Debt - Basics of Debt and Fixed Income BFSI academy
Basics of Bond
Characteristics of Bond
Indenture , Covenants
Secured | Unsecured
Bond Markets
Categories of Bonds
Bond calculations
Callable , Putable Bonds
Securitisation , structured debt
Five Things Every Founder Must Know About Preference Shares | Hooi Yen ChinJessica Tams
Delivered at Casual Connect Asia 2016
You met the VCs, emailed your information decks and delivered your pitch. Then the term sheets arrive. You open them up and the alien language hits you! This session discusses the legal nature of preference shares, the common terms used in relation to preference shares and their impact on a funding round. Arm yourself with the knowledge you need to negotiate the preference share rights that investors commonly ask for.
Debt - Basics of Debt and Fixed Income BFSI academy
Basics of Bond
Characteristics of Bond
Indenture , Covenants
Secured | Unsecured
Bond Markets
Categories of Bonds
Bond calculations
Callable , Putable Bonds
Securitisation , structured debt
Five Things Every Founder Must Know About Preference Shares | Hooi Yen ChinJessica Tams
Delivered at Casual Connect Asia 2016
You met the VCs, emailed your information decks and delivered your pitch. Then the term sheets arrive. You open them up and the alien language hits you! This session discusses the legal nature of preference shares, the common terms used in relation to preference shares and their impact on a funding round. Arm yourself with the knowledge you need to negotiate the preference share rights that investors commonly ask for.
This is a short presentation on Buyback and delisting backed by some instances.I hope this would help a lot in understanding the basic concept.In fact this phenomenon is lot more observed these days and it's important to know the basic facts behind this.
Difference Between Equity Shares And Preference Shares -stockdaddy.pptx247jobsonline
Equity shares & preference shares are the only types of shares issued by a company. Get to know the Difference Between Equity shares and Preference shares. and their advantages.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
2. Capital Structure
Companies Raise money by issuing debt or equity securities or in
combination .Capital Structure refers to composition of debt and
equity capital .
A mix of a company's long-term debt, specific short-term debt,
common equity and preferred equity. The capital structure is how a
firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different
sources of funds.
Debt comes in the form of bond issues or long-term notes payable,
while equity is classified as common stock, preferred stock or retained
earnings. Short-term debt such as working capital requirements is also
considered to be part of the capital structure.
3. Capital Structure
Example :
A company has total capital of 10000 cr out of which
4000 cr is debt and 6000cr is equity , so capital
structure of 40% debt and 60 % equity .
It is called a leverage(or levered) company as debt is
part of the capital . 100% equity capital company is
called unleveraged (or unlevered) company .
4.
5. Types of Shares
Two main type of equity shares are
Common shares or ordinary shares
A common share indicates the ownership of the company The majority
of stocks sold are common stocks. Common stock offers the potential
for growth through rising share prices and increasing dividends.
Preferred shares
It is called preferred as owners of preferred stock get dividends before
common stock holders. Preferred stock offers regular income through
fixed dividends and the potential for growth through rising share
prices. The prices of preferred stock tend to be more stable than the
prices of common stock. Preferred stock may offer features such as the
right to redeem your shares at certain times or to convert your shares to
common shares at a certain price — known as convertible preferred
shares. However, preferred stock doesn’t normally come with voting
rights.
6. Types of shares
Common Shares Preferred Shares
.
Common shareholders are generally entitled
to:
dividend payments – but there’s no
guarantee you’ll receive dividends, and no
guaranteed amount if you do.
vote at shareholders meetings –
shareholders typically get 1 vote per share,
and can vote to elect company directors and
on other corporate matters at the annual
shareholder meeting, or by completing a
shareholder ballot online or by mail. You
have the right to vote because you're taking
a greater risk with common shares.
claim on the company’s assets – if the
company goes bankrupt and is liquidated.
But common shareholders get paid last —
behind tax authorities, employees, creditors
and preferred shareholders.
Preferred shareholders are generally
entitled to:
fixed dividend payments – that
usually don't change, whether or
not the company does well. Dividends
are paid to preferred shareholders
before any dividends are paid to
common shareholders. If the company
can't pay the dividend on preferred
shares in a year, it may carry it forward
and pay it in future years.
claim on company assets – preferred
shareholders have priority over
common shareholders if the company
goes bankrupt and is liquidated.
7. Common Stock vs Preferred Stock
Common Preferred
Infinite life – No maturity
Usually not issued on par
value
May or May not
At par value with dividend
rate
8. Cash flow and voting rights
Hybrid between stock and debt
9. Common Shares
Common shares are issued by pvt ltd or public limited
companies which are listed on exchanges and liquid .
Can issue one class or different classes of shares like
class A or Class B
11. Preferred stock
Companies can issue more than single issue like series A ,
series B , they carry there own stated dividend and may
differ in features like
Fixed annual dividend
Option to convert the preferred stock in to specified
number of common shares
Redemption ( issuing company can buy back as per pre
defined terms )
Can be Cumulative : to pay any missed dividend
Non cumulative: not require to pay missed dividends for
prior years before paying dividend to common share
holders.
13. Priority of claim: in the event of company is liquidity
assets are distributed according to priority of claim.
Debt is liability of the company . Debt investors have
higher claim on companies assets than equity
After the claim of Debt investors it is preferred share
holders who are in line to receive what they are due
Common share holders are last in the line and are
residual claimants in the company.
Debt Security
Preferred Share
Common Share
23. Valuation of Equity Shares
Three Important types
Discounted Cash Flow analysis
Relative Valuation
Asset Based Valuation
24. Valuation of Equity Shares
Discounted Cash Flow
It is based on Time Value of Money concept.
It is estimation of PV of future cash flows from the
company
Dividends are regular cash flows other version id
dividend cash flow analysis.
32. Some of the actions which effect number of common shares out
standing
Selling Shares to public for first time is called Initial
Public offering
Subsequent offers are called secondary equity offering
Buying back shares from existing share holders by
company is called as Share buy back or share
repurchase
Stock split or stock dividend – issuing one share for
every 2 shares owned
Issuing new stock after warrants
New company creation from existing – Spin off
33. IPO
On issuance of new shares to public , the share holder
of the pvt company will dilute owners percentage
holding and also the EPS dilation .
As his number of shares remain same but total out
standing shares increase
If existing share holder does not buy shares , his
ownership percentage comes down
Same holds for secondary issues .
Some times rights are given to shareholders to buy new
shares.
34. Repurchase
Companies may opt to repurchase directly from exchange
or give offer to existing share holders.
Instead of dividend they may offer the buy back .
This effectively reduces the total shares out standing
This increases EPS .
36. Stock Splits – Stock Dividend
Number of out standing shares increases proportionally based on
current holding.
37. Cum Dividend Ex dividend
Cum-dividend (CD) comes before Ex-dividend (XD). A stock is said to be CD
indicates that the company is paying out dividend in the near future which
serves like a preempt notice to investors. The company would have announced
the amount of dividend to be paid out but has yet to. If the shareholder sells a
CD stock, he/she is not entitled to the dividend.
There has to be a cut off date that the company has to set, so as to confirm the
list of shareholders to receive dividend. When the list is finalized, the stock is
said to go XD. Once XD status is declared, the shareholder who sells his/her
shares will still be entitled the dividends, while the new owner will not.
Usually XD stocks will be accompanied by a drop in stock price, an amount
equivalent to the dividend payout. This is consistent and fair – by giving out
the dividends, the company’s asset is said to be decreased and hence, the stock
price should fall. It is fair to the new shareholders who get the stocks after XD,
they did not receive the dividends and they are buying into a company with a
lower asset. Thus, the bottom line is dividend payout is not a concern for
buying or selling of shares.