This document discusses epistemology, the process of building and generating knowledge. It outlines different philosophical views on the sources of knowledge, including perception, inference, experience, and reason. Western philosophy relied primarily on perception, while Indian philosophy considered a combination of the senses, mind, intelligence, and soul. The document also discusses the differences between knowledge and skills, and defines teaching as a complex, interactive communication process aimed at guiding learning and development.

1. EPISTEMOLOGY –PROCESS OF
KNOWLEDGE BUILDING AND
GENERATION
Dr. Goutam Patra
Govt. College of Education, Banipur
North 24 Paraganas
West Bengal

2. ‘Epistemos’-a Greek word means Knowledge
Source of knowledge- 1. Experience
2. Sense Perception
Locke- Knowledge is the interrelation of ideas
through the perception of mind
Indian philosophy;- process of generation of
knowledge depends on the combination of- sensory
organs, subject matter, mind, intelligence and soul
Source- perception, inference and analogy

3. • Western philosophy;-only perception
• Charbak philosophy- only perception
• Buddhist philosophy- perception and
inference
• Jain philosophy- No perception, only mind
and Sensory organs
• Sankhya philosophy-process of knowledge
building- 1.Sensory Contact 2. Impression
3. Mind and Intelligence reflect the
subject.

4. • Socrates- generation and building of
Knowledge through Analysis, judgement,
inner views and practice
• Plato- emphasized on intelligence and Reason
He divided man into 3 category
1. Intelligent person
2. Energetic person
3. Sensual person
Epistemology- Discussion of source of
knowledge, definition, experience, inference,
intelligence, memory, cognitive constructivism

5. KNOWLEDGE & SKILL
• Locke- Knowledge is the interrelation of ideas
through the perception of mind
• Knowledge is acquired through intelligence
• Experience is the source of knowledge
• Knowledge building depends on the procession
of information received from environment
• Knowledge can be constructed according to the
Cognitive constructivism
• Knowledge is centre point of learning process-
knoweldge-understanding-application

6. • Knowledge represents the lowest level of
learning outcomes in the cognitive domain
• Skill: It indicates the development of muscular
action and neuro-motoric coordination
• Skills concern with1.Reflex movement 2.Basic
–fundamental movement 3. Perceptual
abilities 4. skilled movement 4. Non-discursive
communication-Movement communication

7. Teaching and Training
• ‘A complex Process’ ‘interactive
communication’ ‘Art’ ‘Science’ ‘a creative
process’
• Teaching- ‘a kind of communication’ –Edgar
Dale
• ‘communication and projection of
experiences’-G.G Stern

8. DEFINITOIN
• BURTON: Teaching is the stimulation, guidance,
direction and encouragement of learning
• THOMAS: Teaching is the task of a teacher which is
performed for the development of a child.
• N. L. GAGE: Teaching is a form of interpersonal
influence aimed at changing the behavior potential
of another personal
• Michael Oakeshort: Teaching is two-fold activity of
communicating information and communicating
judgment.
• Ryburn: Teaching is a relationship which helps the
child to develop his powers
• B.O.Smith: Teaching is a system of actions intended
to induce learning…a tripolar process’

9. FIVE
PROCESESS
OF TEACHING
MAKING AND USING
KNOWLEDGE
TEACHING
WITH
STRATEGIE
S
CONTROLLI
NG
TEACHER’S
PERSONALIT
Y
CREATING
INTERPERSONAL
CLIMATE
SHAPING THE
SCHOOLS

10. TRAINING
• Training implies development of perfection of
skills and competencies
• It is a period bound process
• Its aim is to develop one or more skills
• The place of training is Training Institution or
workshop or training centre
• More emphasis on practical aspects
• It has fixed and limited methods and changes
from skill to skill
• Training environment is authoritarian

11. • No flexibility in methods
• Only proficiency in the skill of the profession is
tested
• Scope is limited to psychomotor dimension
only

12. • ‘Information’ is derived from a Latin word
‘informatio’ – ‘Informere’ means to instruct
mind or to shape the mind
• It is symbolic or non-symbolic
• It related to memory or beyond memory
• It enters into the sensory organs as input
• Dusenbery defines it in ‘Sensory Ecology’ as
casual input and energetic input
• Information is created, received and
maintained

13. Relation between Information and
Knowledge
• Information is processed data and knowledge is
such information which is usaable
• Information is necessary for generating
knowledge
• Knowledge is reflection of information patter
• Processing is needed to form knowledge
• Belief (PROVED BELIEF IS KNOWLEDGE)
• Trust-faith , Asuurance, hope
• Truth derived from self-judgement
• Imagination-Delusion –Paranoid scyzophrenia