The document discusses the four basic types of tissues in the body - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. It focuses on epithelial tissue, which consists of sheets of cells that cover external and internal surfaces of organs. There are several classifications of epithelium depending on cell layers and morphology, including simple epithelium with one cell layer and stratified epithelium with multiple cell layers. The epithelium exhibits variations in structure and features like cilia, microvilli and stereocilia depending on its location and function in the body.

1. Tissues of Body
Types of Tissues
By
Ahmed Raza Shahid

2. Epithelial Tissue
• The four basic types of tissues are epithelial,
connective, muscular and nervous tissue.
These tissue exist and function in close
association with one another.
• The epithelial tissue or epithelium consist of
sheets of cells that cover the external faces of
the body, line the internal cavities, form
various organs and glands and line their ducts.

3. Epithelial Tissue

4. Epithelial Tissue
• Epithelial cells are in contact with each other.
• The structure of lining of epithelium differs
from organ to organ, depending on its location
and function.
• For example, epithelium that covers the outer
surfaces of the body, serves as a protective
layer differs from the epithelium that lines the
internal organs.

5. Surface Modifications on
Epithelial Cells
• Cilia are motile structures found on certain
cells in the uterine tubes, uterus and
conducting tubes of the respiratory system.
• Microvilli are small non-motile projections
that cover all absorptive cells in the small
intestine and proximal convulated tubules in
the kidney.

6. Cilia

7. Microvilli

8. Surface Modifications on
Epithelial Cells
• Stereocilia are long, non-motile, branched
microvilli that cover the cells in epididymis
and vas deferens. The function of microvilli
and stereocilia is to increase the surface area
to facilitate absorption.
• The function of cilia is to move water, relative
to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia.
This process results in cell movement through
the water.

10. Classification of Epithelium
• Epithelium is classified according to the
number of cell layers and the morphology or
structure of the surface cells.
• There is a thin basement membrane consist of
non-cellular region that separates the
epithelium from the underlying connective
tissue. This membrane is easily seen with a
light microscope.

11. Epithelium

12. Simple Epithelium
• An epithelium with a single layer of cells is
called simple epithelium. Simple squamous
epithelium covers the external surfaces of
digestive organs, lungs and heart is called
mesothelium.
• Simple squamous epithelium that covers the
lumina of the heart chambers, blood vessels
and lymphatic vessels is called endothelium.

13. Simple Epithelium

14. Simple Epithelium
• Simple cuboidal epithelium lines small
excretory ducts in different organs. Like, in the
proximal convulated tubules of the kidney.
• Simple columnar epithelium covers the
digestive organs like stomach, small and large
intestine.

16. Stratified Epithelium
• Stratified squamous epithelium contains
multiple cell layers.
• There are two types of stratified squamous
epithelium; non-keratinized and keratinized.
• Non-keratinized epithelium covers moist
cavities such as the mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, vagina and anal canal.

17. Stratified Epithelium
• Keratinized epithelium lines the external
surfaces of the body. The surface layers
contain non-living keratinized cells that are
filled with the protein keratin. The exposed
epithelium that covers the palms of and soles
exhibits especially thick layers of keratinized
cells.

18. Keratinized And Non-Keratinized

19. Stratified Epithelium
• Stratified cuboidal epithelium and stratified
columnar epithelium have a limited
distribution in the body line the larger
excretory ducts of pancreas, salivary and
sweat glands.
• Transitional epithelium lines the minor and
major calyxes, pelvis, ureter and bladder of
the urinary system.

20. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines
the respiratory pessages and lumina of the
epidydimis and vas deferens.

21. Functions of Epithelial Tissues