The document summarizes renovations made to the Janesville Ice Arena in Wisconsin, including installing a pond loop geothermal refrigeration system. The system uses an adjacent pond as a heat source and sink for the ice rink's refrigeration system. Other upgrades included a new ice sheet, hot water heating system, and fire protection system. The renovations reduced the arena's energy use intensity by 24.1% and annual natural gas use by 33.5% compared to before the renovations. The pond loop geothermal system provides cost and environmental benefits over a conventional refrigeration system.
The Blackstone South Office Building in Cambridge, MA underwent renovations in 2006 to consolidate Harvard University administrative offices into three historic industrial buildings. It received LEED Platinum certification for its sustainable features like geothermal heating/cooling, daylighting, and materials reuse. After occupancy, energy use was higher than modeled but commissioning reduced it by 20%. In 2012 it became double LEED Platinum certified under the Operations & Maintenance rating system due to ongoing energy efficiency improvements and sustainable operations practices.
This document discusses the history and capabilities of a patented Cool Building System (CBS). It describes how CBS uses passive cooling techniques, such as z-shaped steel roof purlins with holes, to efficiently cool buildings. It also discusses how CBS provides modular, sustainable designs to reduce energy loads in residential and commercial buildings. CBS aims to lower cooling costs in agricultural applications like dairy farms and poultry sheds. The system integrates solar panels and thermal systems to further reduce energy usage and costs for commercial clients.
The document describes Crystal Hot Springs, a series of natural warm springs and ponds in Draper, Utah that have been used since pioneer times. It faces development pressure but may be suitable for more intensive use. The springs are located within an intersecting fault system and fed by mountain rainfall through fractured bedrock. Several businesses currently use the geothermal water, but long-term flow adequacy is uncertain due to groundwater decline from regional pumping and development. Water rights will be an important consideration for future use of the resource.
This document presents research on designing pig housing systems to better adapt to climate change in major pig production regions of the U.S. It describes the objectives of developing a swine finishing barn that reduces the environmental footprint and emissions by 50% while improving pig performance. Four barn design options are provided that vary the flooring and heating/cooling systems. Economic modeling estimates the options could increase profit per pig by $3-$8 compared to traditional tunnel ventilated barns, with payback periods of 6-13 years. The research aims to provide guidance on retrofitting existing barns to be more efficient and reduce emissions.
The Earth Rangers Center uses a geothermal system to accomplish free cooling. 44 vertical boreholes were drilled down 120 meters beneath the parking lot to form the ground loop. In free cooling mode, a circulator pump directs water through a heat exchanger to cool interior spaces without using the chiller. This allows cooling of the 60,000 square foot facility with only 18 horsepower, providing large energy and cost savings over mechanical cooling. While geothermal free cooling has high upfront costs, it can significantly reduce operating costs at the Earth Rangers Center through prolonged use of sustainable cooling technology.
Gi energy renewable energy opportunities with infrastructure projects june ...GI Energy
Installing renewable energy technologies into major infrastructure projects can provide opportunities for providing reduced CO2 savings and life cycle run costs adding a significant green element to a project..
This presentation explores the challenges and opportunities in achieving energy savings in multifamily buildings from an “on the ground” perspective. Utilizing case studies and examples from recent CEE research and energy efficiency programs, this presentation provides an overview of technologies and strategies that have proven to be effective and marketable energy efficiency measures in MN multifamily buildings, including; ventilation system retrofits, optimizing boiler control systems, optimizing condensing boilers, retrofitting trash chutes, and adding demand-based controls to domestic hot water recirculation pumps.
The Blackstone South Office Building in Cambridge, MA underwent renovations in 2006 to consolidate Harvard University administrative offices into three historic industrial buildings. It received LEED Platinum certification for its sustainable features like geothermal heating/cooling, daylighting, and materials reuse. After occupancy, energy use was higher than modeled but commissioning reduced it by 20%. In 2012 it became double LEED Platinum certified under the Operations & Maintenance rating system due to ongoing energy efficiency improvements and sustainable operations practices.
This document discusses the history and capabilities of a patented Cool Building System (CBS). It describes how CBS uses passive cooling techniques, such as z-shaped steel roof purlins with holes, to efficiently cool buildings. It also discusses how CBS provides modular, sustainable designs to reduce energy loads in residential and commercial buildings. CBS aims to lower cooling costs in agricultural applications like dairy farms and poultry sheds. The system integrates solar panels and thermal systems to further reduce energy usage and costs for commercial clients.
The document describes Crystal Hot Springs, a series of natural warm springs and ponds in Draper, Utah that have been used since pioneer times. It faces development pressure but may be suitable for more intensive use. The springs are located within an intersecting fault system and fed by mountain rainfall through fractured bedrock. Several businesses currently use the geothermal water, but long-term flow adequacy is uncertain due to groundwater decline from regional pumping and development. Water rights will be an important consideration for future use of the resource.
This document presents research on designing pig housing systems to better adapt to climate change in major pig production regions of the U.S. It describes the objectives of developing a swine finishing barn that reduces the environmental footprint and emissions by 50% while improving pig performance. Four barn design options are provided that vary the flooring and heating/cooling systems. Economic modeling estimates the options could increase profit per pig by $3-$8 compared to traditional tunnel ventilated barns, with payback periods of 6-13 years. The research aims to provide guidance on retrofitting existing barns to be more efficient and reduce emissions.
The Earth Rangers Center uses a geothermal system to accomplish free cooling. 44 vertical boreholes were drilled down 120 meters beneath the parking lot to form the ground loop. In free cooling mode, a circulator pump directs water through a heat exchanger to cool interior spaces without using the chiller. This allows cooling of the 60,000 square foot facility with only 18 horsepower, providing large energy and cost savings over mechanical cooling. While geothermal free cooling has high upfront costs, it can significantly reduce operating costs at the Earth Rangers Center through prolonged use of sustainable cooling technology.
Gi energy renewable energy opportunities with infrastructure projects june ...GI Energy
Installing renewable energy technologies into major infrastructure projects can provide opportunities for providing reduced CO2 savings and life cycle run costs adding a significant green element to a project..
This presentation explores the challenges and opportunities in achieving energy savings in multifamily buildings from an “on the ground” perspective. Utilizing case studies and examples from recent CEE research and energy efficiency programs, this presentation provides an overview of technologies and strategies that have proven to be effective and marketable energy efficiency measures in MN multifamily buildings, including; ventilation system retrofits, optimizing boiler control systems, optimizing condensing boilers, retrofitting trash chutes, and adding demand-based controls to domestic hot water recirculation pumps.
Water Efficiency in Thermal power PlantAtanu Maity
This document summarizes cooling technology options for thermal power plants in India and their relative costs and impacts. It discusses that water is essential for thermal power generation but many existing plants face water shortages. Wet cooling systems like induced draft and natural draft cooling towers are most common, but dry cooling using air-cooled condensers is an option where water is extremely limited. Dry cooling systems have higher capital and operating costs and lower efficiency however. The document recommends wet cooling towers for most Indian plants to reduce water use while maintaining efficiency.
The document outlines One Planet Renovations' approach to sustainable building and retrofitting through their BuildGreen Solutions consulting services. It discusses their focus on zero carbon, zero waste, and local sustainable materials principles. Sample projects are highlighted that achieved net zero energy and waste goals through super insulation, solar thermal, photovoltaics, and on-site wastewater treatment. Lessons learned emphasize assembling an experienced team committed to ambitious sustainability targets, allowing extra time for design and procurement, and clearly defining contractual responsibilities.
Solarsa Inc. is a company located in Tampa, FL that designs, manufactures, and integrates solar energy solutions including absorption chillers, electric chillers, solar panels, and control systems. They also provide renewable energy integration with building management systems using the Tridium Niagara framework. Some of their project examples include residential and commercial solar cooling and hot water systems in Florida, California, and Oklahoma. Solarsa also offers system design, equipment, installation, and long-term maintenance contracts.
This document summarizes research on cold-climate air-source heat pumps conducted in Minnesota homes. Eight heat pumps were monitored, including six ducted whole-home systems and two ductless mini-split systems. The heat pumps performed well down to 5-10 degrees Fahrenheit for ducted systems and below -13F for ductless. Annual COPs were 1.2-2.1, providing energy savings of 40-60% compared to electric resistance or propane heating. Paybacks were estimated at 6 years or less when paired with replacing an existing heating or cooling system. Further research is needed to optimize controls and expand applications to multifamily buildings.
Energy Services Contractors - A Case Study in Energy EfficiencyMcKenney's Inc
2500 Windy Ridge Parkway — A Showcase in Energy Efficiency. The McKenney’s in-house design engineering team developed a comprehensive energy model of the building to analyze and compare multiple upgrade options, including alternative plant configurations and chiller efficiencies.
The document summarizes upgrades to the chiller plant and chilled water distribution system serving the 12-building DuPage County Governmental Complex in Wheaton, Illinois. The upgrades included installing a hybrid system with both electric centrifugal and gas-fired absorption chillers, connected in parallel to a 1.2-million gallon chilled water storage tank. This configuration provides flexibility to take advantage of off-peak electric rates and allows chilled water to be "banked" overnight for use the following day. It also improved system reliability, efficiency, and the county's ability to reduce energy costs through demand response.
This document summarizes the renewable energy systems installed at Fort Huachuca over 35 years, including solar water heating and photovoltaic systems. It describes the design, installation, performance, and lessons learned from various projects such as a 2000 sq ft unglazed solar collector system installed in 1980 to heat an indoor pool, saving over 8000 therms annually. It also discusses a 900 sq ft glazed solar domestic hot water system installed in 1981, and ongoing efforts to repair and upgrade aging renewable systems at the base.
Derek Hendry has over 15 years of experience as a project manager and mechanical engineer designing HVAC, plumbing, and fire suppression systems for a variety of project types. He specializes in designing resource efficient and sustainable mechanical systems, and has experience with LEED certified projects. Notable projects he has worked on include healthcare facilities, educational buildings, commercial and office spaces, and industrial facilities.
MEC 422 - Energy Recovery from an Electrical Generating FacilityLuis Lituma
The document describes a project to recover waste heat from the exhaust and radiators of four 185 kW diesel engines at an electrical generating facility. It is proposed to use heat exchangers to transfer the heat from the exhaust and radiators to water in order to heat it. The goal is to maximize the outlet temperature of the water. City water supply will be used, and flow rate and pressure specifications are provided. The design of the heat recovery system aims to minimize costs while maximizing harvested energy, with specifications regarding durability, maintenance, and heat transfer efficiency. A suitable heat exchanger model is selected for modification to meet the project needs.
Homeowners with natural gas water heaters have difficulty justifying the expense of a more efficient condensing heater. Combination space and domestic hot water systems bundle together the two loads, which saves energy and makes them more cost-effective. These systems also help eliminate combustion safety concerns.
Historically, mechanical contractors have custom engineered and pieced together combi systems in the field, paying little attention to efficiency and optimization. But condensing heating plants will only reach their energy saving potential when all components are designed and installed correctly.
This document contains diagrams and specifications for the district cooling system that serves several DLF buildings in Cyber City District. It details the equipment used in each building, including gas turbines, generators, absorption chillers. It notes that the system provides 40MW of power and 18,100 tons of cooling to various buildings through natural gas power generation and waste heat recovery from exhaust. An economic comparison shows that distributed cogeneration with absorption chillers provides energy savings of 20-25% over conventional electrical chillers.
Barangaroo South District Cooling Plant (DCP) Fact SheetDeanDallwitz
Something I'm pretty proud of. Heat load still growing as the precinct gets built out, but already hitting CoP's HVAC Engineers only dream about. This is a major contributor to the Carbon Neutral, Zero Waste and Water Positive commitments for the Barangaroo South District and a bespoke project I led with some very talented Lendlease engineers. Yes designed by Lendlease and built by Lendlease. This is the only one like it in the world!
This webinar discussed research into optimizing the operation of indoor public pool facilities in Minnesota to save energy. The research characterized over 2,000 indoor pools statewide, conducted in-depth evaluations at 6 sites, and identified key savings opportunities. Statewide, HVAC control upgrades had the largest potential savings. Operational improvements like adjusting temperature and humidity setpoints and installing pool covers could also significantly reduce energy use. The webinar provided recommendations for utility programs and introduced guides developed for pool operators and recommissioning providers.
The document describes various renewable energy and energy efficiency systems that can be used to heat, cool, and power buildings, including solar thermal panels, geothermal systems, HVAC systems with particle removal, and predictive energy management systems. It provides details on specific technologies like PACT particle removal, QairTerminal HVAC systems, geothermal heating/cooling using Hardin tubes, and LED lighting. Examples are given of both commercial and residential buildings fully powered by renewable energy and cooled by the earth.
Rock Valley College - Chilled Beams Lesson LearnedIllinois ASHRAE
Chilled beams lessons learned from Rock Valley College presented at the Illinois Chapter of ASHRAE February 8, 2011 by Dan Comperchio, PE and Adam McMillen, PE of KJWW Engineering Consultants.
This document discusses renewable energy opportunities available through infrastructure projects using ground source heat pump technology. It provides an overview of GI Energy's experience with ground source heat pumps and energy foundations. Specifically, it details a case study of their work installing geothermal loops into the foundations of the Crossrail project in London. The loops capture renewable geothermal energy that can be used for heating and cooling the new train stations. The document outlines the technical design and installation process for the foundation loops at various Crossrail station sites.
PCM Thermal Energy Storage Systems; Ashrae 2004 Conference PaperZafer Ure
The document discusses positive temperature eutectic (PCM) thermal energy storage systems. It begins by explaining the disadvantages of conventional water-ice storage systems, which require low-temperature chillers. The document then introduces positive temperature eutectic solutions, which can freeze and melt above 0°C, overcoming these disadvantages. Various PCM mixtures are presented, along with encapsulation techniques to contain them. The document argues that PCM storage enables higher evaporator temperatures and lower condenser pressures, improving energy efficiency. A variety of applications are proposed, including utilizing chilled water and refrigeration temperature ranges for charging.
The document provides energy usage and portfolio information for the Prescott Service Center building. It details the building size, energy sources, current energy consumption, improvement opportunities in building envelop, solar power, and lighting. Implementing improvements in building envelop, installing solar panels, and switching to LED lighting can reduce annual energy consumption by over 342,000 kWh and save over $37,000 per year while achieving payback periods of less than 10 years for the investments.
IRJET- A Review of Solar Water Heater Performance FactorsIRJET Journal
This document reviews several factors that affect the performance of flat plate solar water heaters, including the type of fins, number of passes through the collector, absorber plate material selection, and mass flow rate. Specifically, it discusses research showing that collectors with inverted modified fins produced higher outlet water temperatures than those with standard fins. Studies also found that double pass collectors with internal fins achieved higher efficiencies than single pass collectors without fins. Additionally, absorber plates made from black painted clear toughened glass sandwiches performed better than those made from other materials like galvanized iron or aluminum. In general, the review indicates that design modifications aiming to increase surface area or number of heat transfers tend to improve collector performance.
A Beijing business owner wants to build a new office and dispatch center that meets budget and minimizes life cycle costs through sustainable design. The building envelope and construction were designed to optimize insulation and solar heat gain to offset winter heating demands. An analysis of the design found it would reduce annual energy consumption from over 900,000 kWh to under 400,000 kWh and achieve net zero energy through the use of geothermal heating/cooling, LED lighting controls, and an oversized solar array.
Ο Πληθυσμός της Σμύρνης και η Ελληνική Κοινότητα (17ος - 19ος αιώνας)Βάσω Αρέλη
Ένα κείμενο που αναφέρεται τόσο στη ευρύτερη σύσταση του πληθυσμού της Σμύρνης από τον 17ο ως τον 19ο αιώνα, όσο και -πιο συγκεκριμένα- στην ελληνική συνοικία της πόλης κατά την περίοδο αυτή.
Water Efficiency in Thermal power PlantAtanu Maity
This document summarizes cooling technology options for thermal power plants in India and their relative costs and impacts. It discusses that water is essential for thermal power generation but many existing plants face water shortages. Wet cooling systems like induced draft and natural draft cooling towers are most common, but dry cooling using air-cooled condensers is an option where water is extremely limited. Dry cooling systems have higher capital and operating costs and lower efficiency however. The document recommends wet cooling towers for most Indian plants to reduce water use while maintaining efficiency.
The document outlines One Planet Renovations' approach to sustainable building and retrofitting through their BuildGreen Solutions consulting services. It discusses their focus on zero carbon, zero waste, and local sustainable materials principles. Sample projects are highlighted that achieved net zero energy and waste goals through super insulation, solar thermal, photovoltaics, and on-site wastewater treatment. Lessons learned emphasize assembling an experienced team committed to ambitious sustainability targets, allowing extra time for design and procurement, and clearly defining contractual responsibilities.
Solarsa Inc. is a company located in Tampa, FL that designs, manufactures, and integrates solar energy solutions including absorption chillers, electric chillers, solar panels, and control systems. They also provide renewable energy integration with building management systems using the Tridium Niagara framework. Some of their project examples include residential and commercial solar cooling and hot water systems in Florida, California, and Oklahoma. Solarsa also offers system design, equipment, installation, and long-term maintenance contracts.
This document summarizes research on cold-climate air-source heat pumps conducted in Minnesota homes. Eight heat pumps were monitored, including six ducted whole-home systems and two ductless mini-split systems. The heat pumps performed well down to 5-10 degrees Fahrenheit for ducted systems and below -13F for ductless. Annual COPs were 1.2-2.1, providing energy savings of 40-60% compared to electric resistance or propane heating. Paybacks were estimated at 6 years or less when paired with replacing an existing heating or cooling system. Further research is needed to optimize controls and expand applications to multifamily buildings.
Energy Services Contractors - A Case Study in Energy EfficiencyMcKenney's Inc
2500 Windy Ridge Parkway — A Showcase in Energy Efficiency. The McKenney’s in-house design engineering team developed a comprehensive energy model of the building to analyze and compare multiple upgrade options, including alternative plant configurations and chiller efficiencies.
The document summarizes upgrades to the chiller plant and chilled water distribution system serving the 12-building DuPage County Governmental Complex in Wheaton, Illinois. The upgrades included installing a hybrid system with both electric centrifugal and gas-fired absorption chillers, connected in parallel to a 1.2-million gallon chilled water storage tank. This configuration provides flexibility to take advantage of off-peak electric rates and allows chilled water to be "banked" overnight for use the following day. It also improved system reliability, efficiency, and the county's ability to reduce energy costs through demand response.
This document summarizes the renewable energy systems installed at Fort Huachuca over 35 years, including solar water heating and photovoltaic systems. It describes the design, installation, performance, and lessons learned from various projects such as a 2000 sq ft unglazed solar collector system installed in 1980 to heat an indoor pool, saving over 8000 therms annually. It also discusses a 900 sq ft glazed solar domestic hot water system installed in 1981, and ongoing efforts to repair and upgrade aging renewable systems at the base.
Derek Hendry has over 15 years of experience as a project manager and mechanical engineer designing HVAC, plumbing, and fire suppression systems for a variety of project types. He specializes in designing resource efficient and sustainable mechanical systems, and has experience with LEED certified projects. Notable projects he has worked on include healthcare facilities, educational buildings, commercial and office spaces, and industrial facilities.
MEC 422 - Energy Recovery from an Electrical Generating FacilityLuis Lituma
The document describes a project to recover waste heat from the exhaust and radiators of four 185 kW diesel engines at an electrical generating facility. It is proposed to use heat exchangers to transfer the heat from the exhaust and radiators to water in order to heat it. The goal is to maximize the outlet temperature of the water. City water supply will be used, and flow rate and pressure specifications are provided. The design of the heat recovery system aims to minimize costs while maximizing harvested energy, with specifications regarding durability, maintenance, and heat transfer efficiency. A suitable heat exchanger model is selected for modification to meet the project needs.
Homeowners with natural gas water heaters have difficulty justifying the expense of a more efficient condensing heater. Combination space and domestic hot water systems bundle together the two loads, which saves energy and makes them more cost-effective. These systems also help eliminate combustion safety concerns.
Historically, mechanical contractors have custom engineered and pieced together combi systems in the field, paying little attention to efficiency and optimization. But condensing heating plants will only reach their energy saving potential when all components are designed and installed correctly.
This document contains diagrams and specifications for the district cooling system that serves several DLF buildings in Cyber City District. It details the equipment used in each building, including gas turbines, generators, absorption chillers. It notes that the system provides 40MW of power and 18,100 tons of cooling to various buildings through natural gas power generation and waste heat recovery from exhaust. An economic comparison shows that distributed cogeneration with absorption chillers provides energy savings of 20-25% over conventional electrical chillers.
Barangaroo South District Cooling Plant (DCP) Fact SheetDeanDallwitz
Something I'm pretty proud of. Heat load still growing as the precinct gets built out, but already hitting CoP's HVAC Engineers only dream about. This is a major contributor to the Carbon Neutral, Zero Waste and Water Positive commitments for the Barangaroo South District and a bespoke project I led with some very talented Lendlease engineers. Yes designed by Lendlease and built by Lendlease. This is the only one like it in the world!
This webinar discussed research into optimizing the operation of indoor public pool facilities in Minnesota to save energy. The research characterized over 2,000 indoor pools statewide, conducted in-depth evaluations at 6 sites, and identified key savings opportunities. Statewide, HVAC control upgrades had the largest potential savings. Operational improvements like adjusting temperature and humidity setpoints and installing pool covers could also significantly reduce energy use. The webinar provided recommendations for utility programs and introduced guides developed for pool operators and recommissioning providers.
The document describes various renewable energy and energy efficiency systems that can be used to heat, cool, and power buildings, including solar thermal panels, geothermal systems, HVAC systems with particle removal, and predictive energy management systems. It provides details on specific technologies like PACT particle removal, QairTerminal HVAC systems, geothermal heating/cooling using Hardin tubes, and LED lighting. Examples are given of both commercial and residential buildings fully powered by renewable energy and cooled by the earth.
Rock Valley College - Chilled Beams Lesson LearnedIllinois ASHRAE
Chilled beams lessons learned from Rock Valley College presented at the Illinois Chapter of ASHRAE February 8, 2011 by Dan Comperchio, PE and Adam McMillen, PE of KJWW Engineering Consultants.
This document discusses renewable energy opportunities available through infrastructure projects using ground source heat pump technology. It provides an overview of GI Energy's experience with ground source heat pumps and energy foundations. Specifically, it details a case study of their work installing geothermal loops into the foundations of the Crossrail project in London. The loops capture renewable geothermal energy that can be used for heating and cooling the new train stations. The document outlines the technical design and installation process for the foundation loops at various Crossrail station sites.
PCM Thermal Energy Storage Systems; Ashrae 2004 Conference PaperZafer Ure
The document discusses positive temperature eutectic (PCM) thermal energy storage systems. It begins by explaining the disadvantages of conventional water-ice storage systems, which require low-temperature chillers. The document then introduces positive temperature eutectic solutions, which can freeze and melt above 0°C, overcoming these disadvantages. Various PCM mixtures are presented, along with encapsulation techniques to contain them. The document argues that PCM storage enables higher evaporator temperatures and lower condenser pressures, improving energy efficiency. A variety of applications are proposed, including utilizing chilled water and refrigeration temperature ranges for charging.
The document provides energy usage and portfolio information for the Prescott Service Center building. It details the building size, energy sources, current energy consumption, improvement opportunities in building envelop, solar power, and lighting. Implementing improvements in building envelop, installing solar panels, and switching to LED lighting can reduce annual energy consumption by over 342,000 kWh and save over $37,000 per year while achieving payback periods of less than 10 years for the investments.
IRJET- A Review of Solar Water Heater Performance FactorsIRJET Journal
This document reviews several factors that affect the performance of flat plate solar water heaters, including the type of fins, number of passes through the collector, absorber plate material selection, and mass flow rate. Specifically, it discusses research showing that collectors with inverted modified fins produced higher outlet water temperatures than those with standard fins. Studies also found that double pass collectors with internal fins achieved higher efficiencies than single pass collectors without fins. Additionally, absorber plates made from black painted clear toughened glass sandwiches performed better than those made from other materials like galvanized iron or aluminum. In general, the review indicates that design modifications aiming to increase surface area or number of heat transfers tend to improve collector performance.
A Beijing business owner wants to build a new office and dispatch center that meets budget and minimizes life cycle costs through sustainable design. The building envelope and construction were designed to optimize insulation and solar heat gain to offset winter heating demands. An analysis of the design found it would reduce annual energy consumption from over 900,000 kWh to under 400,000 kWh and achieve net zero energy through the use of geothermal heating/cooling, LED lighting controls, and an oversized solar array.
Ο Πληθυσμός της Σμύρνης και η Ελληνική Κοινότητα (17ος - 19ος αιώνας)Βάσω Αρέλη
Ένα κείμενο που αναφέρεται τόσο στη ευρύτερη σύσταση του πληθυσμού της Σμύρνης από τον 17ο ως τον 19ο αιώνα, όσο και -πιο συγκεκριμένα- στην ελληνική συνοικία της πόλης κατά την περίοδο αυτή.
1) The document discusses whether to join an existing community or start a new community called "Horti" on Google+. It was decided to start a new Horti community.
2) It outlines the framework for the new Horti community, which will have 1 owner, 3 moderators, and allow either public or private access within the JL domain.
3) It provides steps for employees to join the new Horti community on Google+, including signing in with their email and password and posting a message to confirm they have joined.
Reverse story board- Amy brings drugs to schoolGeorge Williams
This document contains a shot list for a film or video with various shots including high angle dolly shots, close up panning shots, master shots, two shots, mid shots, over the shoulder shots, and wide shots. The shots vary in length from 1 to 8 seconds and include different angles, movements, and perspectives ranging from high angles looking down to low angles looking up. The shots involve different characters and capture them individually, together, and within their surroundings or cubicles.
Philomena D'Costa is seeking a growth-oriented HR role utilizing over 14 years of experience, including 5+ years as an HR Operations Analyst at Honeywell. She holds a Post-Graduate Diploma in HR from Symbiosis Institute of Management and a B.Com. Her responsibilities include payroll processing, vendor management, employee engagement activities, and developing HR tools to increase efficiency. She has received several awards for her work in areas like reducing time for full and final settlements.
Battle of the books lookbook 2015 2016(1)vnicolesmith
This document provides summaries for 15 young adult or middle grade books from 2015-2016. The books cover a range of genres including fantasy, historical fiction, mysteries and more. Several of the books deal with themes of courage, identity, friendship, survival and overcoming adversity. Many are set in different time periods or places and involve elements of magic, adventure or suspenseful plots.
El documento resume brevemente aspectos clave del Renacimiento en diferentes países europeos, incluyendo la arquitectura, pintura y escultura en Italia, España, Francia y Alemania. Describe obras representativas de cada país como la catedral de Florencia, el cuadro de Verrocchio "El bautismo de Cristo", el palacio de Carlos V en la Alhambra y el cuadro de Grünewald "El escarnio de Cristo".
The document is a resume for Alvin Nielden A. Milagrosa. It summarizes his professional experience as a senior web developer and IT analyst, including current and previous roles developing web and database applications using technologies like SQL Server, Visual Studio, VB.Net and AngularJS. It also lists his education background of a BS in Information Technology and relevant skills in areas such as databases, programming languages, and Microsoft Office. Contact information and references are provided.
[A. v. arasu]_turbo_machines(book_fi.org)wondie chanie
The document discusses the history and development of chocolate over centuries. It details how cocoa beans were first used as currency by the Maya and Aztecs before being introduced to Europe in the 16th century. Chocolate became increasingly popularized and commercialized over subsequent centuries as production and processing methods improved.
Este documento describe los servicios de evaluación, mejora y certificación de la calidad de software, procesos, productos y datos ofrecidos por AQCLab. Incluye servicios como estimación de proyectos de software, evaluación y mejora de procesos de desarrollo bajo ISO/IEC 15504, evaluación de la calidad de productos de software y datos bajo ISO/IEC 25000 e ISO/IEC 25012, respectivamente, y formación en estas áreas. AQCLab es el único laboratorio acreditado en España para la evaluación de la calidad de product
This document discusses using iRODS and object storage for academic research repositories. It describes how object storage allows for better data sharing over wide area networks compared to traditional NAS solutions. When coupled with iRODS, object storage provides better data controls, a unified namespace across storage silos, extensive metadata tagging, and rules engines to automate workflows and data migration. This approach offers ease of administration, automated and reproducible workflows, auditing capabilities, and simple disaster recovery.
This document discusses using iRODS and object storage for academic research repositories. It describes common challenges with long-term data archiving and collaboration. iRODS provides metadata tagging and rules engines to automate workflows and long-term storage on object storage like DDN's WOS for exabyte scalability, security and ease of administration. A case study is presented on using these technologies together for HPC research computing.
Security Vulnerabilities, the Current State of Consumer Protection Law, & how...Wendy Knox Everette
BSides Las Vegas 2016 - Proving Ground Track -
Video of talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFGcZwjw9Q4&t=4s
If a consumer purchases software (like, perhaps, a word processor or a note taking software) and that leads to some harm- perhaps the software allows malware to run on their computer, locking all their data for ransom, or their private data is stolen, then do they have any recourse?
In the area of private law suits, a consumer would likely first look to products liability. Product liability law acts as a form of insurance to protect users - if a product is built in an unsafe way, and it injures you, you may sue the retailer or manufacturer of the product.
There are three general theories a consumer can recover under:
Design defect: the product was designed in an unsafe way
Manufacturing defect: the specific instance of a product was assembled incorrectly and had a one-off manufacturing flaw
Failure to warn claim: the product had non-obvious ways it could harm the consumer, that the consumer should be told about
Although these suits are common for defective products such as lawn mowers, coffee makers, and other consumer goods, they are not used by purchasers or users of software. The primary reason why this is so far is that products liability is so focused on physical harms- it covers serious injuries like losing your finger to a bagel cutter, for instance, and the fact that until somewhat recently, most software couldn’t physically harm you. (Although alternatively, some users can recover if they had a contract with the software creator or provider - as in the Trustwave Incident Response suit)
The rise of the Internet of Things is about to change a lot of that. There have already been a small number of cases where liability was found where buggy software caused physical harm to some consumers. Returning to the fridge, what if someone could connect remotely to your fridge, and adjust the temperature to be a little too warm, leading you to get food poisoning? What if they could do so without the temperature display in the fridge changing, so it looked like it was still cold enough?
This talk will explore the background of product liability law, and discuss how and why IOT might bring about a change in expanding coverage of software flaws.
01 thermal energy storage using ice slurryWahid Mohamed
This document discusses thermal energy storage using ice slurry. It begins with an introduction to thermal energy storage, including sensible energy storage using water and latent cool storage technologies. It defines ice slurry as a suspension of ice crystals in liquid. The document outlines the components of an ice slurry generator system, including schematics of different configurations. It notes benefits like higher energy transport density and consistently cool temperatures near the phase change point. Applications include district cooling systems, and case studies demonstrate cost savings from peak shaving and improved chiller efficiency.
This document discusses the design of a 10,500-ton central chilled water plant in Washington D.C. Several design options were evaluated using life-cycle cost analysis. The selected design used a series-series counterflow arrangement of six electric centrifugal chillers with dual refrigerant circuits. This configuration reduced chiller power demands and pumping costs, resulting in the lowest life-cycle cost that was over $1.4 million less than parallel arrangements. The series-series counterflow design lowers the 'lift' required of the chillers by staging the evaporator and condenser temperatures between units.
Energy saving additive that can save up to 20% on heating costs by altering how heat transfers from boiler tubes to radiators. It changes the size and behavior of bubbles to improve heat transfer. Case studies found savings of 11-18% on gas consumption for various buildings after installing the additive. The organization recouped costs within 1-2 years and continued realizing savings, reducing emissions.
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Experimental investigation of waste heat recovery system for domestic refrige...IAEME Publication
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082-089_TechAward_LaRosh for Web
1. A S H R A E J O U R N A L ashrae.org SEPTEM BER 201582
BUILDING AT A GLANCE
Jason LaRosh, P.E., is a mechanical engineer at Angus-Young Associates, Inc., in Janesville, Wis.
FIRST PLACE
PUBLIC ASSEMBLY, EXISTING
2015 ASHRAE TECHNOLOGY AWARD CASE STUDIES The pond loop geothermal
refrigeration system at the
Janesville Ice Arena uses an
adjacent pond as thermal stor-
age to pull heat from and reject
heat to the ice sheet refrigera-
tion system. Other improve-
ments to the arena include a
new ice sheet and hot water
heating system.
Pond Loop
ForIceRefrigeration
BY JASON LAROSH, P.E., MEMBER ASHRAE
City of Janesville
Ice Arena
Location: Janesville, Wis.
Owner: City of Janesville
Principal Use: Ice arena
Includes:Locker rooms, ice resurfacing
melt pit, ice resurfacing equipment
storage
Employees/Occupants: 1,200 capacity
Gross Square Footage: 28,000
Conditioned Space Square Footage: 26,000
Substantial Completion/Occupancy: September
2012
Manufacturing enormous amounts of ice for hockey
creates enormous amounts of heat. To reduce oper-
ating costs at the Janesville Ice Arena in Wisconsin,
during a facility renovation, designers picked a pond
loop geothermal refrigeration system to replace the
arena’s outdated ice refrigeration system. The ice
system replacement also included removing the original
concrete cold slab, refrigerant piping system, chiller,
cooling tower and water treatment systems.
New building system improvements include a new
hot water heating system and installation of a new fire
protection system for the existing building.
This article was published in ASHRAE Journal, September 2015. Copyright 2015 ASHRAE. Posted at
www.angusyoung.com . This article may not be copied and/or distributed electronically or in paper form
without permission of ASHRAE. For more information about ASHRAE Journal, visit www.ashrae.org.
3. A S H R A E J O U R N A L ashrae.org SEPTEM BER 201584
ABOVE Water-source heat pumps are used for
heat reclaim in the arena.
RIGHT The Janesville Ice Arena’s energy use
intensity dropped 24.1% from 2010 (pre-
renovatiaon) to 2013.
BRANTERICKSON
An additional 2,000 ft2 (186 m2) was added to the exist-
ing 26,000 ft2 (2415 m2) building for new locker rooms,
an ice resurfacing melt pit and resurfacing equipment
storage area. The arena’s seating area is approximately
1,200 people. Administration areas (including offices,
skate rental and warming areas) were not directly a part
of this project.
Energy Efficiency
The net 26,000 ft2 (2415 m2) ice arena includes one
200 ft by 85 ft (61 m by 26 m) regulation ice sheet. The
original ice refrigeration system was installed in 1964
and was at the end of its useful life. It used R-22 refriger-
ant circulated in piping embedded in the rink floor.
The new ice refrigeration system’s pond loop geother-
mal system uses city-owned Lion’s Pond that is adjacent
to the building as thermal storage to pull heat from and
reject heat to the ice sheet refrigeration system. The ice
refrigeration system is made up of three water-source
heat pumps with a cooling capacity of 50 tons (176 kW)
each. The pond is used as a renewable energy source
through the combining of a series of high density poly-
ethylene (HDPE) pipe loops that are sunk to the bottom
of the pond approximately 18 ft (5.4 m) deep. The water-
source heat pumps supply 30% glycol solution at 17°F
(– 8.3°C) to the ice rink.
The heat pumps are designed to operate with a cool-
ing efficiency of approximately 11.0 energy efficiency
ratio (EER) and a heating efficiency coefficient of per-
formance (COP) between 3.4 and 3.8. The geothermal
source side of the system maintains an average tempera-
ture of 70°F (21°F) at peak summer loads.
The system was designed to reclaim as much heat as
possible from the water-source heat pumps and use it to
heat water for the ice sheet underfloor heating system,
the snow melt pit, and the ice resurfacing water preheat
system. The underfloor heating system distributes
tempered water to a bed of sand located beneath the
concrete ice slab and keeps the subfloor above freez-
ing (34°F to 38°F [1.1°C to 3.3°C]) to prevent the ice slab
from cracking or upheaving.
A snow melt pit was added inside to allow the ice
resurfacing equipment a place to unload ice without
exposing the arena and its ice skaters to ambient condi-
tions. It is equipped with radiant piping in its walls and
floors. The snow melt pit is designed to maintain a sump
temperature range of 42°F to 45°F (5.6°C to 7.2°C) and
be capable of melting a full ice resurfacing load within
one hour.
The existing building hot water heating system was
redesigned with a low temperature, condensing hot
water boiler designed to provide 120°F (49°C) heating
hot water to the office areas and to provide auxiliary
heat to the locker rooms. The new low temperature sys-
tem is designed to operate with return water tempera-
tures between 90°F and 100°F (32°C to 38°C), and will
operate with a combustion efficiency of approximately
94%. The previous cast-iron boilers were operating with
a total thermal efficiency closer to 75%.
The new and existing locker rooms use a new energy
recovery ventilator to provide the code mandated ven-
tilation air. The energy recovery ventilator is equipped
with a total energy recovery wheel that preconditions
the ventilation air prior to heating or cooling the air-
stream. The energy wheel operates with an effective-
ness of 0.65, with a capacity of 72 MBtu (76 MJ) in design
summer conditions (89°F dry bulb, 77°F wet bulb [32°C
dry bulb, 25°C wet bulb]) and 115 MBtu (121 MJ) in design
winter conditions (– 10°F [– 23°C] dry bulb). Energy
recovered from the wheel reduces the load on the gas-
fired heat exchanger and the DX cooling components of
the rooftop unit serving the locker rooms.
2015 ASHRAE TECHNOLOGY AWARD CASE STUDIES
5. A S H R A E J O U R N A L ashrae.org SEPTEM BER 201586
Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort
The indoor air quality of the existing and new locker
rooms was improved through implementation of a
new packaged rooftop energy recovery unit. It pro-
vides 0.5 cfm (0.24 L/s) of fresh air along with an
equal amount of exhaust, meeting ASHRAE Standard
62.1-2007 requirements for minimum exhaust rates.
The unit is equipped with a mechanical dehumidifica-
tion cycle that allows it to control space humidity levels
and increase occupant comfort in the locker rooms.
Ventilation for the existing offices, auxiliary spaces and
the rink area were not modified during this project.
The pond loop geothermal system eliminates the need
for water treatment chemicals required for a cooling
tower of a conventional ice rink refrigeration system.
Removing chemical treatment reduces the potential of
fumes in the building and eliminates the exhaust sys-
tems required to provide adequate ventilation.
Operation and Maintenance
The project not requiring an evaporative cooling tower
also means the cost of water and water treatment is
reduced or eliminated.
The system was designed to use a 30% glycol brine
solution in lieu of a direct refrigerant system that was
existing in the building. The indirect system reduces the
amount of refrigerant in the system, which will reduce
replacement cost and the potential for refrigerant leaks.
The water-source heat pump uses scroll compressors
typical to the HVAC industry that can be serviced by local
HVAC technicians already serving the building, elimi-
nating the need for the City of Janesville to enter into an
additional contract with a local refrigeration contractor.
Cost Effectiveness
Implementation of the geothermal pond loop system
cost the City of Janesville an additional $119,100 upfront
compared to a conventional ammonia ice refrigera-
tion system at the time of bidding; the cost savings to
the City of Janesville was expected to be seen in yearly
Upgrades and improvements to the building energy
systems resulted in an annual natural gas energy sav-
ings of 33.5% from 2010 to 2013 (Table1). The electrical
energy use increased by 5.5% from 2010 to 2013. The first
source for the increased electrical use is the 2,000 ft2
(186 m2) addition and the subsequent lighting and
air-conditioning cost directly related to the new locker
rooms. The second source was the increased lighting to
the ice sheet required by the Janesville Jets, the junior
hockey league team that plays there, and its parent
organization, the North American Hockey League. These
improvements increased the installed wattage by 13,550
W or 47,425 kWh, based on 3,500 average annual operat-
ing hours. The overall facility energy use intensity (EUI)
was reduced from 234.6 kBtu/ft2·yr (2664 MJ/m2·yr) in
2010 to 178 kBtu/ft2·yr (2121 MJ/m2·yr) in 2013, a reduc-
tion of 24.1%.
Innovation
Using a pond loop geothermal system with a water-
source heat pump is a common application in North
America. The uniqueness of using a geothermal system
as an ice plant refrigeration system is that the system
will reject heat to the pond throughout the year and
depends on the large mass of the pond to dissipate that
heat to the atmosphere. The system design eliminates
the risk of developing an imbalance in temperatures
that could arise in a traditional vertical or horizontal
borefield. The imbalance in loads requires that tradi-
tional vertical and horizontal geothermal bore field sys-
tems be oversized to handle the capacity of the ice plant
system making it uneconomical to install. The Lion’s
Pond is a 12 acre (4.9 ha) lake with a consistent depth of
15 ft (4.6 m). The large volume diminishes the impact of
the rejected heat from the water-source heat pumps and
allows for constant condenser water temperatures.
The condenser water system is designed to use heat
rejected from the heat pumps and transfers that energy
to other systems such as ice resurfacing machine water
preheat, ice melt pit and underslab heating systems.
The snow melt pit consists of 8 in. (203 mm) concrete
walls with 1,300 ft (396 m) of 0.75 in. (19 mm) hot water
piping spaced 6 in. (152 mm) on center in both pit walls
and floor slab. The pit uses heat rejected from the heat
pumps to provide hot water that flows through the con-
tinuous loop of high density polyethylene pipe, heating
the concrete walls and floor of the pit.
TABLE 1 Energy use comparison.
YEAR NATURAL GAS USE (THERMS) ELECTRICAL ENERGY USE (KWH)
2010 37,251 696,000
2013 24,784 734,600
Percent
Change – 33.5 +5.5
2015 ASHRAE TECHNOLOGY AWARD CASE STUDIES
7. a non-ozone depleting refrigerant. The geothermal heat
pump system transfers energy to and from the pond with-
out burning fossil fuels. The EPA recognizes geothermal
heat exchange as an effective way of reducing carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
The geothermal heat pump system’s ability to recover
heat rejected from the ice-making system reduces the
heating load on the building hot water and domestic hot
water heating systems, which lowers the runtime of the
condensing boilers and reduces carbon emissions. The
increased combustion efficiency of the new condens-
ing boilers will also reduce the overall carbon emissions
produced by the building hot water heating system.
Not needing a cooling tower and water treatment elim-
inates or reduces the risk of chemicals introduced to the
environment, sanitary and storm water systems.
PHOTO 1 Installation of ice slab chilled glycol water
piping.
PHOTO 2 Completed ice slab.
maintenance, annual energy use
and water use savings. The total
annual energy savings was calcu-
lated based on existing energy use
data and maintenance contracts
and estimated to be approximately
$15,625. The resulting simple pay-
back is 7.6 years.
Environmental Impact
The water-source heat pumps use
R-410A, which does not contain bro-
mine or chlorine and is considered
2015 ASHRAE TECHNOLOGY AWARD CASE STUDIES
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