Factors affecting ethical development in an human behaviour
Individual Factors:-
Gender:-Women are generally more ethical than men.
Education or Work Expierience:-the more education or expierience is with an individual it helps him in making the decisions more easier,valuable and correct.
Identify ethical behavior and myths of ethics
Define the ethical dilemma
Familiar with resolving the dilemma
Identify the process of Ethical decision making
Identify ethical behavior and myths of ethics
Define the ethical dilemma
Familiar with resolving the dilemma
Identify the process of Ethical decision making
Chapter Twelve
Decision Making
Criminal Justice Organizations: Administration and Management
Learning Objectives
Be able to define decision making
Understand the basis for decision making rules of criminal justice practitioners
Understand the garbage can theory of decision making
Be able to briefly discuss the four types of criminal justice decision makers
Understand the major themes to improving criminal justice decisions
What is a Decision?
A decision is a judgment, a choice between alternatives (Houston, 1999).
Decisions are often made within the context of a theory or broad framework (paradigm).
Three kinds of information
An awareness of the alternatives
An awareness of the possible consequences of each alternative
The subject of the decision
What is a Decision?
Decision rules govern how the elements of the decision are combined.
In criminal justice many decisions are clinical and based on the decision makers education, training, and experience.
All decisions should be based on goals or preferred outcomes.
Feedback provides the opportunity to correct previously made decisions.
What is a Decision?
Decision Making Theory
Rationality to Garbage Cans
Initially, decision making was thought to be a rational process.
Later, March and Simon (1958) proposed that decisions are based on bounded rationality
Decision makers are unable to collect all the information they need to make a completely rational decision.
The result is satisfycing – taking the first acceptable solution that comes along.
“Garbage can” analogy – decision makers keep previously made decisions and use them as needed.
Decision Making Theory
Organizational Culture
Decisions are often influenced by the organizational culture.
“We’ve always done it that way.”
“It worked in the past.”
“If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.”
Organizations tend to define problems and identify solutions to problems based on deeply rooted values and beliefs.
Decision Making Theory
Politics
Politics is power and power influences decision making.
Internal politics – processes by which interested parties within the organization express their concern and seek implementation and acceptance of their ideas and practices.
External politics – consist of the influence that outside parties exert on the organization’s definition of mission, the appropriate types of operations the organization exhibits, and the directions it takes.
Characteristics of Decision Makers
Sequentialists – use their experience to determine what items of information are the most important to the decision.
Ah yes! – collect large amounts of information and search for patterns in that information.
Simplifier – reduces complex problems to their simplest form.
Ratifier – wait for comments by someone else and then associate themselves with that person’s viewpoint.
Decision Making Styles
Directive – make decisions and announce them, highly ta ...
Running head ATTORNEY CLIENT ETHICAL DECISIONS1ATTORNEY CLIE.docxsusanschei
Running head: ATTORNEY CLIENT ETHICAL DECISIONS
1
ATTORNEY CLIENT ETHICAL DECISIONS 7
Abstract
A brief discussion of the ethical decision making process is presented for understanding the process an attorney may experience while making a decision. Court appointed defense attorneys will face a series of ethical decision conundrums that will test the cornerstone of the member’s integrity. A brief discussion on ethical decision making, theory associated with decisions, and overall applicability to the decision making of the attorney. An example and discussion of using the normative decision model within the legal team organizational decision is presented, with the goal of adding theory to the overall ethical decision. Each attorney must continue to make the right choices without sacrificing the integrity of the case or client. Collective decision making requires the legal team to build on internal and external acquisition of knowledge to build on ideas concepts, fundamental change, and progress within the decision-making process. The knowledge acquired can be used to explore new processes, diffuse unwanted results, and apply new knowledge to methodology within the member and legal case.
Attorney Client Ethical Decisions
Ethical decision making within the legal system is a collaboration of choices that each lawyer must make to maintain the integrity of each court case and client. Many times, defense lawyers have clients that disclose incriminating information regarding case details and other criminal acts. Each lawyer must decide how to defend members that admit levels of guilt without sacrificing the laws of the land. Ethical decisions have a vital role in understanding the meaning of the legal decisions and the effect decisions have on the client.
Lawyers must understand their decisions to defend a client can determine actions regarding the outcome of a legal case. Legal teams must continue to practice making the right decision and not sacrifice their integrity for financial gain. As a result of obtaining information from a client that admits guilt prior to trail, the focus of the following discussion will target the decision process and ideals associated with decision making.
Ethical Decisions and Applicability
Ethical decision effectiveness is the cornerstone accomplishment for the member in the legal system. The outcome of a specific case is based on the success or failure of the legal team’s goals, objectives, and views presented during the court case. Each lawyer becomes successful by building upon experiences, situational understanding, and traits to produce the best method of decision making for the case. Ethical decisions include characteristics such as: moral stability, effective application of legal skills, confidence, strategic planning, situational based behaviors, integrity, and inspiration. These skill sets are just some of the expected traits a lawyer should have to move a legal team forward to success.
Although there i ...
Maun Sadhu
Head & Assistant Professor
Department of English
C.U. Shah Institute of Computer Application
C.U. Shah Institute of Science
maunsadhu@gmail.com
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Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Ethics
1.
2. Individual Factors:-
Gender:-Women are generally more
ethical than men.
Education or Work Expierience:-the
more education or expierience is with an
individual it helps him in making the
decisions more easier,valuable and
correct.
3. Nationality is due to the various
national barriers where the decision
rests upon the nationality.
Age:-The age makes an individual
more mature ,smart and decisive to
make conclusions.
4. External vs Internal Locus of Control
In External:-people do according to what
the external conditions tell them to do and
they see themselves going with the flow.
Internal Locus of Control:-people or
individual have a control of external
enviroment in themselves control the
situation,they control their lives by their
own efforts and skills.
5. The organization’s values often have
greater influence on decisions than
person’s own values.
The more ethical employers percieve an
organizational culture to be,they shall be
able to avoid the unethical decisions in
their proffesionalism.The organizational
employers should be able to avoid
unethical decisions in their
proffesionalism.
6. Indentify the ethical problem
Collect relevant information
Evaluate the information
Consider Alternatives
Make a decision
Act or implement
Review the action
7. They have to determine the ethical
principles,societal laws or orgnizational
procedures.
If there are potential consequences that
should be sought or avoided that emanate
from an action being considered to
resolve the problem.
8. The decision maker should seek to gather
as much information as possible about
which rights are being forsaken and to
what degree.
A consequential focus would prompt the
decision maker to attempt to measure the
type,degree,and the amount of harm
being inflicted on others.
9. Once the information has been
collected,the decision maker must apply
his decisive thinking as to come to various
conclusions which he has observed while
going through the information.
10. The decision maker might use one of the
predominant ethical theories –utilatarianism
rights,or justice.
11. Taking part in the issue or case and
changing the decisions/direction of what is
happening.
12. A decision maker selects a course of action
that is supported by all the ethical theories or
other evaluation criteria used in the decision
making process.
13. The decision maker,if truly seeking to resolve
the problem being considered,must take
action.
Once the action alternatives have been
decided the decision is taken up.
14. Once the decision has been taken,decision
maker should review the consequences of
the action.
If the optimal resolution to the problem is not
achieved,the decision maker may need to
modify the actions being taken or return to
beginning of the decision making procees.