This presentation provides a general overview about syllabus design. The presenation highlights the definiton of syllabus, types of syllabi, components of syllabus and the scope of syllabus design. It also sheds the light on the relationship between syllabus design and curriculum development. By the end of this presentation, students will gain general understanding or syllabus design.
This presentation is an introduction to some classic definitions and concepts in second language Acquisition. It is part of the seminar on applied linguistics offered at Universidad del Valle.
used for reporting in Introduction to Stylistics
includes the types of style (expository/argumentative, descriptive, narrative, persuasive) basic principles in stylistic analysis, teaching of language and literature: a case for stylistics, and stylistics and levels of language
Discourse and Genre (the relationship between discourse and genre) Aticka Dewi
We provide some questions to make the discussion clearer
1. What is discourse?
Discourse is the use of language in text and context
2. What is genre?
Genre in linguistics refers to the type and structure of language typically used for a particular purpose in a particular context.
3. What is relationship between discourse and genre?
Discourse analysis is genre analysis. When we analyze discourses, of course we will specify them into more specific types from the characteristics of each discourse. For exampleThe specific type of discourses is called as genre.
4. Why should we use genre to analyze discourse?
Discourse is language in use. It is huge and almost unlimited. So, when we want to analyze discourses, we need a limitation to limit the unlimited things. Here, we use an analogy for this statement. (slide 11,12)
Genre provides limit in discourse.
That is why genre is used to help us divining and analyzing the discourses.
5. How do we analyze discourse through genre?
Example: text “Forklift fatty Improving”.
----------
The text is taken from the newspaper report. As we see in the language features and structures, we can divine it into recount text. It is non fiction, because it is based on real event. And it is written. So, we can say that this discourse has written non-fiction recount genre.
But, we cannot make sure that a type of discourse always has the same characteristics, because discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous. Discourse is sometimes heterogeneous. Here, we provide two videos which have the same genre, but quite different in terms of language features and structures.
---------VIDEO
From the videos, we can feel that the first and the second videos are quite different. The structure in the first video is introduction (addressing, personal value), content (some important issues, e.g: financial issues, goals of America, ), closing (hope for American future, blessing). The language features used in the first video is more formal, present tense. The atmosphere created is formal.
From the second video, the structure is introduction (personal value without addressing), content (some goals), closing (. The language features used in the video is mixing, unclear and needs more understanding. The atmosphere created is a bit humorous.
Although they have different characteristics, they have the same genre in term of purpose, that is political genre.
From those videos, we can conclude that we cannot stick to an idea that a genre of discourse always has the same characteristics. AGAIN, discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous.
English for specific purposes (ESP) has for about 30 years been a separate branch of English language teaching. English has became the internationally accepted language of almost all the fields of knowledge.
This presentation provides a general overview about syllabus design. The presenation highlights the definiton of syllabus, types of syllabi, components of syllabus and the scope of syllabus design. It also sheds the light on the relationship between syllabus design and curriculum development. By the end of this presentation, students will gain general understanding or syllabus design.
This presentation is an introduction to some classic definitions and concepts in second language Acquisition. It is part of the seminar on applied linguistics offered at Universidad del Valle.
used for reporting in Introduction to Stylistics
includes the types of style (expository/argumentative, descriptive, narrative, persuasive) basic principles in stylistic analysis, teaching of language and literature: a case for stylistics, and stylistics and levels of language
Discourse and Genre (the relationship between discourse and genre) Aticka Dewi
We provide some questions to make the discussion clearer
1. What is discourse?
Discourse is the use of language in text and context
2. What is genre?
Genre in linguistics refers to the type and structure of language typically used for a particular purpose in a particular context.
3. What is relationship between discourse and genre?
Discourse analysis is genre analysis. When we analyze discourses, of course we will specify them into more specific types from the characteristics of each discourse. For exampleThe specific type of discourses is called as genre.
4. Why should we use genre to analyze discourse?
Discourse is language in use. It is huge and almost unlimited. So, when we want to analyze discourses, we need a limitation to limit the unlimited things. Here, we use an analogy for this statement. (slide 11,12)
Genre provides limit in discourse.
That is why genre is used to help us divining and analyzing the discourses.
5. How do we analyze discourse through genre?
Example: text “Forklift fatty Improving”.
----------
The text is taken from the newspaper report. As we see in the language features and structures, we can divine it into recount text. It is non fiction, because it is based on real event. And it is written. So, we can say that this discourse has written non-fiction recount genre.
But, we cannot make sure that a type of discourse always has the same characteristics, because discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous. Discourse is sometimes heterogeneous. Here, we provide two videos which have the same genre, but quite different in terms of language features and structures.
---------VIDEO
From the videos, we can feel that the first and the second videos are quite different. The structure in the first video is introduction (addressing, personal value), content (some important issues, e.g: financial issues, goals of America, ), closing (hope for American future, blessing). The language features used in the first video is more formal, present tense. The atmosphere created is formal.
From the second video, the structure is introduction (personal value without addressing), content (some goals), closing (. The language features used in the video is mixing, unclear and needs more understanding. The atmosphere created is a bit humorous.
Although they have different characteristics, they have the same genre in term of purpose, that is political genre.
From those videos, we can conclude that we cannot stick to an idea that a genre of discourse always has the same characteristics. AGAIN, discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous.
English for specific purposes (ESP) has for about 30 years been a separate branch of English language teaching. English has became the internationally accepted language of almost all the fields of knowledge.
"This file provides a concise overview of fundamental assessment concepts. It covers key topics such as assessment types, validity, reliability, and the importance of clear assessment objectives. Whether you're new to assessment or seeking a quick refresher, this document offers valuable insights to enhance your understanding."
From the CALPER/LARC Testing and Assessment Webinar Series
Download the handouts and ppt: https://larc.sdsu.edu/archived-events/
View the recording: http://vimeo.com/61062729
Presentation Abstract:
How many of us have studied a language and then found ourselves unable to perform even the most basic daily tasks in the language? Integrating performance assessment into world language curricula is one way to minimize the likelihood of such an outcome. This webinar explores the purposes and uses for performance assessment in world language classrooms. Many language instructors and learners want to know the extent to which an assessment can capture how well a student will be able to complete real-life tasks when using the target language (Bachman & Palmer, 1996; Stoynoff & Chapelle, 2005). The webinar will begin with a description of performance assessment, how it aligns with learning and teaching purposes, and its uses for the classroom. Next, we will explore how to integrate performance assessment into language classrooms, including developing tasks and rubrics that will support such activities (Norris et al, 2008). During this part, we will examine one or more typical performance assessment tasks, and we will discuss how to adapt them to your needs. Finally, we will discuss the logistics of performance assessment and brainstorm ways to integrate meaningful performance assessment within the constraints of available resources.
Webinar Date: May 5, 2011
ACT 1. MERINO CARLA- ASSESMENT AND EVALUATION. NRC 18235.pptxcgmerino
This individual work was made with creativity and respnsability for demostrate knowledge about the topic the standarized test , that is important to known.
THANKS,
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. TIMELINE
Evaluation
Why Evaluation in ESP?
ESP is accountable teaching?
Levels of Evaluation?
Levels of Evaluation? Learner Assessment
Levels of Evaluation? Course Evaluation
Summary
3. Pauline Robinson, in his books, defines evaluation as
the discovery of the value for some purposes.
Other clearer definition is proposed by Alderson and
Murphy who write that evaluation is concerned with
describing what is there and placing some value on
what is found.
Evaluation
4. ESP has developed in response to certain pressures.
Developments in the theoretical bases of language teaching
indicated a need to pay more attention to the individual learner.
The world of commerce and technology were producing host of
people with specific language learning needs at that time.
A demand was generated as a result for courses which would
equip particular learners with necessary skills to carry out
particular tasks in English.
Why Evaluation in ESP?
5. Like any other language teaching course, ESP has
requirements which are brought sharply into focus by the fact
that ESP has specified objectives.
ESP learners and sponsors are investors in ESP course and
they want to see a return on their investment of time or money.
The managers of the ESP course are accountable to these
investors.
This accountability has produced a demand for more and better
evaluation procedures.
ESP is accountable teaching?
These arguments refer to further two levels of Evaluation
6. A. Learner Assessment
B. Course Evaluation
Levels of Evaluation
7. In any language course, there is a need to assess students’
performance at any strategic point. i.e. at start or at end.
Learner Assessment has great importance in ESP because it
deals with the ability to perform particular communicative tasks.
The result of this kind of evaluation enable sponsors, learners
and teachers to decide wheter and how much tuition is
required.
But there is a general lack of discussion or guidance on ESP
testing?
Levels of Evaluation
A..Learner Assessment Characteristicsc
8. The lack does not imply that there are no tests available in ESP.
David and West (1984) list 14 examinations in Specific Purpose
English offered by British instituitions:
The London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the
Associated Examinations Board (AEB) and Pitman
Examinations Institute offer examinations in Secretarial and
Commercial English.
Cambridge offers English for Business and English for Science
The City and Guilds of London Institute offers examinations in
Technical English.
AEB also offers an examination in English for Academic
Purposes.
The English Language Teaching Development Unit offers a
Scales of Attainment and Test Battery for Occupational
English.
Levels of Evaluation
A..Learner Assessment Are there Lacks??
•There is no shortage of available examinations in
ESP.
•What is lacking is any sound theoretical and
empirical basis for ESP testing
9. A. Placement Tests
B. Achievements Tests
C. Proficiency Tests
Levels of Evaluation
A..Learner Assessment Types of Assessment
10. The aim of Placement Tests is to determine the learners’ state
of knowledge before the ESP begins.
These are used to place the learners in the ESP course most
suited to their needs.
If a learner is already proficient in the skills required, no further
tuition is required.
The placement test is diagnostic indicating how far and in what
ways the learner falls short of the proficiency level.
A good placement test should reveal positive factors. It should
show not just what the learner lacks but also what potential for
learning can be exploited in ESP course.
Levels of Evaluation
A..Learner Assessment Types of Assessment Placement Test
11. This kind of test is least problematic, since it is usually internal
to the course.
It does not have to conform to external influences, but should
rather reflect the nature and content of the course itself.
Principles to conduct achievement test:
Test what you can reasonably assume the learners have
learnt.
Test what actually to be tested.
Avoid bias in the test.
Levels of Evaluation
A..Learner Assessment Types of Assessment Achievement Tests
12. Proficient test are designed to assess wheteher candidattes will
be able to perform the language tasks required of them.
The candidates’ ability is assessed according to how far it
matches certain criteria judged to be essential for proficiency in
a particular task.
There is no pass/fail distinction but rather a scale of degree of
proficiency in the task. (as British Council uses bands for ELTS)
These tests are criterion-referened.
Levels of Evaluation
A..Learner Assessment Types of Assessment Proficiency Tests
13. Evaluating ESP course helps to establish whether it is meeting
its aims or not.
Course evaluation also plays a useful social role, by showing
the various parties involved (teachers, learners, sponsors etc.)
that their views are important.
There are four aspects of ESP course evaluation to be
considered:
What should be evaluated?
How can ESP courses be evaluated?
Who should be involved in the evaluataion?
When (and how often) should evaluation take place?
Levels of Evaluation
B..Course Evaluation Characteristicsc
14. Shortly, everything of significance should be evaluated.
Your ability to collect information.
Your ability to use information once it has been collected.
ESP course, in learning centered approach, is to meet two
main needs: their needs as language learner and their needs
as language user. So what should be evaluated is “is the
course fulfilling the learners’ language learning and using
needs?”
Levels of Evaluation
B..Course Evaluation Aspects
What should be evaluated?
15. There are many ways in which ESP course can be evaluated
ranging from stimulations to suggestion boxes. However, in
practice, most ESP courses are evaluated using one or more of
the following techniques:
Test results
Questionnaires
Discussions
Interviews
Informal means (e.g. unsolicited comments, ‘casual’ chats
etc)
Levels of Evaluation
B..Course Evaluation Aspects
How can ESP courses be evaluated?
16. The extent of involvement of any group will vary, but it is likely
that the bodies most closely concerned will be the ESP teaching
instituition, the ESP teachers, the learners and the course
sponsors.
Former students can also provide useful information.
It is important to get a representative cross-section of views and
to take them properly into account.
With learners, it can be difficult to get feedback which is an
expression of their real views. They may be reluctant to criticize
authority.
Orientation exercises can be used to get learners’ accustomed to
expressing their views honestly and candidly, although it must be
said that an open and trusting relationship between the teacher
and the students is the best basis for promoting frank and useful
feedback.
Levels of Evaluation
B..Course Evaluation Aspects
Who should be involved in the evaluation?
17. There is an undoubted danger in doing course evaluation too
frequently.
The dangers in not doing course evaluation often enough are
equal, or greater.
If there is no proper channel or forum for these views, there is a
risk of misuderstanding or at worst hostility.
It is difficult to prescribe how ofen course evaluation should be
done.
All sensitive and responsive teaching will include this as a
continuing feature anyway.
Levels of Evaluation
B..Course Evaluation Aspects
When and how often should evaluation take place?
18. The most important times occur:
In the first week of the course. The tone established here
will probably have a greatter overall effect on the success of
the course that what occurs later.
At regular intervals throughout the course.
At the end of the course.
After the course (if possible). This is potentially the most
valuablem since the learners will be in a position to judge
how well the course prepared them for the target situation
they are now in.
Levels of Evaluation
B..Course Evaluation Aspects
When and how often should evaluation take place?