things with educational value that students can directly observe. The document also describes a mock preschool that allows children to practice social and behavioral skills needed for attending preschool in the community. Finally, it defines a curriculum model as a framework that guides decision making and implementation of educational priorities, policies, instruction, and evaluation.
Exhibits
Field trips take students away from their normal learning environment to observe and experience educational activities outside of school, such as camping with teachers and classmates. Displays prominently exhibit information where it can be easily seen, such as using an output device to present information. Dioramas are three-dimensional models sometimes enclosed in a glass case for museums, and are also built by hobbyists as part of modeling activities including military vehicles, figures, and aircraft.
Purposes of observation
Observation of children is key to understanding their development as it allows teachers to see how children move, think, and feel. By observing children's abilities and interests, teachers can create individualized educational plans and curriculums. Recent research also shows the importance of teachers participating in observation to monitor children's progress and to self-evaluate their own teaching performance.
BEED III-E 2014-2015
This document discusses the importance of protecting children's privacy during observations. It states that children's identities should be kept confidential when reporting to parents, administrators, and other school staff. Written materials should omit names and identifying details unless necessary. Students and teachers are advised to be careful discussing children outside of school to avoid breaching confidentiality. The document also notes that later observations may require parental permission or institutional approval.
As10
Teachers observe children to identify their interests and developmental levels in order to plan individualized curricula. Observation also allows teachers to chart each child's progress over time, evaluate their own teaching practices, and identify classroom management issues. Written observations can then be shared with parents, administrators, and study teams to provide a well-rounded understanding of each child's development.
Anecdotal records
Anecdotal records are brief accounts of important developmental events or behaviors that provide a comprehensive picture of a child's progress. They involve writing short stories about what a child does and says in different contexts to reveal their skills. Anecdotes should include details like setting, participants, and a sequence of events. While quick to conduct, anecdotes may also be subject to bias. Sociometric techniques allow teachers to understand peer dynamics by observing who plays together and assess social skills through child interviews. This information helps teachers support children struggling with social skills.
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The document discusses different types of rights, including legal rights, human rights, moral rights, and natural rights. Legal rights are recognized and protected by law, while human rights belong inherently to all human beings. Moral rights refer to things people should have a right to but may not be legally recognized. Natural rights are considered to predate legal rights and derive from human dignity. While human rights treaties state that all people have basic rights, some rights only apply to certain groups, such as rights in detention or accused of a crime. Rights also depend on circumstances, so their meaning can vary for adults versus children.
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This document discusses parents' rights and duties to provide guidance to their children regarding the children's rights found in the Convention. It states that the guidance must change according to the evolving capacities of the child. National laws in the Philippines also recognize parents' natural rights and duties to rear and educate their children. The Constitution and Family Code outline specific duties such as keeping children, supporting them, educating them, providing love and moral/spiritual guidance, and disciplining them appropriately.
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This document discusses the implementation of children's rights under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It states that governments must undertake legislative, administrative, and other measures to the maximum extent of their available resources to realize children's economic, social and cultural rights. This includes adopting laws and policies to protect children's rights in areas like health, education, and social services. It also notes that financial resources are especially important for protecting some rights, and governments may need to seek international cooperation if their domestic resources are insufficient.
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- This document aims to clarify issues around language in education in the Philippines by addressing 21 frequently asked questions about MLE. MLE uses multiple languages for literacy and instruction, starting in the learner's first language and gradually introducing additional languages.
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Median
The median is the middle value in a data set arranged in numerical order. It represents the center of the data and is less affected by outliers than the mean. To calculate the median, the data is lined up from highest to lowest and the middle value is identified. For an even number of values, the median is the average of the two middle values. The document provides an example of how outliers can significantly impact the mean but not the median of a classroom test score data set.
Kurtosis
This document defines and provides formulas for kurtosis, a statistical measure of the peakedness of a distribution curve. Kurtosis values indicate whether a curve is normal/mesokurtic (Ku=0.263), flat/platykurtic (Ku>0.263), or thin/leptokurtic (Ku<0.263). It also includes an example frequency distribution of examination marks in statistics.
Fractiles
Fractiles are statistical measures used to divide a distribution into equal parts. Common fractiles include quartiles, which divide data into 4 equal parts, deciles which divide into 10 parts, and percentiles which divide into 100 parts. Quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3) indicate the points where 25%, 50%, and 75% of values lie. Deciles and percentiles are calculated similarly based on dividing the data set into 10 or 100 equal parts. Formulas are provided to calculate fractiles from both ungrouped and grouped frequency distribution data.
Cultural differences in infant and toddler programs
Cultural differences between parents and caregivers in infant and toddler programs must be considered. What is viewed as quality care can differ based on cultural background. While there is some agreement on health, safety, and child development standards, theoretical views of childrearing may be biased. Ensuring coordination between home and program is important for quality care across different cultures.
Article 27
The document discusses Article 27 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which establishes that every child has the right to a standard of living adequate for their physical, mental, spiritual, moral, and social development. It states that standard of living refers to family living conditions rather than income alone. Governments should ensure even poor families have access to basic necessities. The article also examines factors related to children's physical, mental, social, moral and spiritual development.
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This document defines and provides examples of different types of charts, graphs, diagrams, and visual representations of data that can be used for organization, comparison, processes, and more. It discusses charts like comparison charts, organizational charts, and flow charts. It also outlines different types of graphs such as bar graphs, pie graphs, and fishbone diagrams. Furthermore, it mentions diagrams, graphic organizers, tree diagrams, and affinity diagrams as well as defines specimens, samples, and real objects.
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Event sampling
- 2. Event Sampling Is usually a series of short observations to confirm a child’s behavior pattern in order to provide suitable strategies to manage the child’s behavior effectively. It is like keeping a clearly focused diary of the child’s behavior.
- 3. Advantages 1. This method can uncover causes and effects of behavior 2. Results of observation can be used to plan appropriate interventions at individual child’s developmental level
- 4. Disadvantages 1. Results cannot be generalized to another child or group of children. 2. Event sampling requires time and skill to code behaviors and record incidents 3. It is not always easy to establish the causes of behaviors.
- 5. When to Use 1. Event sampling can be used to explore causes and effects of behaviors. 2. Event sampling can be used when a child behaves in ways that are typical for him or her or when a child shows repeated inappropriate behavior. 3. When the schedule seems inappropriate for a group of children event sampling may help identify the problem.
- 6. A form could be developed that might include the following components: 1. Targeted behavior 2. Causes of misbehavior a. Antecedent events b. Consequences of behavior c. Interpretation information from observations 3. Behaviors to be encouraged 4. Strategies to be used in intervening 5. Follow-up – later observations to see if the problem is solved.
- 8. Time Sampling A quick way to study the behavior of one or two children is through the use of the “time-sampling” method (Hills,1992). A student or a teacher who can sit on the sidelines and follow particular child or children can learn much about what each child does, with whom he or she interacts and what interest the child.
- 9. In the time-sampling method behavior is recorded at regular, preset interval. Ten minutes is probably too long an interval; two minutes may be too short. Three to five minutes is more workable. That gives the observer a minute to observe and two to three minutes to record.
- 10. Advantages 1. Teachers can observe behaviors in a natural setting 2. They can serve as basis for furthur assessment or to validate other assessment measures. 3. They can be fairly objective 4. Teachers can use them to observe interaction between children
- 11. 5. They can be used with more than one child at a time. 6. Teachers can document small changes in behavior 7. They can be used to develop learning experiences for particular children.
- 12. Disadvantages 1. Time Sampling takes time and training to do 2. When engaged in time sampling, the students and teachers cannot interact with children 3. Observers may miss some important information when recording their observations since behaviors are not seen in context. 4. Observers can overestimate the frequency of occurence of certain
- 13. Time sampling should be used when teachers are concerned about the behavior of a particular child or small group of children.