During the 19th century, European imperialism expanded significantly as major powers sought to control weaker nations in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere for economic and political gain. Motivations included acquiring raw materials, spreading social ideologies like Social Darwinism and Christianity, and enhancing national prestige. Countries like Britain, France, Portugal, the Netherlands and others established colonies, protectorates and spheres of influence through more advanced military technology and imposed direct or indirect rule over local populations. This period led to extensive European control over much of Asia and Africa.

1. European Imperialism in the 19th
Century

2.  Imperialism: The economic and political
control of a weaker nation by a stronger
nation.

3.  Africa, South East Asia, Eurasia

4. 1. Money, specifically raw materials
2. Racism – Social Darwinism and Eugenics
3. Nationalism
4. Spreading Christianity

5.  Better weapons
 More money
 More stable politically

6.  European countries got together to

8. Take up the White Man's burden--
Send forth the best ye breed--
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild--
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.

9. Form Definition Example
Colony A country or territory
governed internally by a
foreign power
Somaliland in East
Africa was a French
colony.
Protectorate A country or territory
with it’s own internal
government but under
the control of an
outside power
Britain established a
protectorate over the
Niger River delta.
Sphere of Influence An area in which an
outside power claims
exclusive investment or
trading privileges
Liberia was under the
sphere of influence of
the United States
Economic Imperialism An independent but
less-developed counter
controlled by private
business interests
rather than
governments
The Dole Fruit company
controlled pineapple
trade in Hawaii

10. Indirect Control Direct Control
• Local government officials used
• Limited self-rule
• Goal: to develop future leaders
• Government institutions are
based on European styles but
may have local rules
• EXAMPLE: U.S. colonies on
Pacific Islands
• Foreign officials brought into
rule (paternalism)
• No self-rule
• Goal: Assimilation
• Government institutions are
based only on European styles.
• EXAMPLE: Portuguese colonies,
such as Angola

11.  Geopolitics: An interest in or taking land for
its strategic location or products.

12.  The class will be divided into groups of four or
five students (depending on the size of the
class). You must work together as a team to
achieve your goal.
 Your mission: WORLD DOMINATION!WORLD DOMINATION!

13. Australia New Zealand

17. Indonesia
 The Dutch East India Company actively
sought land in Southeast Asia for oil, tin, and
rubber.
 Eventually they took over all of Indonesia
and renamed it the Dutch East Indies.
 They created a strict social structure, with
the Dutch on top of the social ladder,
wealthy and educated Indonesians next, and
plantation workers at the bottom.

18. Singapore
 Britain takes over the Malay Peninsula and
modern day Singapore
 The trade of rubber, tin, and oil made
Singapore one of the world’s busiest ports
 Britain gained colonies in Malaysia and Burma
(modern day Myanmar), rich in tin and
rubber.
 The British persuaded Chinese settlers to
migrate to Malaysia to work the mines and
rubber trees, soon making the Malays a
minority in their own country.

19. Siam - Thailand
 Siam was able to keep its
independence throughout the
colonial period
 They acted as a neutral zone
between their two neighbors –
French Indochina and British-
controlled Burma.
 They reformed their education,
legal, and transportation systems
and escaped much of the turmoil
of the colonies surrounding them.

21. The Philippines
 America gains the Philippines, Guam, and
Puerto Rico as a result of the Spanish-
American War.
 Most Americans were wary of imperialism,
but were swayed by the prospect of
Christianizing the new territories.
 The Filipinos fought for their independence,
and although they lost, the US prepared
them for self-rule.

22. Welcome to
Hawai’i

23. Old Hawai’i
 Hawaiian society was a highly stratified
system with strictly maintained castes. Each
caste had its assigned tasks and
responsibilities.
 Not until 1810 was there a single king over
all Hawaii with the reign of Kamehameha.
Before then, there were a number of small
kingdoms that divided the islands and were
often at war with each other.

24. Europeans Discover Hawai’i
 Modern Hawaiian history begins on January
20, 1778, when Captain James Cook's
expedition made its first contact with the
Hawaiian people on the islands of Kauai and
Niihau. Captain Cook was not the first man
to "discover" the Hawaiian Islands. He was
the first known European to arrive.

25. King Kamehameha
 Various kings had attempted to
unite the entire island chain
under one command
 After taking control of the Big
Island of Hawai’I, he moved
through Maui, Lanai, Molokai,
and O’ahu.

26. The Last Monarch: Queen
Lili'uokalani
 Rivalry was intense between white
businessmen who dominated the
economy and native politicians who
still retained the power to get things
accomplished.
 Lili'uokalani looked to create a new
constitution which would restore the
power of the monarchy.
 A Committee of Safety was formed by
prominent annexationists. They took
it upon themselves to create a
provisional government and a militia.
The Queen could have declared
martial law and arrested the
conspirators, but she felt that this
would begin armed conflict which
would result in loss of innocent lives.

27.  The Committee of Safety then
made its move and armed
companies of militia took over
government buildings and
offices. The evening before,
marines and sailors from the
U.S.S. Boston were landed to
keep order in Honolulu and
their commander, Captain
G.C. Wiltse, openly supported
the Provisionals. The Queen
was powerless.
 Finally on January 17, 1893,
the Queen faced the
inevitable and surrendered
under protest.

28. The Hula
 Early missionaries disliked the hula they
saw. The sight of scantily clad women
moving in rhythm to poetry offended their
puritan ethics and they made strenuous
efforts to abolish this aspect of ancient
Hawaiian culture.

29. Surfing
 Royalty used surfing as a
means of maintaining their
strength, liveliness and
authority over their
people. Only the elite class
was allowed to use certain
materials and wood for
their boards resulting in a
superior quality board,
which separated the
royalty from the
commoners.
 Duke Kahanamoku is
singularly credited with
popularizing surfing world-
wide during the 1920s

30. Imperialism Hits China
The Boxer Rebellion

31. Opium
 It contains up to
12% morphine, an
opiate alkaloid,
which is most
frequently
processed
chemically to
produce heroin
for the illegal
drug trade. The
resin also
includes codeine
and non-narcotic
alkaloids.

32. Boxer Rebellion
 A violent anti-foreign,
anti-Christian movement
by the Society of Righteous
and Harmonious Fists in
China
 Occurred in response to
imperialist expansion,
growth of cosmopolitan
influences, and missionary
evangelism, and against
the backdrop of state
fiscal crisis and natural
disasters.

35. British East India Company
 Traded mainly in cotton,
silk, indigo dye, saltpeter,
tea, and opium.
 Came to rule large swathes
of India, exercising military
power and assuming
administrative functions, to
the exclusion, gradually, of
its commercial pursuits

36. Sepoy Mutiny
 A native of India; a soldier
allied to a European power.
 The Indian Rebellion of 1857
began as a mutiny of sepoys of
British East India Company's
army

37. Indian Servitude