Eumicrobedb - Oomycetes Genomics Database
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•395 views
Eumicrobedb.org is an oomycetes genomics database created and maintained by computational genomics lab CSIR-IICB. Currently the database contains genome sequence of 26 organisms belonging to oomycetes group along with various analytical tools.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Oomycetes
The oomycetes, also known as water molds, are a diverse group of microorganisms that include many devastating plant pathogens. They can live as saprotrophs breaking down decaying matter or as parasites on plants. The potato blight caused by Phytophthora infestans resulted in the Great Irish Famine of 1845. Oomycetes reproduce both sexually and asexually, with asexual reproduction involving the production of motile zoospores inside sporangia. They include some of the most damaging agricultural parasites and have helped scientists understand the evolution from aquatic to terrestrial lifestyles.
Oomycetes
Oomycetes, also known as water molds, are fungus-like protists that feed by absorbing nutrients through their cellulose cell walls. They reproduce both sexually, through oogonia and antheridia forming oospores, and asexually via biflagellate zoospores. While commonly found in water, many oomycetes are terrestrial. Some are parasitic on animals, plants, and crops, causing diseases like late blight of potato. They have characteristics like diploid nuclei, cellulose cell walls, and two flagella per motile spore that distinguish them from true fungi.
Microorganisms
Microorganisms, also called microbes, are tiny organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. They are classified into five major groups: bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and algae. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that live in diverse environments and have both helpful and harmful relationships with humans. Fungi are plant-like organisms that lack chlorophyll and are found in warm, moist places where they can be beneficial or detrimental to humans. Protozoa are unicellular microbes that can move and capture food themselves. Algae contain chlorophyll and can produce their own food through photosynthesis, helping to supply food for aquatic animals. Viruses can only reproduce inside host organisms and cause
Kingdom protist
This document discusses protists, a kingdom of mostly microscopic eukaryotic organisms. It begins by asking questions to recall what is known about algae from grade 7. It then lists objectives about describing protist characteristics, classifying protists based on energy sources, and citing examples of useful and harmful protists. The document proceeds to explain and elaborate on different groups of protists, including phototrophs like algae that produce their own food, and heterotrophs that feed on other organisms. Specific examples are provided, such as green algae that can be eaten or used to make agar, brown algae that produce alginate, and red algae that change color. Harmful protists discussed include
Kingdom Fungi
This document provides information about different types of fungi. It discusses that fungi lack chloroplasts and absorb nutrients from other sources. It then describes several types of fungi in more detail, including zygomycota which reproduce sexually through conjugation, ascomycota which reproduce sexually through ascospores and asexually through conidiospores, yeasts which are unicellular, and basidiomycota which reproduce sexually through basidia. It also provides examples of types of fungi like mildew, puffballs, bracket fungi, and the imperfect fungi that reproduce asexually.
Protist animal like
The document describes the characteristics and classification of protists, including protozoa, fungi-like protists, and their roles in life. It outlines that protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes that move using pseudopods, flagella, or cilia, and can be classified into groups like rhizopods, flagellates, and ciliates. It also discusses fungi-like protists that have filamentous or thread-like structures, absorb nutrients, and can form spores, being divided into myxomycota, acrasimycota, and oomycota. The document explains some protists
Fungi and protist
This document provides information about protists and fungi. It discusses that protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be photosynthetic, heterotrophic, or parasitic. It describes key groups of protists like algae, dinoflagellates, and euglenoids. It also discusses fungi, noting they are eukaryotic but lack chlorophyll and obtain nutrients from host organisms or decaying matter. Examples are given of both harmful and beneficial protists and fungi.
Deuteromycota
Deuteromycota refers to fungi that reproduce asexually and whose sexual reproduction cycle is unknown. They are characterized by septate mycelium and reproduce through conidia. There are four orders within Deuteromycota distinguished by where conidia and conidiophores are produced. Some Deuteromycota have sterile mycelium or sclerotia and some undergo a parasexual cycle involving plasmogamy and haploidization but not true meiosis.
Recommended
Oomycetes
The oomycetes, also known as water molds, are a diverse group of microorganisms that include many devastating plant pathogens. They can live as saprotrophs breaking down decaying matter or as parasites on plants. The potato blight caused by Phytophthora infestans resulted in the Great Irish Famine of 1845. Oomycetes reproduce both sexually and asexually, with asexual reproduction involving the production of motile zoospores inside sporangia. They include some of the most damaging agricultural parasites and have helped scientists understand the evolution from aquatic to terrestrial lifestyles.
Oomycetes
Oomycetes, also known as water molds, are fungus-like protists that feed by absorbing nutrients through their cellulose cell walls. They reproduce both sexually, through oogonia and antheridia forming oospores, and asexually via biflagellate zoospores. While commonly found in water, many oomycetes are terrestrial. Some are parasitic on animals, plants, and crops, causing diseases like late blight of potato. They have characteristics like diploid nuclei, cellulose cell walls, and two flagella per motile spore that distinguish them from true fungi.
Microorganisms
Microorganisms, also called microbes, are tiny organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. They are classified into five major groups: bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and algae. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that live in diverse environments and have both helpful and harmful relationships with humans. Fungi are plant-like organisms that lack chlorophyll and are found in warm, moist places where they can be beneficial or detrimental to humans. Protozoa are unicellular microbes that can move and capture food themselves. Algae contain chlorophyll and can produce their own food through photosynthesis, helping to supply food for aquatic animals. Viruses can only reproduce inside host organisms and cause
Kingdom protist
This document discusses protists, a kingdom of mostly microscopic eukaryotic organisms. It begins by asking questions to recall what is known about algae from grade 7. It then lists objectives about describing protist characteristics, classifying protists based on energy sources, and citing examples of useful and harmful protists. The document proceeds to explain and elaborate on different groups of protists, including phototrophs like algae that produce their own food, and heterotrophs that feed on other organisms. Specific examples are provided, such as green algae that can be eaten or used to make agar, brown algae that produce alginate, and red algae that change color. Harmful protists discussed include
Kingdom Fungi
This document provides information about different types of fungi. It discusses that fungi lack chloroplasts and absorb nutrients from other sources. It then describes several types of fungi in more detail, including zygomycota which reproduce sexually through conjugation, ascomycota which reproduce sexually through ascospores and asexually through conidiospores, yeasts which are unicellular, and basidiomycota which reproduce sexually through basidia. It also provides examples of types of fungi like mildew, puffballs, bracket fungi, and the imperfect fungi that reproduce asexually.
Protist animal like
The document describes the characteristics and classification of protists, including protozoa, fungi-like protists, and their roles in life. It outlines that protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes that move using pseudopods, flagella, or cilia, and can be classified into groups like rhizopods, flagellates, and ciliates. It also discusses fungi-like protists that have filamentous or thread-like structures, absorb nutrients, and can form spores, being divided into myxomycota, acrasimycota, and oomycota. The document explains some protists
Fungi and protist
This document provides information about protists and fungi. It discusses that protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be photosynthetic, heterotrophic, or parasitic. It describes key groups of protists like algae, dinoflagellates, and euglenoids. It also discusses fungi, noting they are eukaryotic but lack chlorophyll and obtain nutrients from host organisms or decaying matter. Examples are given of both harmful and beneficial protists and fungi.
Deuteromycota
Deuteromycota refers to fungi that reproduce asexually and whose sexual reproduction cycle is unknown. They are characterized by septate mycelium and reproduce through conidia. There are four orders within Deuteromycota distinguished by where conidia and conidiophores are produced. Some Deuteromycota have sterile mycelium or sclerotia and some undergo a parasexual cycle involving plasmogamy and haploidization but not true meiosis.
Protists
The document discusses protists, which are single-celled microscopic organisms that can have traits of plants, animals, or both. It describes how different protists move, feed, and reproduce. Some protists are animal-like and use pseudopods or cilia for movement, while plantlike protists can use chloroplasts to produce their own food through photosynthesis. Most protists reproduce through a process called fission, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Intro to fungi_presentation - fall 2008
The document summarizes key characteristics of fungi. Fungi can be unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular. They are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or living matter. Their cell walls contain chitin and they reproduce both sexually and asexually via spores. Fungi play important ecological roles as decomposers, symbionts that form relationships with plants and algae, and occasionally as parasites that can cause disease. The four main fungal phyla are Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota.
Plant like protists
Multicellular algae are classified as plants even though they lack specialized tissues. They are divided into three groups - green, brown, and red algae - based on their structure, pigments, food storage, and cell walls. Algae have complex life cycles that involve alternating between sexual reproduction through fertilization and asexual reproduction via spores, with phases that are either haploid or diploid.
Protists
1. The document describes the five kingdom classification system developed by Whittaker which places protists in their own kingdom.
2. Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular but have not developed true tissues. They exhibit a variety of characteristics including being heterotrophic or autotrophic.
3. The document then describes the different members of the protist kingdom, including fungus-like protists, animal-like protists, and plant-like protists. It provides examples such as amoebas, paramecium, and various types of algae.
Protista introduction
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that were some of the first to have a nucleus. They can be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial. Protists play important roles in ecosystems as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Some protists, like phytoplankton, produce a significant portion of the Earth's oxygen through photosynthesis. Protists also play an important role in nutrient cycling and serve as food for other organisms.
General characteristics of fungi
The overall general characteristics of fungi is given under each headings. The reproduction process is given brief along with diagrams. The contents are taken from the references given.
Protists
Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that include protozoa, algae, and fungus-like protists. They can be unicellular or multicellular, microscopic or large, and obtain energy through photosynthesis or consuming other organisms or organic matter. Some protists are important causes of disease, while others produce oxygen and are foundations of aquatic food webs.
Protists
Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that include protozoa, algae, and fungus-like protists. They can be unicellular or multicellular, microscopic or large, and obtain energy through photosynthesis or consuming other organisms or organic matter. Major groups of protists include protozoa such as amoebas, flagellates, ciliates, and sporozoans; algae which perform photosynthesis; and fungus-like protists such as slime molds, water molds, and downy mildews. Protists play important roles in ecosystems as producers, decomposers, and causes of diseases.
Algae classification
This document discusses the classification, characteristics, and economic importance of algae. It begins by outlining Linnaeus' original classification of algae in 1753 and notes that many algae are unicellular. It then discusses the morphology, pigments like chlorophyll and carotenoids, and cell structure of algae including chloroplasts and thylakoids. The three main groups - green, red, and brown algae - are classified based on their primary pigments, storage products, cell wall composition, and flagella. Examples of commonly known algae from each group are also provided. The document concludes by explaining the economic importance of algae as primary producers and sources of commercial products like agar, alginic
Yeast
This document provides information about yeast. It defines yeast as a microscopic fungi that can convert sugar into alcohol and carbohydrates. Yeast is used to produce various foods through fermentation like bread, beer, wine, vinegar and cheese. The document describes the morphology of yeast cells as single-celled fungi ranging from 1-5um wide and 5-30um long without flagella. It reproduces asexually through budding or fission and sexually through various life cycles. Physiologically, yeast grows best with moisture and sugars as an energy source.
General Characteristics of Fungi
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can exist as unicellular yeasts or multicellular filamentous molds. Multicellular fungi are composed of hyphae, which are branching filaments that can form a mycelium. Fungi have cell walls made of chitin and obtain nutrients by degrading and absorbing organic matter as saprophytes or living as parasites or symbionts of other organisms. They reproduce both sexually through the production and fusion of spores and asexually through spores. The sexual life cycle involves the fusion of hyphae from two individuals to form a mycelium with haploid nuclei from both that can be either heterokaryotic or d
Fungi
Fungi come in various forms including molds, mushrooms, and yeasts. They feed through absorption of nutrients from living or dead matter like plants, animals, or other fungi. Fungi live in damp environments and some are beneficial by aiding in processes like bread making, while others are harmful parasites that can cause diseases in plants and animals. Fungi are classified as unicellular yeasts, multicellular molds that can be parasites or break down organic matter, or multicellular mushrooms and toadstools that can be edible or poisonous.
Protists
Protists are eukaryotic microorganisms that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. They are usually unicellular and reproduce through fission, conjugation, or spore formation. Protists include animal-like protists that are heterotrophic and move to capture prey, plant-like protists that are mostly autotrophic algae, and fungus-like protists such as water molds and slime molds. Protists play important roles in the environment such as producing oxygen, forming the base of marine food webs, and contributing to the carbon cycle through decomposition. They are also economically significant as food sources, in industry, and can cause human diseases like malaria, sleeping
Kingdom protista
Protists have more complex structures and functions than bacteria, including specialized organelles. They can be classified as plantlike, funguslike, or animal-like. Plantlike protists include algae and phytoplankton, which are photosynthetic and provide food for aquatic animals. Funguslike protists are saprophytic and derive energy from breaking down dead organic matter. Animal-like protists, also called protozoans, are heterotrophic and include zooflagellates, sarcodina, sporozoa, and ciliates.
Protist power point
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as plants, animals, fungi, or bacteria. They can be unicellular or multicellular. Protists are primarily classified based on their method of nutrition - animal-like protists are heterotrophs, plant-like protists contain chloroplasts and perform photosynthesis, and fungus-like protists decompose dead organic material. Common protists include paramecium, amoebas, euglena and various types of algae. Protists play important roles in ecosystems by recycling nutrients, being a food source, and in some cases causing harmful algal blooms.
Protozoos y algas
The document describes various kingdoms and types of protists. It includes:
1) Protists are divided into protozoans, algae, and cellular slime molds. Protozoans are further divided into amoebas, flagellates, and others.
2) Examples of protists described include Paramecium, a ciliate, and Plasmodium malariae, the apicomplexan that causes malaria.
3) Reproductive processes in protists include asexual reproduction through binary fission or budding, and sexual reproduction through conjugation or syngamy followed by meiosis.
Fungi[1]
Fungi have cell walls containing chitin, reproduce sexually or asexually via spores, and absorb nutrients from their surroundings. They are classified into four phyla based on sexual reproduction: Zygomycota form zygospores; Ascomycota form ascospores in sacs; Basidiomycota form basidiospores under mushroom caps; and Deuteromycota lack a known sexual phase. Fungi can be harmful parasites or helpful decomposers and in food/antibiotics, or form mutualisms with plants and algae.
09 protista
1) The document outlines the kingdoms of life and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It describes how mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated from prokaryotes that engaged in endosymbiosis with early eukaryotes.
2) Representative protists are described, including slime moulds, red and brown algae, protozoa like amoebas and paramecium, and the malaria-causing plasmodium.
3) Euglena is presented as a protist that exhibits both plant-like and animal-like characteristics, being able to perform photosynthesis using chloroplasts but also ingest food via phagocytosis.
characteristic and structure of fungi
Fungi have several key characteristics:
1. They lack chlorophyll and must obtain nutrients by absorbing their surroundings, living as saprophytes, parasites, or symbiotically.
2. Their bodies are made of thread-like structures called hyphae that can join together to form a mycelium network.
3. They can be unicellular yeasts or multicellular mushrooms and molds, and reproduce through spores.
Basidiomycota
1. Jamur Basidiomycota tumbuh sebagai miselium multiseluler yang membentuk tubuh buah.
2. Reproduksi seksual melibatkan perkawinan antara hifa haploid dan pembentukan basidiospora melalui basidium.
3. Jamur Basidiomycota memiliki peran penting sebagai bahan pangan dan obat-obatan, namun beberapa juga berperan sebagai parasit tanaman.
Basidiomycota
Fungi and fungal-like organisms are heterotrophic, requiring external nutrients. They grow through hyphae that colonize substrates to obtain nutrients. Hyphal cell walls contain glucans and chitin in true fungi or cellulose and glycans in fungal-like organisms. Modern fungal classification is based on phylogenetic analysis and generally follows Agrios (2005), grouping organisms by kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Key groups include Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Many genera contain important plant pathogens.
More Related Content
What's hot
Protists
The document discusses protists, which are single-celled microscopic organisms that can have traits of plants, animals, or both. It describes how different protists move, feed, and reproduce. Some protists are animal-like and use pseudopods or cilia for movement, while plantlike protists can use chloroplasts to produce their own food through photosynthesis. Most protists reproduce through a process called fission, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Intro to fungi_presentation - fall 2008
The document summarizes key characteristics of fungi. Fungi can be unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular. They are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or living matter. Their cell walls contain chitin and they reproduce both sexually and asexually via spores. Fungi play important ecological roles as decomposers, symbionts that form relationships with plants and algae, and occasionally as parasites that can cause disease. The four main fungal phyla are Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota.
Plant like protists
Multicellular algae are classified as plants even though they lack specialized tissues. They are divided into three groups - green, brown, and red algae - based on their structure, pigments, food storage, and cell walls. Algae have complex life cycles that involve alternating between sexual reproduction through fertilization and asexual reproduction via spores, with phases that are either haploid or diploid.
Protists
1. The document describes the five kingdom classification system developed by Whittaker which places protists in their own kingdom.
2. Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular but have not developed true tissues. They exhibit a variety of characteristics including being heterotrophic or autotrophic.
3. The document then describes the different members of the protist kingdom, including fungus-like protists, animal-like protists, and plant-like protists. It provides examples such as amoebas, paramecium, and various types of algae.
Protista introduction
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that were some of the first to have a nucleus. They can be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial. Protists play important roles in ecosystems as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Some protists, like phytoplankton, produce a significant portion of the Earth's oxygen through photosynthesis. Protists also play an important role in nutrient cycling and serve as food for other organisms.
General characteristics of fungi
The overall general characteristics of fungi is given under each headings. The reproduction process is given brief along with diagrams. The contents are taken from the references given.
Protists
Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that include protozoa, algae, and fungus-like protists. They can be unicellular or multicellular, microscopic or large, and obtain energy through photosynthesis or consuming other organisms or organic matter. Some protists are important causes of disease, while others produce oxygen and are foundations of aquatic food webs.
Protists
Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that include protozoa, algae, and fungus-like protists. They can be unicellular or multicellular, microscopic or large, and obtain energy through photosynthesis or consuming other organisms or organic matter. Major groups of protists include protozoa such as amoebas, flagellates, ciliates, and sporozoans; algae which perform photosynthesis; and fungus-like protists such as slime molds, water molds, and downy mildews. Protists play important roles in ecosystems as producers, decomposers, and causes of diseases.
Algae classification
This document discusses the classification, characteristics, and economic importance of algae. It begins by outlining Linnaeus' original classification of algae in 1753 and notes that many algae are unicellular. It then discusses the morphology, pigments like chlorophyll and carotenoids, and cell structure of algae including chloroplasts and thylakoids. The three main groups - green, red, and brown algae - are classified based on their primary pigments, storage products, cell wall composition, and flagella. Examples of commonly known algae from each group are also provided. The document concludes by explaining the economic importance of algae as primary producers and sources of commercial products like agar, alginic
Yeast
This document provides information about yeast. It defines yeast as a microscopic fungi that can convert sugar into alcohol and carbohydrates. Yeast is used to produce various foods through fermentation like bread, beer, wine, vinegar and cheese. The document describes the morphology of yeast cells as single-celled fungi ranging from 1-5um wide and 5-30um long without flagella. It reproduces asexually through budding or fission and sexually through various life cycles. Physiologically, yeast grows best with moisture and sugars as an energy source.
General Characteristics of Fungi
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can exist as unicellular yeasts or multicellular filamentous molds. Multicellular fungi are composed of hyphae, which are branching filaments that can form a mycelium. Fungi have cell walls made of chitin and obtain nutrients by degrading and absorbing organic matter as saprophytes or living as parasites or symbionts of other organisms. They reproduce both sexually through the production and fusion of spores and asexually through spores. The sexual life cycle involves the fusion of hyphae from two individuals to form a mycelium with haploid nuclei from both that can be either heterokaryotic or d
Fungi
Fungi come in various forms including molds, mushrooms, and yeasts. They feed through absorption of nutrients from living or dead matter like plants, animals, or other fungi. Fungi live in damp environments and some are beneficial by aiding in processes like bread making, while others are harmful parasites that can cause diseases in plants and animals. Fungi are classified as unicellular yeasts, multicellular molds that can be parasites or break down organic matter, or multicellular mushrooms and toadstools that can be edible or poisonous.
Protists
Protists are eukaryotic microorganisms that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. They are usually unicellular and reproduce through fission, conjugation, or spore formation. Protists include animal-like protists that are heterotrophic and move to capture prey, plant-like protists that are mostly autotrophic algae, and fungus-like protists such as water molds and slime molds. Protists play important roles in the environment such as producing oxygen, forming the base of marine food webs, and contributing to the carbon cycle through decomposition. They are also economically significant as food sources, in industry, and can cause human diseases like malaria, sleeping
Kingdom protista
Protists have more complex structures and functions than bacteria, including specialized organelles. They can be classified as plantlike, funguslike, or animal-like. Plantlike protists include algae and phytoplankton, which are photosynthetic and provide food for aquatic animals. Funguslike protists are saprophytic and derive energy from breaking down dead organic matter. Animal-like protists, also called protozoans, are heterotrophic and include zooflagellates, sarcodina, sporozoa, and ciliates.
Protist power point
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as plants, animals, fungi, or bacteria. They can be unicellular or multicellular. Protists are primarily classified based on their method of nutrition - animal-like protists are heterotrophs, plant-like protists contain chloroplasts and perform photosynthesis, and fungus-like protists decompose dead organic material. Common protists include paramecium, amoebas, euglena and various types of algae. Protists play important roles in ecosystems by recycling nutrients, being a food source, and in some cases causing harmful algal blooms.
Protozoos y algas
The document describes various kingdoms and types of protists. It includes:
1) Protists are divided into protozoans, algae, and cellular slime molds. Protozoans are further divided into amoebas, flagellates, and others.
2) Examples of protists described include Paramecium, a ciliate, and Plasmodium malariae, the apicomplexan that causes malaria.
3) Reproductive processes in protists include asexual reproduction through binary fission or budding, and sexual reproduction through conjugation or syngamy followed by meiosis.
Fungi[1]
Fungi have cell walls containing chitin, reproduce sexually or asexually via spores, and absorb nutrients from their surroundings. They are classified into four phyla based on sexual reproduction: Zygomycota form zygospores; Ascomycota form ascospores in sacs; Basidiomycota form basidiospores under mushroom caps; and Deuteromycota lack a known sexual phase. Fungi can be harmful parasites or helpful decomposers and in food/antibiotics, or form mutualisms with plants and algae.
09 protista
1) The document outlines the kingdoms of life and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It describes how mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated from prokaryotes that engaged in endosymbiosis with early eukaryotes.
2) Representative protists are described, including slime moulds, red and brown algae, protozoa like amoebas and paramecium, and the malaria-causing plasmodium.
3) Euglena is presented as a protist that exhibits both plant-like and animal-like characteristics, being able to perform photosynthesis using chloroplasts but also ingest food via phagocytosis.
characteristic and structure of fungi
Fungi have several key characteristics:
1. They lack chlorophyll and must obtain nutrients by absorbing their surroundings, living as saprophytes, parasites, or symbiotically.
2. Their bodies are made of thread-like structures called hyphae that can join together to form a mycelium network.
3. They can be unicellular yeasts or multicellular mushrooms and molds, and reproduce through spores.
What's hot (19)
Viewers also liked
Basidiomycota
1. Jamur Basidiomycota tumbuh sebagai miselium multiseluler yang membentuk tubuh buah.
2. Reproduksi seksual melibatkan perkawinan antara hifa haploid dan pembentukan basidiospora melalui basidium.
3. Jamur Basidiomycota memiliki peran penting sebagai bahan pangan dan obat-obatan, namun beberapa juga berperan sebagai parasit tanaman.
Basidiomycota
Fungi and fungal-like organisms are heterotrophic, requiring external nutrients. They grow through hyphae that colonize substrates to obtain nutrients. Hyphal cell walls contain glucans and chitin in true fungi or cellulose and glycans in fungal-like organisms. Modern fungal classification is based on phylogenetic analysis and generally follows Agrios (2005), grouping organisms by kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Key groups include Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Many genera contain important plant pathogens.
Basidiomycota
El documento describe la división Basidiomycota del reino Fungi, que incluye hongos que producen basidios con basidiosporas, como las setas y hongos con sombrero. Estos hongos son los más evolucionados y variados, y se reproducen sexualmente a través de la plasmogamia y dicariotización, formando hifas dicarióticas que producen basidiosporas o micelio dicariótico, dependiendo de si son heterotálicos u homotálicos.
Zygomycota
Zygomycota adalah phylum fungi yang meliputi jamur ragi. Jamur ini membentuk zigospora sebagai hasil peleburan antara dua gametangium. Zygomycota melakukan reproduksi secara aseksual dengan membentuk spora dan secara seksual dengan membentuk zigot. Jamur ini berperan sebagai dekomposer dan digunakan dalam fermentasi makanan seperti tempe dan sufu.
Deuteromycota
Dokumen tersebut merupakan ringkasan tentang kerajaan Deuteromycota. Kerajaan ini termasuk ke dalam kerajaan fungi yang multiseluler, tidak berklorofil, dan reproduksi secara aseksual melalui spora. Terdapat beberapa genus jamur yang berguna seperti Aspergillus niger dan Aspergillus oryzae namun juga ada yang merugikan seperti Helmintrosporium oryzae dan Fusarium.
Basidiomycetes
The document discusses the club fungi (Basidiomycota), a taxonomic division of fungi that reproduce sexually through specialized club-shaped cells called basidia. Basidia normally bear four external meiospores and are found on the gills under the cap of mushrooms. One example is the fairy ring fungus, whose underground mycelium depletes soil nitrogen as it grows outward in a circle, forming a fairy ring where fruiting bodies appear. Basidiomycota are important as they include edible mushrooms and produce spores via basidia after the fusion and meiosis of genetic material from two mating strains.
Zygomycota
Zygomycetes are fungi that reproduce sexually through the fusion of gametes to form zygospores and asexually through sporangia. They have rhizoids that absorb nutrients, stolons that connect structures, and sporangiophores that bear sporangia. During the life cycle, asexual reproduction produces spores for germination while sexual reproduction involves the fusion of haploid gametes from different mating types. Zygomycetes can be pathogenic, commensal, or parasitic and are used for biological control, in some food fermentations, and to produce metabolites.
Basidiomycota
El documento describe las características generales de los hongos del filo Basidiomycota. Incluye más de 30,000 especies descritas, siendo los más conspicuos las setas. Se utilizan en la agroindustria, medicina, como alimentos y alucinógenos. Se dispersan por el aire, animales, lluvia y maquinaria. Forman micelio aéreo y basidiocarpos con basidiosporas. Se clasifican en tres clases: Teliomycetes, Hymenomycetes y Gasteromycetes.
Basidiomycota
Basidiomycetes, or club fungi, are a division of fungi that produce basidiospores on club-shaped structures called basidia. They can be saprophytes that feed on dead organic matter or parasites that live within a host. The perfect stage of their life cycle involves the basidium bearing basidiospores. Examples of basidiomycetes include mushrooms, smuts, rusts, puffballs, and stinkhorns. Some basidiomycetes have medical benefits while others can cause plant or animal diseases.
13.clase ascomycota
Este documento proporciona información sobre el filo Ascomycota. Es el grupo más numeroso de hongos, con cerca de 100,000 especies descritas. Se encuentran en todo tipo de hábitats y son importantes en la fermentación de alimentos y la producción de antibióticos, enzimas y otras moléculas. Algunos son patógenos de plantas y animales. Se reproducen sexualmente a través de ascas y asexualmente mediante esporas. Presentan diversas estructuras como micelio, levaduras, picnidios y periteci
Deuteromycota
Jamur Deuteromycota merupakan jamur yang bereproduksi secara aseksual dengan konidia dan tahap seksualnya belum diketahui, sehingga termasuk jamur yang tidak sempurna. Jamur ini dapat hidup sebagai parasit atau saprofit dan beberapa diantaranya dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia dan hewan.
Filum ascomycota
El documento describe la clasificación y características del filo Ascomycota. Pertenece al reino Fungi y se divide en hongos verdaderos y pseudohongos. Los Ascomycota son el grupo más grande de hongos fitopatógenos, producen hifas septadas con quitina y esporas asexuales (conidias) y sexuales (ascosporas). Incluye muchos hongos parásitos de plantas económicamente importantes. Describe también su ciclo de vida, taxonomía, síntomas causados y enfer
Deuteromicetes
Los deuteromicetes son hongos sin ciclos sexuales conocidos que pueden causar enfermedades en plantas y animales. Algunos deuteromicetes son importantes económicamente ya que se usan para producir quesos y antibióticos como la penicilina. Las enfermedades más comunes causadas por deuteromicetes incluyen infecciones de la piel y membranas mucosas como la tiña y la candiasis.
Hongos imperfectos o deuteromycota
Este filo incluye hongos con reproducción sexual a través de esporas producidas en estructuras llamadas basidios. Presentan formas pluricelulares, frecuente reproducción sexual y formación de cuerpos fructíferos.
Basidiomicetos
El documento describe el phylum Basidiomycota, que incluye hongos con sombrero y setas clásicas. Contiene más de 22,300 especies agrupadas en tres clases. Se caracterizan por producir basidios con basidiosporas después de la reproducción sexual. Los basidios se forman en estructuras reproductivas llamadas basidiocarpos que producen basidiosporas externamente.
Filum Zygomycota
Los hongos del filo Zygomycota incluyen alrededor de mil cincuenta especies saprófitas que se reproducen asexualmente mediante esporangiósporas y sexualmente a través de la formación de zigósporas resistentes. Algunos órdenes como Mucorales contienen especies parásitas de frutos y hojas, mientras que Entomophthorales y Zoopagales incluyen parásitos de insectos y otros artrópodos. Estos hongos desempeñan un importante papel ecológ
Viewers also liked (18)
Similar to Eumicrobedb - Oomycetes Genomics Database
ABIcurator.doc
This proposal requests $1.45 million from the NSF to develop a Curator Assistant to help communities annotate the rapidly increasing number of sequenced genomes. As sequencing costs decrease from $1 million to $10,000 per genome, the bottleneck has shifted to functional annotation, which currently relies on human curators. The proposed software will use natural language processing to extract gene functions from literature and suggest annotations to assist community curators with databases for non-model organisms lacking professional curation resources. It will initially focus on arthropod genomes through collaboration with the Arthropod Base Consortium.
Bacterial Cell Lab Report
Here are the key points about human infectious diseases:
- They are caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that enter the body and cause illness.
- Diseases can range from mild to life-threatening depending on the pathogen and individual susceptibility.
- Pathogens are transmitted via various routes like respiratory droplets, sexual contact, contaminated food/water, vector-borne transmission via insects.
- Once inside the body, pathogens multiply and cause harm by invading tissues, releasing toxins, or overwhelming the immune system.
- Common diseases include respiratory infections like influenza, gastrointestinal illnesses like diarrhea, sexually transmitted diseases, vector-borne diseases like malaria.
- Vaccines, antibiotics, antifung
rheumatoid arthritis
This document provides an overview of bioinformatics and genomics. It begins with an acknowledgement and abstract section. The introduction defines bioinformatics and its role in analyzing genetic sequences and biological data through computational methods. Major research areas of bioinformatics discussed include sequence analysis, genome annotation, evolutionary biology, measuring biodiversity, gene expression analysis, protein analysis, cancer mutation analysis, and protein structure prediction. Comparative genomics and modeling biological systems are also summarized. The document concludes with a definition of genomics as the study of genomes through sequencing efforts and mapping genetic interactions.
Apollo and i5K: Collaborative Curation and Interactive Analysis of Genomes
Precise elucidation of the many different biological features encoded in a genome requires a careful curation process that involves reviewing all available evidence to allow researchers to resolve discrepancies and validate automated gene models, protein alignments, and other biological elements. Genome annotation is an inherently collaborative task; researchers only rarely work in isolation, turning to colleagues for second opinions and insights from those with expertise in particular domains and gene families.
The i5k initiative seeks to sequence the genomes of 5,000 insect and related arthropod species. The selected species are known to be important to worldwide agriculture, food safety, medicine, and energy production as well as many used as models in biology, those most abundant in world ecosystems, and representatives in every branch of the insect phylogeny in an effort to better understand arthropod evolution and phylogeny. Because computational genome analysis remains an imperfect art, each of these new genomes sequenced will require visualization and curation.
Apollo is an instantaneous, collaborative, genome annotation editor, and the new JavaScript based version allows researchers real-time interactivity, breaking down large amounts of data into manageable portions to mobilize groups of researchers with shared interests. The i5K is a broad and inclusive effort that seeks to involve scientists from around the world in their genome curation process and Apollo is serving as the platform to empower this community. Here we offer details about this collaboration.
Protocols for genomics and proteomics
Aim1: To study the method of genome identification through ENSEMBL browser.
Aim2: To study the method of genome identification through VISTA.
Aim3: To study the method of genome identification through UCSC Genome Browser.
Aim4: To study the method of genome and amino acid sequences through UCSC Genome Browser.
Introduction to Gene Mining Part A: BLASTn-off!
In this lesson, students will learn to use bioinformatics portals and tools to mine plant versions of human genes. Student handout and teacher resource materials are available at www.Araport.org, Teaching Resources (Community tab). Suitable for grades 9-12 or first year undergraduate students.
Comparative genomics in eukaryotes, organelles
Comparative genomics involves comparing the genomic features of different organisms, such as DNA sequences, genes, and gene order. This field has revealed both similarities and differences between organisms that can provide insights into evolutionary relationships. Some of the first comparative genomic studies compared large DNA viruses. Since then, many complete genome sequences have been determined, including for yeast, fruit flies, worms, plants, mice, and humans. While humans have around 35,000 genes, complexity is not solely due to gene number. Comparative analysis of human and mouse genomes shows 40% sequence similarity and similar gene numbers, but different genome sizes. Mitochondrial genomes also yield insights when compared between domains of life. Computational tools like BLAST are used to facilitate genomic
the others our biased perspective
Understanding the origin and evolution of the eukaryotic cell and the full diversity of eukaryotes is relevant to many biological disciplines.
However, our current understanding of eukaryotic genomes is extremely biased, leading to a skewed view of eukaryotic biology.
We argue that a phylogeny-driven initiative to cover the full eukaryotic diversity is needed to overcome this bias.
•
◦There is an important bias in eukaryotic knowledge, affecting cultures and genomes.
Eukaryotic genomics are biased towards multicellular organisms and their parasites.
◦A phylogeny-driven initiative is needed to overcome the eukaryotic genomic bias.
◦We propose to sequence neglected cultures and increase culturing efforts.
◦Single-cell genomics should be embraced as a tool to explore eukaryotic diversity
Building Communities Around Ontology Development
Building Communities Around Ontology DevelopmentAIMS (Agricultural Information Management Standards)
This document discusses building communities around ontology development. It provides examples of gene ontologies, plant ontologies, and trait ontologies that are used to group genes and phenotypes. It also outlines how ontologies are developed, managed, and annotated through collaborations between various organizations. Ontology requests are monitored through bug tracking tools and mailing lists. Participation is encouraged to help drive ontology development and annotation.Major biological nucleotide databases
This document discusses major biological databases. It describes three types of biological databases: primary databases that contain original experimental data, secondary databases that contain additional derived information from primary databases, and composite databases that combine data from multiple sources. The document focuses on describing GenBank, a primary sequence database maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. It provides details on how sequences are submitted to GenBank and how entries are formatted, including information contained in various fields like LOCUS, DEFINITION, and FEATURES. The document also briefly introduces the European Molecular Biology Laboratory database, EMBL, which collaborates with GenBank and DDBJ to exchange nucleotide sequence data daily.
Bioinformatics .pptx
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field involving biology, computer science, mathematics and statistics. It addresses large-scale biological problems from a computational perspective. Common problems include modeling biological processes at the molecular level and making inferences from collected data. A bioinformatics solution typically involves collecting statistics from biological data, building a computational model, solving a computational problem, and testing the algorithm. Bioinformatics plays a role in areas like structural genomics, functional genomics and nutritional genomics. It is used for applications such as transcriptome analysis, drug discovery, cheminformatics analysis, and more. It is an important tool in fields like molecular medicine, gene therapy, microbial genome applications, antibiotic resistance, and evolutionary studies. Biological databases are important for organizing
Munoz torres web-apollo-workshop_exeter-2014_ss
This document provides an introduction and overview of a manual annotation workshop using the Web Apollo genome annotation tool. It discusses manual annotation and community-based curation efforts. The workshop aims to teach participants how to identify genes of interest, become familiar with Web Apollo, learn how to corroborate and modify gene models using evidence, and understand the genome annotation process from assembly to manual curation. The document outlines the workshop activities and provides guidance on using Web Apollo, including navigating the interface, editing annotations, and annotating simple cases by adding or modifying exons.
What's in a name? Better vocabularies = better bioinformatics?
Most of the pain and suffering that occurs in bioinformatics happens when database identifier 'A' in file 1, doesn't quite match database identifier 'B' in file 2...even when they are supposed to be the same identifier.
Things don't always match up for a number of reasons, most of which *should* be under our control. This talk covers a few points relating to this and briefly discusses how we should all be using curated ontologies to describe our data.
metagenomicsanditsapplications-161222180924.pdf
Shotgun metagenomics sequencing allows researchers to comprehensively sample all genes in organisms present in a complex sample without relying on cultivation. This approach provides insights into bacterial diversity, abundance, and unculturable microbes. Bioinformatics pipelines guide the optimized whole genome shotgun sequencing approach by performing tasks like quality control, assembly, binning, gene finding, fingerprinting, and phylogenetic analysis to study community diversity from fragmented metagenomic data. Metagenomics has applications in fields like drug discovery, bioremediation, agriculture, and understanding the human microbiome.
Metagenomics and it’s applications
Shotgun metagenomics sequencing allows researchers to comprehensively sample all genes in organisms present in a complex sample without culturing. This provides insights into bacterial diversity, abundance, and uncultured microbes. Bioinformatics pipelines guide analysis including quality filtering, assembly, binning, gene finding, fingerprinting, and phylogeny/diversity modeling to understand communities. Metagenomics has applications in antibiotic/drug discovery, bioremediation, agriculture, human microbiome mapping, and more. Tools like QIIME, Mothur, MEGAN, and MG-RAST facilitate large-scale metagenomic analysis.
BIOINFORMATICS Applications And Challenges
This is a complete summary of an introduction to Bioinformatics; Applications and Challenges for Advanced Biology students.
Web Apollo at Genome Informatics 2014
Precise elucidation of the many different biological features encoded in any genome requires careful examination and review by researchers, who gather and evaluate the available evidence to corroborate and modify gene predictions and other biological elements. This curation process allows them to resolve discrepancies and validate automated gene model hypotheses and alignments. This approach is the well-established practice for well-known genomes such as human, mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila, et cetera. Desktop Apollo was originally developed to meet these needs.
The cost of sequencing a genome has been dramatically reduced by several orders of magnitude in the last decade, and the natural consequence is that more and more researchers are sequencing more and more new genomes, both within populations and across species. Because individual researchers can now readily sequence many genomes of interest, the need for a universally accessible genomic curation tool logically follows. Each new exome or genome sequenced requires visualization and curation to obtain biologically accurate genomic features sets, even for limited set of genes, because computational genome analysis remains an imperfect art. Additionally, unlike earlier genome projects, which had the advantage of more highly polished genomes, recent projects usually have lower coverage. Therefore researchers now face additional work correcting for more frequent assembly errors and annotating genes split across multiple contigs.
Genome annotation is an inherently collaborative task; researchers only very rarely work in isolation, turning to colleagues for second opinions and insights from those with with expertise in particular domains and gene families. The new JavaScript based Apollo, allows researchers real-time interactivity, breaking down large amounts of data into manageable portions to mobilize groups of researchers with shared interests. We are also focused on training the next generation of researchers by reaching out to educators to make these tools available as part of curricula via workshops and webinars, and through widely applied systems such as iPlant and DNA Subway. Here we offer details of our progress.
Presentation at Genome Informatics, Session (3) on Databases, Data Mining, Visualization, Ontologies and Curation.
Authors: Monica C Munoz-Torres, Suzanna E. Lewis, Ian Holmes, Colin Diesh, Deepak Unni, Christine Elsik.
Transgenics plants
This document summarizes methods for genetically modifying plants. It discusses that plant cells are totipotent and can be cloned in the laboratory. Genetic modifications can be made in somatic plant cells that will be inherited by the whole plant. Methods for introducing DNA into plant cells include biolistics (gene guns), Agrobacterium-mediated transfer, and transferring genes between bacteria like E. coli and Agrobacterium through conjugation and mobilizable plasmids. Agrobacterium is particularly useful as it can transfer DNA segments into plant cells through a natural infection process.
Marine Host-Microbiome Interactions: Challenges and Opportunities
This document summarizes a talk given by Jonathan Eisen on marine host-microbiome interactions. It discusses various topics researched in Eisen's lab, including phylogenomic methods and tools, microbial phylogenomics and evolvability, reference data resources, communication in science, and model systems. Specific projects are mentioned, such as automated genome trees, phylogenetic marker genes, the GEBA project, and dark matter microbes. The document then introduces the concept of the host-microbiome stress triangle and gives examples of stress types including nutrient acquisition, pathogens, and environmental change. It concludes by discussing a potential project on seagrass microbiomes in collaboration with Jay Stachowicz's lab.
Working with Chromosomes
This presentation was created by Ioanna Leontiou and it is intended as a creative and flexible tool for students on Biological sciences who focus on the chromosome segregation. It is created to facilitate students performing research projects in our lab (especially during Covid restrictions), but it is suitable for every student who wants to learn more about chromosomes and the molecular mechanism controlling chromosome segregation. The presentation includes a generic overview of the cell division, illustrates the chromosome structure and provides molecular details of the spindle assembly checkpoint, an important pathway that ensures high fedility of chromosome segregation through mitosis. It also includes an introduction to some of the molecular biology techniques used in a yeast lab and incoporates some fluorescent microscopy images/videos. At the end of the presentantion there is a list of open access scientific publications for further reading on the the molecular mechanism of spindle checkpoint and some links of some very interesting sites, which include a range of videos on laboratory molecular biology techniques, research talks and guided papers. The purpose of this presentantion is to create a piece of work that students could return to when needed. Diagramms and illustrations are also encouranged to be used by scientists, science communicators and educators.
This presentation is licensed under a Creative Common Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0), unless otherwise stated on the specific slide.
Similar to Eumicrobedb - Oomycetes Genomics Database (20)
Apollo and i5K: Collaborative Curation and Interactive Analysis of Genomes
Apollo and i5K: Collaborative Curation and Interactive Analysis of Genomes
What's in a name? Better vocabularies = better bioinformatics?
What's in a name? Better vocabularies = better bioinformatics?
Marine Host-Microbiome Interactions: Challenges and Opportunities
Marine Host-Microbiome Interactions: Challenges and Opportunities
Recently uploaded
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Recently uploaded (20)
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Eumicrobedb - Oomycetes Genomics Database
- 1. EumicrobeDB : Oomycetes Genomics Database Arup Ghosh NP- 02 Working under the supervision of Dr. Sucheta Tripathy Computational Genomics Lab, IICB
- 2. Contents Introduction Life cycle Objective EumicrobeDB Tools Developed Future Work Summary Reference
- 3. Introduction Oömycetes ("commonly known as water molds") is a group of organisms related to diatoms and brown algae. Many are important pathogens of plants, causing several billions of dollars in crop loss each year.The oomycetes are also often referred to as water molds, although the water-preferring nature which led to that name is not true of most species, which are terrestrial pathogens. Recently, the complete genome sequence has been determined for several members of this group and their relatives.
- 6. Objective of Oomycete Genome Study Oomycetes evolved the ability to infect plants and animals independently of other eukaryotic microbes, and they have probably developed unique mechanisms of pathogenicity. With the availability of a respectable molecular toolbox and a multitude of gene sequences, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of infection by oomycetes. With the advancement in genomics study of Oomycetes we can determine the cause of pathogenesis and reduce the damage caused by this organisms.
- 7. Global Crop Loss Statistics
- 8. EumicrobeDB EumicrobeDB integrates whole genome sequence and annotation and also includes experimental and environmental isolate sequence data. The database includes comparative genomics, analysis of gene expression, and supplemental bioinformatics analyses and a web interface for data-mining. The web interface also allows users to upload and visualize genome feature files.
- 11. Synteny Viewer • The term ‘Synteny’ (or syntenic) refers to gene loci on the same chromosome regardless of whether or not they are genetically linked by classic linkage analysis. • ‘Synteny’ means ‘same thread’ (or ribbon), a state of being together in location, as synchrony would be together in time. • Nowadays the term ‘Synteny’ is often used to refer to gene loci in different organisms located on a chromosomal region of common evolutionary ancestry. Continued..
- 12. Synetny between P.sojae V1 scaffold_1 and P.sojae V5 Scaffold_1 Synetny between P.sojae V4 scaffold_1 and P.sojae V5 Scaffold_1
- 14. Query Page
- 15. 1. Go to query page. 3. Select Organism name from the drop down box. Default - Albugo laibachii Nc14 2. 4. Type annotation in the text box. 5. Click Search. Query search example with Annotation
- 16. Search Results
- 17. Future Work As new genome sequences of organisms belonging to this group are getting available, we are including them in EumicrobeDB database for comparative genomics analysis. We are also focused on improving the platform with new comparative genomics tools, algorithms to provide better visualization of genome data.
- 18. Conclusion With the advancement of plant pathogen genome study we can solve crop loss in developing countries like India without much investment on harmful pesticides. Furthermore comparative genomics can provide us information about commercially important secondary metabolites from different organisms.
- 19. Reference • Molecular Genetics of Pathogenic Oomycetes, Sophien Kamoun, Eukaryotic Cell April 2003 vol. 2 no. 2 191-199. • Dynamics and Innovations within Oomycete Genomes, Howard S. Judelson, Eukaryotic Cell November 2012 vol. 11 no. 11 1304-1312. • Insights from Sequencing Fungal and Oomycete Genomes, Darren M. Soanes, Plant Cell. 2007 Nov; 19(11): 3318–3326. • Oomycete Transcriptomics Database, Tripathy et al. BMC Genomics2012,13:303. • Common infection strategies of pathogenic eukaryotes, Kasturi Haldar, Sophien Kamoun,Nature Publishing Group, DECEMBER 2006 , VOLUME 4.