This document discusses decision making in management. It defines decision making as the process of selecting a course of action from alternatives. It distinguishes problem analysis, which involves framing issues and criteria, from decision making, which focuses on choosing after gathering data. A major part of decision making is analyzing alternatives against criteria like costs, benefits, and alignment with preferences. Decision making styles can be psychological, cognitive, or normative. The document outlines a 7 step process for decision making: identify the decision, gather information, identify alternatives, weigh evidence, choose, take action, and review the decision.
Management and Decision making and Types of DecisionsRashed Barakzai
Level of Management Decision making.
Type of Decision ( Level of Management) .
Very well explain the seven stages of Effective Decision Making and Characteristic of Effective Information.
This Chapter includes information on Management and the decision-making process. there is information on what bases the organization takes a decision and how an effective decision is being taken. it also includes types of decision, Decision-making process, and charactristic of effective information.
Factors affecting ethical development in an human behaviour
Individual Factors:-
Gender:-Women are generally more ethical than men.
Education or Work Expierience:-the more education or expierience is with an individual it helps him in making the decisions more easier,valuable and correct.
Decision Making: Decision Making Process, Stages in Decision Making, Individu...Ashish Hande
Decision Making: Decision Making Process, Stages in
Decision Making, Individual and Organizational Decision
Making, Decision Making Models, Information System
support for Decision Making Phases
This is a ppt presentation about steps and types of decision making and it includes a short video about how in Australia some students are in the decision making procedure of hiring teachers
The decision-making process involves a series of steps
that individuals or organizations follow to make informed choices. While different models and frameworks exist, the general steps in the decision-making process can be summarized as follows:
Identifying the Decision: The first step is to clearly define and identify the decision that needs to be made
This involves understanding the problem or opportunity and determining the desired outcome.
Gathering Information: Once the decision is identified, relevant information needs to be collected. This may involve conducting research, seeking advice from experts, analyzing data, or gathering feedback from stakeholders.
Analyzing the Options: In this step, the available options or alternatives are evaluated. The pros and cons of each option are assessed, and their potential impact on the desired outcome and related factors are considered.
Evaluating Risks and Consequences: Decision-making involves assessing potential risks and consequences associated with each option. This may involve considering financial implications, resource allocation, time constraints, and potential impacts on stakeholders.
Weighing the Trade-offs: Decision-makers need to evaluate the trade-offs between different options. This involves considering the importance of different factors and determining which option best aligns with the overall goals and priorities.
Making the Decision: After considering all the relevant information, the decision-maker selects the best option or course of action. This decision should be based on a careful analysis of the available data and a consideration of the potential outcomes and consequences.
Implementing the Decision: Once the decision is made, it needs to be put into action. This may involve creating an action plan, allocating resources, assigning responsibilities, and setting timelines.
Monitoring and Evaluating: Decision-makers need to monitor the implementation of the decision and evaluate its effectiveness. This involves tracking progress, collecting feedback, and making adjustments if necessary.
Management and Decision making and Types of DecisionsRashed Barakzai
Level of Management Decision making.
Type of Decision ( Level of Management) .
Very well explain the seven stages of Effective Decision Making and Characteristic of Effective Information.
This Chapter includes information on Management and the decision-making process. there is information on what bases the organization takes a decision and how an effective decision is being taken. it also includes types of decision, Decision-making process, and charactristic of effective information.
Factors affecting ethical development in an human behaviour
Individual Factors:-
Gender:-Women are generally more ethical than men.
Education or Work Expierience:-the more education or expierience is with an individual it helps him in making the decisions more easier,valuable and correct.
Decision Making: Decision Making Process, Stages in Decision Making, Individu...Ashish Hande
Decision Making: Decision Making Process, Stages in
Decision Making, Individual and Organizational Decision
Making, Decision Making Models, Information System
support for Decision Making Phases
This is a ppt presentation about steps and types of decision making and it includes a short video about how in Australia some students are in the decision making procedure of hiring teachers
The decision-making process involves a series of steps
that individuals or organizations follow to make informed choices. While different models and frameworks exist, the general steps in the decision-making process can be summarized as follows:
Identifying the Decision: The first step is to clearly define and identify the decision that needs to be made
This involves understanding the problem or opportunity and determining the desired outcome.
Gathering Information: Once the decision is identified, relevant information needs to be collected. This may involve conducting research, seeking advice from experts, analyzing data, or gathering feedback from stakeholders.
Analyzing the Options: In this step, the available options or alternatives are evaluated. The pros and cons of each option are assessed, and their potential impact on the desired outcome and related factors are considered.
Evaluating Risks and Consequences: Decision-making involves assessing potential risks and consequences associated with each option. This may involve considering financial implications, resource allocation, time constraints, and potential impacts on stakeholders.
Weighing the Trade-offs: Decision-makers need to evaluate the trade-offs between different options. This involves considering the importance of different factors and determining which option best aligns with the overall goals and priorities.
Making the Decision: After considering all the relevant information, the decision-maker selects the best option or course of action. This decision should be based on a careful analysis of the available data and a consideration of the potential outcomes and consequences.
Implementing the Decision: Once the decision is made, it needs to be put into action. This may involve creating an action plan, allocating resources, assigning responsibilities, and setting timelines.
Monitoring and Evaluating: Decision-makers need to monitor the implementation of the decision and evaluate its effectiveness. This involves tracking progress, collecting feedback, and making adjustments if necessary.
Similar to Decision Making in Management trial.pptx (20)
2. Defining Decision Making
Decision making is the mental process of selecting a course
of action from a set of alternatives.
Decision making is the mental process of choosing from a set
of alternatives. Every decision-making process produces an
outcome that might be an action, a recommendation, or an
opinion.
3. Difference Between Problem Analysis and
Decision Making
Decisions are commonly focused on a problem or challenge.
Decision makers must gather and consider data before making a choice.
Problem analysis involves framing the issue by defining its boundaries, establishing
criteria with which to select from alternatives, and developing conclusions based on
available information.
4. Analysis of Alternatives
A major part of decision making involves the analysis of a defined
set of alternatives against selection criteria.
These criteria usually include costs and benefits, advantages and
disadvantages, and alignment with preferences.
Time limits and personal emotions also play a role in the process
of choosing between alternatives.
5. Decision-making Styles
Psychological: Decisions derived from the needs, desires, preferences, and/or values of the
individual making the decision.
Cognitive: This is an integrated feedback system between the individual/organization making
a decision, and the broader environment’s reactions to those decisions.
Normative: In many ways, decision making (particularly in groups, such as within an
organization) is about communicative rationality.
6.
7. Step 1: Identify the decision
You realize that you need to make a decision. Try to clearly
define the nature of the decision you must make. This first
step is very important.
8. Step 2: Gather relevant information
Collect some pertinent information before you make your
decision: what information is needed, the best sources of
information, and how to get it.
9. Step 3: Identify the alternatives
As you collect information, you will probably identify several
possible paths of action, or alternatives. You can also use
your imagination and additional information to construct
new alternatives. In this step, you will list all possible and
desirable alternatives.
10. Step 4: Weigh the evidence
Draw on your information and emotions to imagine what it would be like
if you carried out each of the alternatives to the end.
Evaluate whether the need identified in Step 1 would be met or resolved
through the use of each alternative.
Finally, place the alternatives in a priority order, based upon your own
value system.
11. Step 5: Choose among alternatives
Once you have weighed all the evidence, you are ready to select the
alternative that seems to be best one for you.
You may even choose a combination of alternatives.
12. Step 6: Take action
You’re now ready to take some positive action by beginning
to implement the alternative you chose in Step 5.
13. Step 7: Review your decision & its
consequences
In this final step, consider the results of your decision and evaluate
whether or not it has resolved the need you identified in Step 1.
If the decision has not met the identified need, you may want to repeat
certain steps of the process to make a new decision.
