This document provides an agenda and overview for a Smart Grid Boot Camp workshop. The agenda covers power system fundamentals, smart grid devices, field area network communications, and enterprise integration. Characteristics of the modern smart grid are outlined, including enabling consumer participation and optimizing asset utilization. The goals of the workshop are also presented, which are to introduce non-power engineers to energy infrastructure and key smart grid technologies and standards. An overview of smart devices, communications networks, and utility applications is then provided.

1. Smart Grid Boot Camp
Erich W. Gunther
Chairman and CTO
EnerNex Corporation

2. Agenda
• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1)
• 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model
• 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid
• 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications
• Noon – Enterprise Integration
• 12:20 – Q&A
• 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

3. Characteristics of the Modern Grid
• Enable active participation by consumers
• Accommodate all generation and storage options
• Enable new products, services, and markets
• Provide power quality for the needs of a digital economy
• Optimize asset utilization and operating efficiency
• Anticipate and respond in a self-healing manner
• Operate resiliently in disasters, physical or cyber attacks

4. Goals of this Workshop
• Introduce non‐power engineers to power
systems infrastructure
• Introduc5on to energy infrastructure
communica5ons and integra5on
• Provide an overview of the key technologies
that compose a typical smart grid
• Introduce key standards that will underpin the
smart grid in the US
• Introduce the key smart grid organiza5ons
and provide a pointer to involvement

5. IEEE Smart Grid Video

6. Agenda
• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1)
• 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model
• 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid
• 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications
• Noon – Enterprise Integration
• 12:20 – Q&A
• 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

7. NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model

9. Generation: Primary US Energy Sources
– 51% Coal
– 21% Nuclear
– 17% Natural Gas
Source: Energy Information Administration
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pecss_diagram.html – 9% Renewables
– 2% Petroleum

11. Transmission Electricity Highways
Cmai Cana Nort
33 28 74
Mont
63
John Dall
72 68
Hayd Coro
9 2
Eldo
131
Fcng
7
Teva
111
WECC Reduced Model
Lite
133 “Grid” Structure
Source: http://www.nerc.com/fileUploads/File/
AboutNERC/maps/
NERC_Interconnections_color.jpg
Source: Copyright © 1999 Aaron F. Snyder-Used with permission

13. Distribution: Electricity Roads
Sink(s)
Source
Source
(open)
“Radial” Structure with presumed source and sink
Simplifies protection design, conductor layout
Source: Gerry T. Heydt, ASU, used with permission

14. Distribution: Substation Anatomy
The substation is the transmission to distribution “interface”
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
14

16. Intelligently Connecting the Utility to Customers
• Enable Energy Smart Customers
– Integrated information from utility
– Payment options (e.g., pre-payment)
– Outage & service condition information
– Support rate option innovations
• Manage Distributed Resources
– Economic dispatch of load resources
– Dispatch of load for grid management
– Intelligent net metering
– Management of distributed energy
resources
• Operational Efficiencies
– Field communication links to distribution
– Revenue cycle improvements
– Situational data in near real-time
– Wholesale - retail markets integration
• Built with the future in mind
– Upgradeable WAN/HAN communications
– Leverage open architecture principles in
system design
– Future customer service offerings Source: Southern California Edison

17. Example of a Sophisticated Single Residence Building-
integrated Power System (BIPS)
Fuel (propane) Recovered Heat
5 kW PV
Array Master
IC G 5 kW
System
Engine Generator
Controller
Ultra-capacitor DC Voltage
Regulator and
Storage bank Charging DC Bus AC Bus
control
Heat DC to AC
recovery Inverter
DC Loads
Space Heating and
Hot Water assist
Heat Hot Potable
Combination Air- Ducts Water
High
conditioning Unit, Heat Space Heat Water Efficiency
Pump, Hot water heat
Heat To Water Heater Heater/ Lighting
Recovery System
Storage
Primary House
Cooling Backup Burner Heat Pump
Non-Usable
Thermal Exhaust Based Clothes
Fuel
Dryer
Fuel
Backup Burner
Additional House Cooling
Source: Galvin Initiative

18. Source: NIST

19. North American Markets
Source: FERC
http://www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/indus-act/rto/rto-map.asp

20. Regions and Balancing Authorities
Source: NERC, used with permission
http://www.nerc.com/fileUploads/File/AboutNERC/maps/NERC_Regions_BA.jpg 20

22. Example of Primary Network Micro-Grid Suitable for Very
High Reliability Applications
HSPD = High Speed Heat District Heat
Protection and switching Inverter
Hospital (1 MW) Zone
1200 kW Small
Device Business
Fuel Cell Loads Under
Stack 50 kW Each
Primary Point of separation
during micro-grid mode
HSPD
Heat
HSPD Flow
Substation HSPD
25 kW
HSPD Wind
HSPD HSPD
115 kV Bulk HSPD
Utility Small Factory 4000 kW
Supply HSPD Operated PV
(1 MW) Ge Utility Owned
750 kW n Plant
13.2 kV ICE
To Bulk Supply static switch HSPD Engin
HSPD
Control Center controller with e
13.2 kV Underground
Islanding
control
Office
Small Factory Communication
Building
(2 MW) (1.25 MW) and Control Link
Central or
Gen Heat
Distributed 2500 kW
Heat
Control for Customer ICE
Engine
Owned PV 250
Micro-grids Storage Based kW
(coordinates generation, power
Stabilization
quality, HSPD, loads and thermal Device
energy)
Source: Galvin Initiative
22

24. Example of Residential Micro-Grids
An efficient and reliable micro-
grid doesn’t need to be large or
overly complex.
This could be several homes or
several hundred homes – the
generation & storage would
simply be scaled to
accommodate the load.
Source: Galvin Initiative
24

25. Agenda
• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1)
• 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model
• 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid
• 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications
• Noon – Enterprise Integration
• 12:20 – Q&A
• 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

26. Smart Devices for the Smart Grid
Erich W. Gunther
erich@enernex.com

27. 27

28. Dynamic Line Rating Methods
1. Tension Monitoring
2. Weather Monitoring
3. Sag Monitoring
4. Line Temperature Monitoring
5. Thermal Rate Monitoring
6. New Technologies
7. Integrated Model

29. New Technologies
EPRI Vision of
advanced
transmission line
monitoring and
sensors

30. Substation
The substation is the transmission to distribution “interface”
30

31. Transformer Condition Assessment:
Advanced Sensors
Benefits
– Reduced cost
Solid-state
Gas-in-oil sensors
Fiber-optic – Online
partial discharge
On-Line
Frequency
detection – Less data
Response intensive
Analysis
– More accurate
On-Line LTC
– Improved
Gas-in-oil and
contact wear
prediction
24/7 InfraRed monitoring
Wireless Mesh
sensors
3D Acoustic Emission
UHF Partial Discharge
defect location
(Future Research)

33. Disconnect Temperature/Current Sensor Installation

34. RFID-type sensors (backscatter sensors)

35. Data collection from backscatter sensors
Interrogator
Antennas

36. Advanced Event Signature Analysis
Waveform 1
Waveform 2

37. On Line Infrared systems

38. Field Data
Access
Architecture
1. Enterprise Information
Bus
2. Generic Interface
Definition (GID)
3. IEC 61850 to CIM
Translator
4. Operational
applications
5. Real-Time Operations
Bus
6. Utility Identity
Management
7. Proxy & WAN Gateway
8. WAN
9. Cyber security
10. Substation Gateway
11. Substation LAN
12. Substation IEDs
13. Feeder IEDs
14. Consumer devices
15. Mobile work force

39. Challenges
• Tower of Babel
– Hundreds of communications methods – mostly
proprietary, mostly insecure, mostly not scalable
– Even when standards based, there are multiple
standards and few well defined information models
• Difficult to make the business case to integrate
and interoperate
– A historical problem for substation automation
– Becoming easier for asset management – preventing a
single large transformer failure can save millions

40. Motivation to Get it Right

42. Hot Topic Utility Applications
• General Conservation
• Minimize customer energy & carbon footprint
• Demand Management
• Grid Cost Reduction
• Grid Reliability & Stability Increase
• Demand Generation Avoidance
• Demand Consumption
• Build an Energy Information Economy
• Create a Home Energy Services Market
• AMI Tunneling and Submetering

43. Hot Topic Customer Applications
• Appliances that ‘Do the Right Thing’
• Electric Usage Awareness & Understanding
• Consumption Behavior Modification
• Utility Program Participation
• Home Automation for Comfort and Conservation
• Integrating Solar & Wind at the Home
• Integrating PEVs & PHEVs
• Distributed Storage
• Many Others…

44. Smarter Devices
• Water Management
– Mange hot water production more intelligently
– Pool pump controls
• HVAC
– Smarter thermostats: comfort, efficiency and grid-aware
• Storage
– When appliances can’t or won’t shed, grid reliability can still
be achieved. PEVs, big batteries, other.
• Lighting
– Tightly manage lights fixtures and natural light/heat sources
• Energy Management Home Automation Systems
– Portals, Displays, and Set Top Boxes
• Smart Appliances
– Coordinated, time, event, and price aware

45. Consumption Understanding
• Utilities Sell Electricity in many ways but have
little concept of how individual customers use it
• Customers Use Products & Services… but
have little concept of electricity use or value
• Products & Services use electricity… but
have little concept of how and when to conserve
• Energy Services bridge the gaps by giving
the customer the ability to meet demand
requirements and personal goals regardless

46. Architecting Energy Services
• Access
• Connect energy services to energy consumers
• Understanding
• Help consumers understand usage
• Help consumers understand behavior
• Remediation
• Help a customer know what to do next
• Enable the next step
• Automate the next step?

47. Energy Service Experience
• Screw up the energy service
experience, and:
HAN devices end up in a drawer OR
service phone calls are made AND
Investment is Lost!

48. Agenda
• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1)
• 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model
• 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid
• 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications
• Noon – Enterprise Integration
• 12:20 – Q&A
• 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

49. Erich W. Gunther – Chairman and CTO
EnerNex Corporation
erich@enernex.com
A Focus on Requirements and Systems Engineering

50. NIST SG Conceptual Model

51. Smart Grid Communications Ecosystem

52. Lots of Choices
 IEEE 802.xx
 IEEE 802.11 – WiFi
 IEEE 802.15.1 ‐> Bluetooth
 IEEE 802.15.4 ‐> ZigBee
 IEEE 802.16 ‐> WiMax
 IEEE 802.yy – Other wireless
 IEEE 802.11i – wireless security
 GPRS mobile data networks
 ISA SP100 Wireless Specifications
 Multiple Address Radio Systems (MAS)
 Proprietary unlicensed band radio systems
 IEEE P1777 – Recommended Practices for Wireless
Systems

53. Too much focus on the tech
 Mesh versus p‐p, p‐mp
 Licensed versus unlicensed
 802.15 versus 802.16
 IPv4 versus IPv6
 Public versus private

54. Focus on the applications
 Meter reading
 Demand response
 Distribution automation
 feeder device status polling
 Peer‐to‐peer protection schemes
 Substation automation
 Control house to in yard asset sensors
 Substation to distribution feeder links
 Video / thermal imaging

55. Widely differing requirements
 Bandwidth
 Latency
 Reliability – redundancy, SPOF
 Manageability
 Security + privacy
 Environmental hardening
 Cost
 Technology longevity

56. One size may not fit all
 No fundamental reason that one network
technology has to be used to form the field
area network architecture
 The application requirements including
lifetime management should dictate
 Example: using a combination of WiMax,
802.15g, and licensed MAS radio may be an
acceptable solution for a comprehensive
application deployment

57. Conclusions
 Focus on applications and their requirements
 One vendor/technology may not be sufficient
 Technology will change – plan on it
 Ensure components interoperate
 Ensure you can manage the FAN
 Engineer the SYSTEM not the TECH
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zB4‐mBQPd7k

58. Agenda
• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1)
• 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model
• 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid
• 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications
• Noon – Enterprise Integration
• 12:20 – Q&A
• 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch

59. Smart Grid Workshop
Systems Integration
Erich W. Gunther
Chairman and CTO
EnerNex Corporation
erich@enernex.com

60. Today: Building Isolated Systems
• Utilities currently tend to
Energy
develop intelligent
Markets systems in isolation
• For example, AMR and
participation in energy
markets
• Neither project is typically
developed with the other
in mind.
AMR

61. One-Off Integration
• Integration is
Energy typically done
Markets
after the fact
• Cost is
significant
AMR

62. Doing it the Next Time
• Now want to link in
new systems
Energy Outage
• Must first make the
Markets Management
old system
expandable
• Then must do
another “one-off”
integration
AMR SCADA

63. And again…
Energy Outage Real-Time
Markets Management Contingency
AMR SCADA Protection

64. And then you remember…
Energy Outage Real-Time
Markets Management Contingency Security
AMR SCADA Protection

65. A Better Way: Top-Down Design
• Define standardized interfaces first
• Incorporate security, network
Energy management and other strategies
Markets right from the beginning
• Initial costs are a bit more than
one-off integration, but not much
more
Security • New applications can build directly
Network Management
Data Management
to the new architecture
AMR

66. A Better Way: The Next Phase
• Can re-use the
development from
Energy Outage the first phase
Markets Management
• Expansion was
expected
• Adaptation to legacy
Security
Network Management
systems was
Data Management planned in advance
• Overall costs much
lower
AMR
SCADA

67. A Better Way: And so on…
• Benefits
INCREAS
Energy Outage Real-Time
Markets Management Contingency E with
time
• Opposite
Security
Network Management
of the old
Data Management
way
AMR
SCADA Protection

68. NIST Conceptual Model
Source: NIST
68

69. Smart Grid Data Explosion
New devices in the home
enabled by the smart meter
Annual Rate of Data Intake 
800 TB
600 TB
OMS Upgrade PCTs Come On-line
RTU Upgrade
400 TB
Mobile Data Goes Live AMI Deployment
You are here.
Distribution Management Rollout
200 TB
GIS System Deployment
Time  Substation Automation System
Advanced Distribution Automation
Workforce Management Project

70. Intelligent
Industry

71. The Methodology
6

72. The CIM - Common Systems Language for Utilities
• The same dictionary is
used for multiple forms of
human communication:
– Letters
– Phone calls
– Conversations
– Emails
– Etc.
• In similar manner, the
same CIM is used for
multiple forms of
computer communication:
– XML
– RDF One Dictionary
– OWL Supports Many
Forms of Communication
– DDL
– Etc.
72

73. AMI Enterprise Integration

74. Will it ever work together?
• How does one validate a real world end to end
integration?
• How does one validate integration with many vendors?
• How does one validate usability and simplicity overall?
• How does one validate real world security?
• There are 3100+ utilities
• There are many regulatory, ISO and RTO models
• There is retail, wholesale, regulated and deregulated
models
• There are Commercial, Industrial, and Residential
models
• The need for standards and interoperability

75. The Smart Grid Labs (north campus)
• Scalability test equipment (meter to backend and multivendor)
• SCADA FEP, networks, cap banks, reclosers, switches, sensors
• 7 AMI network vendors, 4 Meter vendors
• Multiple Appliance vendors (refrigerators, stoves, TVs, Washers,
Dryers, Hot Water heaters), many In Home Displays, Gateways,
Thermostats, etc.
• Many backhaul vendors (public, private)
• Many local premises network types (wired, wireless)
• Many backend systems (SAP, OMS, reporting, billing, etc.)
– Messages to devices
– Meter disconnects
– On Demand Reads

76. Conclusion
• Many of the integration standards we need are
already there (e.g. the CIM)
• There are different needs in different environments
– Define new applications and procedures
– Agree on common information models
– Create define new protocols
– Develop new technologies
– Apply systems engineering discipline
• Each of these tasks comes with a cost
• Standards provide the most benefit when
implemented frequently and pervasively
• Need a cost-benefit analysis
• Which are the easiest to justify (LHF)?
• NIST roadmap leading the way

77. Thank you!
• Questions!
• Further questions and comments:
– erich@enernex.com
77

78. Wrap-up
Where to Learn More
• UCA International Users’ Group
– http://www.ucaiug.org
• International Electrotechnical Commission
– http://www.iec.ch
• Electric Power Research Institute
– http://www.epri.com
• IntelliGrid Consortium and Architecture
– http://intelligrid.epri.com
• IEEE Smart Grid
– http://smartgrid.ieee.org
Copyright © 2010 EnerNex Corporation 78

79. Wrap-up
Contact Information
• Erich W. Gunther
EnerNex Corporation
620 Mabry Hood Road, Suite 300
Knoxville, TN 37932
Phone +1-865-218-4600, ext. 6114
erich@enernex.com
http://www.enernex.com/staff/staff_erich.htm
Copyright © 2010 EnerNex Corporation 79