Report of Researches in Five Years (2015-19) and Identification of Research Trends in Environmental Education

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By,
Garima Tandon
B.Sc., B.Ed., M.Ed.
Banaras Hindu University

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Introduction
Environmental Education has become a drastic field of study during
modern scenario due to requirement of making generations sensitive towards
environment. As cited by Singh (2010), environmental Education is relatively
new area of teaching and research in comparison to other science based
environment related subjects. Tbilisi Conference (1977) was a fruitful attempt in
strengthening of this new area. However this is very broad area and grown in link
with many other discipline but here subject under focus is Education. As cited by
Singh (2010), teaching and research in Environmental Education started taking
shape towards end of the 20th
century. Here a brief review of researches in the
area of Environmental Education published in recent five years (2015-2019) are
being given for educational purpose.
Researches in Environmental Education
Some researches are described below in abstract from in chronological order of
sequence.
(1). Barman, N. (2015). A Comparative Study of Environmental Awareness
among Secondary Level Students. International Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(8). 7575-7579. Retrieved
from https://ijirset.com.
Objective: To study the level and uniformity of environmental awareness between male
and female students with reference to their location, type of school and medium of
education.
Methodology: The present study was carried out among secondary level students in
Kamrup district (Metro & Rural), Assam, India. The methodology adopted in the
present study was descriptive in nature. The sample consists of 997 number of
secondary level student. The sample was collected by investigator and all the data were
recorded in a questionnaire developed by investigator. In the present study, variables

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considered were area where students are belongs to, type of school, gender and medium
of education.
Findings: 1. It was very much evident from the present study that secondary level
students have fairly good awareness about the environmental problems. 2. Based on the
analyses of the data obtained in the present study, it can be revealed that males of rural
area, private school and English medium school were found to be more aware about
their environmental problems as compared to female. 3. Female students of urban area,
Government school and Assamese medium have higher environmental awareness than
male students.
(2). Panth, M.K., Verma, P. & Gupta, M. (2015). The Role of Attitude in
Environmental Awareness of Under Graduate Students. International
Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies, 2 (7). 55-62. Retrieved
from https://www.ijrhss.org.
Objective: To explore Attitude and Environmental Awareness of boys and girls.
Methodology: The survey research method used in this study. The sample consisted
100 undergraduate college students of N.M.V. Lalitpur (U.P.), Shree Deepchand
Chaudhary College, M.S.D. College Lalitpur (U.P.). The sample was divided into two
groups on the basis of boys and girls respondents. Each of these two groups consisted
of 50 respondents. Only those young respondents were included in the samples who
were studying in under graduation of 1623 years unmarried having an urban residence
and without any major diagnosed chronic physical or mental illness. For recording
subject’s responses on Environment Awareness Ability Measure (E.A.A.M.) they were
given Attitude Scale it has six categories and it has 150 questions 25 in each categories.
One way analysis of variance ANOVA statistical techniques used to test the significant
differences in Attitude and Environmental Awareness in between boys and girls.
Findings: 1. Girls have more Environmental Awareness in EAAM and less Attitude in
Attitude scale. The boys have more Attitudes in Attitude scale and less Environmental

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Awareness. 2. The girls and boys differ significantly in Attitude scale but not significant
difference in EAAM.
(3). Saricam, H. & Sachin, S.H. (2015). The Relationship between the
Environmental Awareness, Environmental Attitude, Curiosity and
Exploration in Highly Gifted Students: Structural Equation Modelling.
Educational Process: International Journal, 4(1-2). 7-17. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284733151_The_Relationship_be
tween_the_Environmental_Awareness_Environmental_Attitude_Curiosity
_and_Exploration_in_Highly_Gifted_Students_Structural_Equation_Mode
lling_Ustun_yeteneklizekali_ogrencilerde_merak_k/link/5658cf5408ae4988
a7b793d0/download.
Objectives: 1. To examine the relationships between environmental awareness,
environmental attitude, curiosity and exploration in highly gifted students with
structural equation modelling. 2. To compare highly gifted and non-gifted students’
environmental awareness, environmental attitude, curiosity and exploration levels.
Methodology: Participants were 311 (154 highly gifted, 157 non-gifted) secondary
school students in Turkey who volunteered to take part in this study. All of the
participants were either 13 or 14 years old, with a mean age of 13.77 years. For
gathering data, Environmental Awareness Scale [developed by Okur-Berberoglu and
Uygun (2012), consists of 18 item], Environmental Attitude Scale [developed Okur-
Berberoğlu and Uygun (2012), consists of 18 items], Curiosity and Exploration
Inventory-II [a 5 point Likert scale with 10 items, developed by Kashdan et al. (2009)]
were used. Pearson correlation analysis, independent samples t test, and structural
equation model were used for data analysis.
Findings: 1. Highly gifted students’ environmental awareness, environmental attitude,
curiosity and exploration scores were higher than non-gifted students’. 2. Indices of
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) indicated that the increase in the curiosity and
exploration scores of the highly gifted children increased the environmental awareness;
in this case, the environmental attitudes were affected positively.

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(4). Bachhar, S. & Sarkar, B. (2016). Awareness of Environmental Pollution
among Secondary Level Learners in Nadia District, West Bengal. IJRDO-
Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 1(8). 32-41. Retrieved
from https://www.ijrdo.org/index.php/sshr/article/download/282/252/.
Objectives: 1. To compare the awareness level between the rural students and urban
students of secondary school towards the environmental pollution. 2. To compare the
awareness level between the male students and female students of secondary school
towards the environmental pollution.
Methodology: Descriptive research method was used. Total 300 sample has taken for
the present study where 150 student were rural (75 boys & 75 girls) and 150 student
were urban (75 boys & 75 girls) from the secondary level school. A questionnaire has
been prepared for measuring awareness of learner towards environmental pollution with
30 items from 5 different dimensions. The tool was standardized by applying Test-retest
method and Content validity. Mean, SD (Descriptive stat) and t test, (Inferential stat)
were employed and also 0.05 level of significance was used to test the hypotheses.
Findings: Researchers find the following findings after statistical analyzing and
interpreting data: 1. No significant difference was found in the mean scores of
awareness of rural and urban students towards environmental pollution. But, the
awareness level scores were significantly higher in case of rural students. 2. No
significant difference was found in the mean scores of awareness of rural male and rural
female students towards environmental pollution. But, the awareness level scores were
significantly higher in case of rural female students. 3. Significant difference exists in
the mean scores of awareness of urban male and urban female students towards
environmental pollution. Wherein; the awareness level scores were significantly higher
in case of urban female students. 4. Significant difference exists in the mean scores of
awareness of rural male and urban male students towards environmental pollution.
Wherein; the awareness level scores were significantly higher in case of urban male
students. 5. No significant difference was found in the mean scores of awareness of
rural female and urban female students towards environmental pollution. But, the
awareness level scores were significantly higher in case of urban female students.

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(5). Bala, R. (2016). Study of Environment Awareness in Relation to Attitude
towards Environment among Secondary School Students. PARIPEX Indian
Journal of Research, 5(2). 236-237. Retrieved from
https://worldwidejournals.com.
Objectives: 1. To study the relationship between environmental awareness of senior
secondary school students living in rural and urban areas. 2. To study the relationship
between attitude towards environment of senior secondary school students living in
rural and urban areas. 3. To study the relationship between the attitude towards
environment of senior secondary school students of govt. and private schools. 4. To
study the relationship between attitude towards environment of senior secondary school
students of govt. and private schools. 5. To study the relationship between environment
awareness and attitude towards environment of senior secondary school students.
Methodology: Total 400 senior secondary school students were taken as sample.
Environment Awareness Ability Measures constructed by Dr. Praveen Jha (1998) & Taj
Environmental Attitude Scale (TEAS) constructed by Dr. Haseen Taj (2001) were used
for data collection.
Findings: 1. There was a significant difference in Environmental Awareness of Senior
Secondary School students living in rural and urban areas. 2. There was no significant
difference in Attitude towards Environment of Senior Secondary school students living
in rural and urban areas. 3. There wass a significant difference in the Environment
Awareness of Senior Secondary School students of govt. and private school. 4. There
was no significant difference in Attitude towards Environment of Senior Secondary
School students of govt. and private schools. 5. There was a positive and significant
relationship between Environment Awareness and Attitude towards environment of
Senior Secondary School student.

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(6). Bhartiya, K.R. (2016). Study of Awareness, Attitude and Knowledge
about Environmental Education in High School and Higher Secondary
School Students. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and
Food Technology, 10(12). 51-54. Retrieved from www.iosrjournals.org.
Objectives: 1. To study the awareness about the environmental education among the
students of high school. 2. To study the awareness about the environmental education
among the students of higher secondary school. 3. To study the knowledge about
environmental education among the students of high school. 4. To study the knowledge
about environmental education among the students of higher secondary school. 5. To
study the attitude about environmental education among the students of high school. 6.
To study the attitude about environmental education among the students of higher
secondary school.
Methodology: Survey Research Method was used. Random sampling was performed
to choose schools in selected district. Out of 200 questionnaire copies, 72 students of
high school and 56 students of higher secondary returned their copies. The tool was
constructed by author himself to measure awareness, attitude and knowledge about the
environment. The questionnaire consisted of 35 questions with 4 different modalities of
questions. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the levels of awareness, attitude
and knowledge of the participant groups towards the environment.
Findings: In regard to awareness and knowledge high school students were superior to
higher secondary students but on the contrary higher secondary students were superior
in attitude.
(7). Erhabor, N.I. & Don, J.U. (2016). Impact of Environmental Education
on the Knowledge and Attitude of Students towards the Environment.
International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 11(12). 5367-
5375. Retrieved from https://www.iosjournals.org.
Objectives: 1. To assess students’ level of knowledge and attitude towards the
environment. 2. To study the relationship between the students’ level of knowledge and
their attitude towards the environment.

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Methodology: The population and sample of the study consisted of the full time
environmental education students in University of Benin, Nigeria. Thus one hundred
and thirty students constituted the sample for the study. A questionnaire titled
“knowledge and attitude of students towards the environment” was used for data
collection.
Findings: 1. The students have adequate knowledge of environment. 2. The students
have positive attitude towards environment. 3. Their attitude towards the course of study
have not influenced by knowledge the students possess towards the environment.
(8). Kanene, K.M. (2016). The Impact of Environmental Education on the
Environmental Perceptions/Attitudes of Students in selected Secondary
Schools of Botswana. European Journal of Alternative Education Studies,
1(2). 36-54. Retrieved from www.oapub.org/edu.
Objectives: The objectives of the study were: 1. To investigate the teaching of
Environmental Education at secondary school level 2. To examine the perceptions and
attitudes of Environmental Education students towards environmental sustainability.
Methodology: The study involved five conveniently selected secondary schools in
Gaborone with an assumption that they taught Environmental Education as mandated
by the (RNP, 1994). From each school, four students, two teachers and a head of
department were also conveniently chosen. Data was gathered through interviews and
observation of environmental practices in the study sites. Data analysis was done
manually as to arrive at themes that ultimately turned out to be the main findings of the
study.
Findings: The study has revealed that the methods that were used to teach the subject
were fundamentally teacher centered and were geared more towards enriching students
with environmental knowledge. Subsequently, the results indicate that secondary school
students possess environmental knowledge that they fail to translate into action for the

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environment. Their lack of action could largely be blamed on the teaching methods that
do not engage learners in action for environmental sustainability. Besides, the study
establishes that Environmental Education as approached in Botswana has failed to
transform the attitudes and perceptions of secondary school students towards being
responsible environmental stewards. The study reveals that leaners do not see the
environment as a resource worth managing as evidenced by how they relate with the
environment. They do not see environmental management as their responsibility thus
have a negative perception of the environment.
(9). Katoch, K.S. (2016). Awareness and Attitude of School Students towards
Environment. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, 4
(37). 8543-8550. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v4i37.10672.
Objectives: The following objectives were framed in this study: 1.To compare the
environmental awareness of male and female students of class IX. 2. To compare the
environmental Attitude of male and female students of class IX.
Methodology: Descriptive method has been used to find the gender differences in
environmental awareness and attitude towards environment. The study was conducted
on 160 class IX Students, 80 girls and 80 boys. The students were randomly selected
from different schools of Shimla. For the purpose of collection and interpretation of the
data. Environmental Attitude Scale (TEAS) developed by Dr. Haseen (2001) was used
to study the attitude of student-teachers and teacher-educators towards environment. An
Environmental Awareness Scale (EAS) was developed by the Chopra (2005) to study
environmental awareness among students. The Taj Environmental Attitude Scale
(TEAS) was developed by Haseen in 2001 used in this study. The statistical techniques
were employed to analyze the data in order to test the hypothesis Mean, Standard
deviation, t-ratio.
Findings: 1. There was no difference in the environmental awareness between male
and female school students. Both male and female have equal awareness towards
environment. 2. There was significant difference in attitude towards environment of

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male and female school students. Female students were having better attitude towards
environment than male students.
(10). Sarita, Dahiya, R., Kusumlata. (2016). A comparative study of
environmental awareness of boys and girls of secondary and higher
secondary schools. International Journal of Applied Research, 2(9). 247-251.
Retrieved from www.allresearchjournal.com.
Objectives: The objectives set for the present study undertaken were as following: 1.
To compare the Environmental Awareness of boys and girls at secondary level. 2. To
compare the Environmental Awareness of boys and girls at higher secondary level. 3.
To compare the Environmental Awareness of secondary level and higher secondary
level of boys. 4. To compare the Environmental Awareness of secondary level and
higher secondary level of girls.
Methodology: This was an empirical research with a sample of 200 senior secondary
and higher secondary school students selected randomly from Gurgaon and Rewari
district of Haryana. The study was conducted through normative survey method and
environmental awareness aptitude measure test by Dr. Parveekumarjha (1998) was used
for the collection of data. Mean, Standard deviation and ‘t’ test were the statistical
techniques used for carrying out the analysis and interpretation of the data collected.
Findings: 1. There was no significant difference between environment awareness of
secondary level boys and girls. 2. There was significant difference between
Environmental Awareness of secondary level boys and girls. 3. There was no significant
difference between the Environmental Awareness of higher secondary level and
secondary level boys. 4. There was significant difference between the Environmental
Awareness of girls at secondary level and higher secondary level.
(11). Sharma, N.K. (2016). A Study on Environmental Awareness of College
Students in Relation to Sex, Rural-Urban Background and Academic

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Streams Wise. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 4(2). 15-20.
Retrieved from www.todned.net.
Objectives: To assess the environmental awareness of students of Govt. Degree
College Dharamshala Himachal Pradesh (India).
Methodology: In the present investigation convenient random sampling technique was
used and 180 students studying in science, commerce and art streams of undergraduate
classes of Govt. Degree College Dharamshala of district Kangra of Himachal were
surveyed. In the present investigation Environmental Ability Measure developed by Dr.
Parveen Kumar Jha was used to collect requisite data from students. To analyze the
obtained data on Environmental Awareness Ability Scale statistically, technique of
analysis of variance was applied.
Findings: 1. It wass evident from the result that college student have fairly good
environmental awareness level. 2. There was no significance difference in
environmental awareness ability of male and female students. 3. There was significant
difference in environmental awareness ability of rural and urban students. 4. There was
significant difference in environmental awareness ability of belonging to science,
commerce and art streams. 5. Type of sex, area and social category of student also did
not influence each other significantly in their combined influence on environmental
awareness ability of students.
(12). Bordhan, S. (2017). A study on the environmental awareness among
secondary school students in a district of Assam. International Journal of
Advanced Education and Research, 2(2). 17-19. Retrieved from
www.alleducationjournal.com.
Objectives: 1. To study the levels of environmental awareness of Secondary School
students in Assam. 2. To study the environmental awareness of male and female
students in Assam. 3. To study the environmental awareness of rural and urban
Secondary School students in Assam. 4. To study the environmental awareness of
students studying in English and Assamese Medium schools in Assam.

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Methodology: Normative survey research method was employed. Random sampling
technique has been used in the selection of the sample which consisted of 158 secondary
school students. A 5-point Likert type Environmental Awareness Scale was constructed
and validated by the investigator.
Findings: 1. There exists a significant difference between boy and girl students’ as
regards awareness towards environment. The girl students have higher awareness
regarding the environment. 2. There exists a significant difference between rural and
urban students’ awareness towards environment. The urban students have higher
awareness regarding the environment. 3. Assamese Medium students have a higher
level of awareness regarding the environment.
(13). Godara, R. & Khirvadkar, A. (2017). Creating Environmental
Awareness among the Secondary School Students. Imperial Journal of
Interdisciplinary Research, 3(4). 1711-1718. Retrieved from
http://www.onlinejournal.in.
Objectives: 1. To develop activities for environmental awareness among secondary
school students Vadodara city. 2. To implement activities for environmental awareness
among secondary school students Vadodara city. 3. To study the opinion of school
students on the implemented activities.
Methodology: This study was descriptive in nature. All the upper primary and
secondary schools of Baroda city following the syllabus prescribed by Gujarat
Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSHSEB) were taken as
population for the study.
Six schools were selected purposively for conducting the study irrespective of the
medium of instruction.
The study was carried out in three phases. In the first phase the activities were designed
to create environmental awareness among the students. In the second phase these
activities were implemented in the selected schools. In the third phase the opinions of
the students were collected through focused group interview to know their views on the

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implemented activities. Content analysis was employed for the collected information
from the student and student teachers on the implemented programme.
Findings: 1. The students liked the different activities organised for environmental
awareness. 2. The students reported that these activities created Eco friendly habits in
them. 3. The students realised from BEST OUT OF WASTE activity that many of the
waste materials can be effectively utilized. 4. The students reported that they have
consciously started saving the environment and energy in their day to day life activities.
5. The students realized the importance of saving water, electricity and other resources.
6. The students learned to prepare manure from kitchen waste. 7. The students could
understand the importance of preserving environment in their life. 8. The students
understood the importance of developing Eco-Friendly habits.
(14). Gupta, S. (2017). Environmental Awareness of Urban and Rural School
students. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research,
5(3). 128-131. Retrieved from www.ijedr.org.
Objectives: To ascertain the level of environment awareness among the senior
secondary students of Urban and Rural Schools.
Methodology: A purposive sample of 120 students were selected from five senior
secondary schools of Urban and Rural including equal proportion of both sex (60 boys
and 60 girls). The Environmental Awareness was measured by Haseen Taj’s
“Environmental Awareness Scale”. Mean, S.D. were calculated and the ‘T’ test was
employed to find out the significant different between Environmental awareness.
Findings: 1. There was no significant difference in Environmental awareness of Urban
and rural boys and girls. 2. There was no significant difference in Environmental
awareness of science and commerce students as groups.
(15). Kaur, H. & Kaur, R. (2017). Study of Environmental Awareness among
Adolescents in Relation to their Scientific Attitude. Educational Quest: An

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Int. J. of Education and Applied Social Science, 8. 283-291. Retrieved from
https://ndpublisger.in.
Objectives: 1. To study the environmental awareness and scientific attitude among
adolescents. 2. To study mean difference in environmental awareness among
adolescents in relation to gender. 3. To study mean difference in environmental
awareness among adolescents in relation to location. 4. To study mean difference in
environmental awareness among adolescents in relation to social category i.e.
Scheduled Caste (SC), Backward Class (BC) and general category. 5. To study the
interaction effect of scientific attitude with (i) gender, (ii) location and (iii) social
category i.e. Scheduled Caste (SC), Backward Class (BC) and general category on
environmental awareness among adolescents. 6. To study relationship of environmental
awareness with scientific attitude across gender, location and social category among
adolescents.
Methodology: The descriptive method was used to study environmental awareness
among adolescents. The sample in the study was 482 adolescents from schools of S.A.S.
Nagar, Sangur & Mansa and were selected randomly. Environmental Awareness Ability
Measure (EAAM-J) by Jha, P.K (2010) & Scientific Attitude Scale (BMSAS) by
Bajwa, S. & Mohajan, M. (2009) were used for data collection. The descriptive statistics
such as mean, median, mode, S.D., skewness, kurtosis and ANOVA were used to
analyse the data.
Findings: 1. There was no significant difference in environmental awareness among
adolescents in relation to gender. 2. There was significant mean difference in
environmental awareness among adolescents in relation to location. 3. There was no
significant mean difference in environmental awareness among adolescents in relation
to social category i.e. Scheduled Class (SC), Backward Class (BC) and General
category. 4. There was no significant interaction effect of scientific attitude with i)
gender, ii) location and iii) social category on environmental awareness among
adolescents. 5. There was significant relationship of environmental awareness with
scientific attitude among adolescents.

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(16). Kaur, J. (2017). Environmental Awareness among +1 class school
students of Hoshiarpur District. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social
Science, 22(7). 7-12. Retrieved from www.iosrjournals.org.
Objectives: 1. To determine the environmental awareness among +1 class school
students of Hoshiarpur district 2. Comparison of the environmental awareness among
+1 class boys and girls. 3. Comparison the environmental awareness among +1 class
science and humanities group students.
Methodology: Sample of 200 students from Private and Govt. Senior Secondary
schools of Hoshiarpur District were selected giving due weightage to gender (equal
boys and girls) and stream of study (equal students from arts and science stream).
Concept Achievement Test (ECAT) was used for collection of data which was prepared
and standardized by Dr. S.K.Bawa, Dean, Faculty of Education, Lovely University
Phagwara, Punjab. The investigator followed descriptive statistical methods for
processing of data.
Findings: 1. 79.7% of the students have average and higher environmental awareness.
69.4% have average environmental awareness and 9.8% have higher environmental
awareness. Only 20.4% of the total sample was having lower environmental awareness
i.e. they were not aware of the environmental issues. 2. Girls were more aware than
boys towards environment. 3. Science students were more conscious towards
environmental issues than arts students.
(17). Mwendwa, B. (2017). Learning for Sustainable Development:
Integrating Environmental Education in the Curriculum of Ordinary
Secondary Schools in Tanzania. Journal of Sustainability Education, 12.
Retrieved from http://www.susted.com/wordpress/content/learning-for-
sustainable-development-integrating-environmental-education-in-the-
curriculum-of-ordinary-secondary-schools-in-tanzania_2017_02/.
Objectives: 1. To assess the extent to which curriculum of secondary schools in
Tanzania addresses sustainable education through integration of environmental
education. 2. To evaluates the subjects used to deliver environmental education in

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secondary school. 3. To study the perceptions, challenges, and recommendations for
implementing environmental education.
Methodology: This research adopted a case study, qualitative approach to study the
subject matter in its natural settings while making sense of the contents of the subjects
and perceptions of stakeholders. Cross sectional, stratified sampling involved both
students from all classes, experienced teachers in geography and biology and a head
teacher as well.
Findings: It was found that most environmental education competencies are delivered
mainly through the geography subject, and some in biology using an integrated teaching
approach. Students and teachers were fairly knowledgeable and had understanding of
basic environmental issues. Main challenges facing implementation of environmental
education included an integrated learning approach, inadequate knowledge on
environmental education, lack of support from each other and from school
administration, and cultural myths and beliefs.
(18). Singh, N.K. (2017). Relation between Environmental Awareness and
Scientific Attitude. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science
Invention, 6(7). 54-57. Retrieved from www.ijhssi.org.
Objectives: To study the relationship between the environmental awareness and
scientific attitude.
Methodology: This study was the survey type of research in Jaunpur district at
secondary level. Population was U.P. board running schools class 10th only. Sample
size has been selected 300 through random technique in which half-half (50-50) %
based on locality and sexes. Environmental Awareness Ability Measure (EAAM)
developed by Jha. P.K. (2005) and scientific attitude scale developed by Greval. A.
(1990) were used for the study. C R Value was computed for analysis.

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Findings: 1. There exist a low positive correlation between environmental awareness
and scientific attitude of high school boys students. 2. There was no relationship
between environmental awareness and scientific attitude of high school girls students.
3. There was low positive correlation between environmental awareness and scientific
attitude of high school rural students. 4. There was low positive correlation between
environmental awareness and scientific attitude of high school urban students. 5. There
was low positive correlation between environmental awareness and scientific attitude.
(19). Sultan, N., Hossen, M.S. & Khatun, R. (2017). Assessment of
Environmental Knowledge and Attitude of Secondary Level Students of
Tangail, Bangladesh. International Journal of Research in Environmental
Science, 3(2). 41-46. Retrieved from www.arcjournals.org.
Objectives: The main objectives of the study was to assess the environmental
knowledge and attitude of secondary level students.
Methodology: 300 students of class 9th
and 10th
grade were randomly selected from 10
different private and government schools of rural and urban area. The data were
collected using questionnaire having 6 sections constructed by author themselves. The
entire questionnaire was constructed in English and translated in native language
Bengali. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the characteristic of sample and
proportion of answer by respondents for each item. T-test was also done to find out the
significant level of some variables.
Findings: 1. Results of the study revealed that the level of environmental knowledge
of the secondary level student was high. Their average knowledge level was 15.83
(±3.07) out of 20. 2. They had positive attitude towards environment. 3. The order of
environmental knowledge and environmental attitude of the students group was
Science> Commerce> Arts and Arts> Commerce> Science, respectively. 4.
Government school students had high attitude level than private schools. 5. In case of
gender of students there were no significant differences in environmental knowledge
and attitude. 6. Urban students had higher knowledge level and rural students had higher

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attitude level. 7. Higher education of parents influenced the environmental awareness
of students. 8. About fifty percent students thought television was one of the most
important sources of environmental awareness.
(20). Medhi, R. (2018). Environmental awareness among high school
students of Kamrup district. International journal of basic and applied
research, 8(12). 648-653. Retrieved from www.pragatipublication.com.
Objectives: 1. To find out the Environmental Awareness of high School students of
Kamrup district. 2. To find out the significant difference in the environmental awareness
of Boys and Girls of high School students 3. To find out the significant difference in
the environmental awareness of government and private high School students.
Methodology: Descriptive research method was used. Random sampling was
performed for taking sample. The sample for the study consisted of 100 high school
students of both the sexes and belonged to both government and private high schools
(three government and three private schools) of Kamrup District. The investigator
himself constructed a well standardized tool for measuring the awareness of high school
students towards environmental awareness. Mean, Standard deviation and „t‟ test were
the statistical techniques used for carrying out the analysis and interpretation of the data
collected.
Findings: There was no significant difference between the mean scores of the boys and
girls studying in high school standard on the environmental awareness of Guwahati city.
There was significant difference in the environmental awareness of the students
studying in private and government high schools of the same city.
(21). Edsand, H.E. & Broich, T. (2019). The Impact of Environmental
Education on Environmental and Renewable Energy Technology
Awareness: Empirical Evidence from Colombia. International Journal of
Science and Mathematics Education. 611-634. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10763-019-09988-x.

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Objectives: 1. To investigate the extent to which environmental education (EE) at
school can explain variation in environmental literacy of 15-year-olds in Colombia. 2.
To study the extent to which environmental education (EE) in schools explain variation
in environmental awareness of 15-year-olds. 3. To study the extent to which
environmental education (EE) explain variations in awareness for renewable energy
technologies (RETs) of 15-year-olds. 4. To study the impact of individual-level
characteristics, such as personal, demographic characteristics, student science abilities,
or parental values and on varying levels of environmental literacy. 5. To study the extent
to which the school infrastructure (public versus private school, school size, teacher-
student ratio, teacher shortage, proportion of qualified and/or certified teachers, quality
of educational resources, etc.) promote environmental literacy.
Methodology: The selection of schools was made by PISA using random selection,
making the sample representative for the Colombian school population (OECD, 2007).
The final sample for Colombia consists of 4478 students in 165 schools. A two-level
nested model was used, where the individual observations are nested within schools.
Based on the maximum likelihood estimation method, linear mixed model which
contains both fixed effects and random effects was estimated.
Findings: There was weak evidence that environmental education can promote a higher
level of environmental awareness. The relationship between environmental education
and awareness of renewable energy technologies (RETs) have found to be even weaker.
Findings suggest that environmental education should not be considered a magic bullet
in promoting environmental literacy among students. Additionally, it have been found
that, the socio-economic status, stronger student science abilities, parent characteristics,
and a few school-level characteristics such as quality of education resources and school
ownership (public versus private) seems to be more reliable predictors for
environmental awareness than for awareness of RETs.

20. 20
Identified Research Trends-
The review of researches related to environmental education in above section
reflect following research trends:
1. The first category of studies are concerned with Awareness aspect of
Environment
2. The second category of studies are related with Attitude towards
environment
3. The third category of studies are related with Curriculum & Teaching
Strategies
4. The fourth category of studies are related with various kinds of activities
related to environmental education and impact of nearby community.
Very few studies are found to be on curricular aspect. No study is found to be
related to teacher educators and environmental ethics. In many cases sample size
was found to be very less to make generalization in broader context. There is huge
scope of researches in this area. Therefore, researches should be performed in
untouched areas to accommodate the needs of current scenario related to
environmental education to ensure positive, sustainable and environment friendly
attitude of learners.

21. 21
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