The document discusses the early colonial history of North America, focusing on the French and English colonies. It describes the indigenous peoples, including the Iroquois and Algonquian, and how they organized and used the land. It then summarizes the founding and growth of New France by French fur traders and Catholic missionaries seeking to convert native peoples. Finally, it contrasts the more centralized and militaristic nature of French colonial administration under King Louis XIV with the growing English colonies like Carolina.

1. American ColoniesDesiree HopkinsHistory 140

2. American Colonies 5- Canada and IroquoiaIn the sixteenth century, English, French and Dutch mariners crossed the Atlantic to plunder Spanish shipping and colonial towns or to conduct smuggling trade.Fur trade deeply implicated Europeans and natives in mutual dependency. The Indians of northeastern North America divided into Algonquian and Iroquoian peoples. The Iroquoian people clustered around Lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence Valley. They practiced mixed economy by hunting and gathering supplemented a highly productive horticulture.The Algonquian who occupied the Atlantic seaboard from Labrador to North Carolina. They lacked horticulture and were more mobile and dispersed, relying on seasonally shifting round of fishing, hunting and gathering.

3. Fur trading companies felt ambivalent about establishing permanent posts within their trading territory. The French, did not come to farm. Their main purpose was securing fur trade.The St. Lawrence was ideal for five reasons. First, the valley was safely distant from Spanish power. Second, the northern location meant especially thick and valuable furs. Third, the resident Montagnais and Algonkin were especially skilled hunters, more than more southern people. Fourth, the long St. Lawrence offered the deepest access westward into the continent of any river that flowed into the North Atlantic.

4. Fifteenth Century, the Five Nation Iroquois had waged ferocious wars upon one another.Early sixteenth Century, a prophet named Deganawida and his chief disciple, Hiawatha, preached a new message of unity and peace meant to stem the violent feuding between the Iroquois nations. Deganawida and Hiawatha persuaded the Five nations to form a Great League of Peace and Power.The Great League was primarily a ceremonial and religious forum for promoting calm and peaceful thinking in a world where grief, rage, and war prevailed.

5. Fur trade launched New France, but the colony sustained by a Catholic bid to convert the Indians.By converting the Indians to Catholicism, French leaders hoped to make the natives more dependent and dependable as allies and trading partners.Rather than compel Indians to learn French and relocate into new mission towns, the Jesuits mastered the native languages and went into their villages to build churches.

6. American Colonies 16- French AmericaUntil 1663, Canada belonged to the fur-trading Company on New France, rather than to the French crown.The company saw little purpose and no profit in the costly business of transporting people to a colony dedicated to the fur trade.French learned that they needed more colonist to defend Quebec.Crown officials worried that the French were losing the demographic race to colonize North America.The next decade, the crown stimulated emigration by paying for transatlantic passages.

7. Most of the French who did emigrate to Canada and stayed significantly improved their status and standard of living.At least 80% of the colonist lives as habitants.Women in Catholic New France had an alternative to marriage and childbearing. They could embrace a life of celibacy and religious devotion in a convent in Montreal or Quebec, where nuns ran schools, asylums, and hospital providing a thicker network of social welfare than in the British colonies.

8. Compared with British rivals the French colonies reflected a more militaristic, paternalistic, and centralized form authority.The demographic weakness and military peril of New France demanded a more frequent and total mobilization for defense.The colony reflected the greater concentration of power in the French monarchy, especially under the hyperambitious, resourceful, and egocentric Louis XIV who reigned from 1661 to 1715.Louis relied upon the largest and best army in Europe.

9. Early 18th century, New France consisted of two different sectors the narrow cultivated St. Lawrence Valley and the vast interior of forest and lakes known as the upper country.After 1700 hard labor, rapid reproduction, and peace with Iroquois brought greater security, prosperity and development to the valley.1670’s and 1680’s the English founded Carolina.