This document discusses environmental disasters, including both natural and man-made types. It provides examples of various natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, floods, droughts and others. It also discusses man-made disasters such as nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, fire accidents, travel accidents, and terrorism. For each type of disaster, it outlines precautions people can take to protect themselves and mitigate damage.

1. Environmental Science BBA( 4th M-C)
Government College University Faisalabad.
PRESENTATION

2. GROUP MEMBERS
• Submitted By :
Mudassir Ali ( 3620 )
Muhammad Talha ( 3636 )
Awais Anwer ( 3629 )
Umer Waseem ( 3627 )
Tasaduq Rasool ( 3651 )
• Submitted To:
Prof. Maam Urooj
• Topic:
Environmental Disasters

3. Definition:
An environmental disaster
is an incident which takes
place due to naturally or
human actions, results in
a harmful impact upon the
natural environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS

4. • There are two main
types of environmental
disasters.
1. Natural Disasters
1. Man-Made Disasters
TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS

5. NATURAL DISASTERS
A natural disaster is a major adverse
event resulting from natural processes
of the Earth. A natural disaster can
cause loss of life or damage property,
and typically leaves some economic
damage in its wake, the severity of
which depends on the affected
population's resilience and on the
infrastructure available. Examples
include floods, hurricanes, tornadoes,
volcanic eruptions, earthquakes,
tsunamis, storms, and other geologic processes

6. • Earthquake :
A sudden violent shaking
of the ground, typically
causing great destruction,
as a result of movements
within the earth's crust or
volcanic action.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

7. • Volcanic eruptions:
Volcanic eruptions happen when lava and gas are discharged
from a volcanic vent. The most common consequences of this
are population movements as large
numbers of people are often forced
to flee the moving lava flow. Volcanic
eruptions often cause temporary food
shortages and volcanic ash landslides
called Lahar.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

8. • Cyclone
A system of winds rotating
inwards to an area of low
barometric pressure, with
an anticlockwise (northern
hemisphere) or clockwise
(southern hemisphere)
circulation; a depression.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

9. • Flood:
An overflow of a large
amount of water beyond
its normal limits, especially
over what is normally
dry land.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

10. • Drought:
A prolonged period of
abnormally low rainfall,
leading to a shortage of
water. It can have a
substantial impact on the
ecosystem and agriculture
of the affected region and
harm to the local economy.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

11. • Tornado:
A mobile, destructive vortex
of violently rotating winds
having the appearance of a
funnel-shaped cloud and
advancing beneath a large
storm system.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

12. • Tsunami:
A long, high sea wave
caused by an earthquake,
the displacement of a large
volume of water or other
disturbance.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

13. • Sinkhole
A cavity in the ground,
especially in a limestone
formation, caused by
water erosion and providing
a route for surface water to
disappear underground.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

14. • Avalanches and landslides:
The main difference between landslide and avalanche is
that landslides occur on land whereas avalanches occur on
snow. Both landslide and avalanche refer to the movement
of a large stationary mass under the force of gravity.
These are very dangerous processes that can cause
manydamages and deaths.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

15. • Hailstorms
A hailstorm is an unusual
weather phenomenon in
which balls of ice, called
hail, fall from the sky. The
ice balls are nothing more
than solid precipitation that
will form under certain conditions.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

16. • cold and heat waves:
Heat waves are periods of
unusually high temperatures,
usually lasting three days to
three weeks. Cold snaps are
commonly three days to three
weeks in duration, with
temperatures usually falling below -15°C (5°F).
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

17. • Wildfire:
A wildfire, bushfire, wildland
fire or rural fire is an
unplanned, unwanted,
uncontrolled fire in an
area of combustible
vegetation starting in
rural areas and urban areas.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

18. • Blizzard:
Blizzard, severe weather
condition that is distinguished
by low temperatures, strong
winds, and large quantities
of either falling or blowing
snow.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

19. • Thunderstorms and lighting:
Every thunderstorm produces lightning, which
kills more people each year than tornadoes. Heavy
rain from thunderstorms
can lead to flash flooding.
Strong winds, hail, and
tornadoes are also dangers
associated with some
thunderstorms.
TYPE OF NATURAL DISASTERS

20. Disasters Year Event Location Death Toll
Earthquake 1976 Tangshan
Earthquake
China 242,769-
655,000
Volcanic
Eruption
1815 Eruption of
Mount Tambora
Indonesia 71,000+
Cyclone 1970 Bhola Cyclone Bangladesh 500,000+
Tornado 1989 Manikganj Bangladesh
Tsunami 2004 Tsunami I-O India Ocean 227,898
Avalanches
And Landslides
1786 Dadu River
Landslide Dam
China 100,000
Flood 1931 China Flood China 4000,000
Wildfire 1871 Peshtigo Fire United States 12,00-25,00
Blizzard 1972 Iran Blizzard Iran 4000
Heat Waves 2003 Europe Heat Waves Europe 70,000
LIST OF NATURAL DISASTERS

21. THE CAUSES OF NATURAL
DISASTERS
The causes of natural disasters are many. Human
activities play a role in the frequency and severity of
disasters. A natural disaster is a disruption in the
balance of the environment. The human factor raises
the cost, in both property damage and loss of life.
Understanding the causes of natural disaster can
provide clues to their prevention. Not all natural
disasters can be prevented. Each natural disaster has
its own factors and complications. Understanding the
basic principles of ecology can provide keys to
lessening their effects. Nature evolved with natural
disasters and disturbance. The best prevention is
looking at the strategies found in nature.

22. MAN MADE DISASTERS
A man-made disasters is a disaster resulting
from human intent, negligence, or error.
Manmade disasters can
be both intentional and
unintentional. It results
in huge loss of life and
property. It further
affects a person's mental,
physical and social
well-being.

23. 34%
26%
27%
13%
The Causes Of Man Made Disasters Are
Ignorance illiteracy Carelessness Unawreness
REASONS FOR MAN MADE
DISASTERS REASONS

24. 1. Nuclear Disasters:
A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the
International Atomic agency as an “event that has led to
significant consequences to people,
the environment or the facility”.
Examples include lethal effects to
individuals, large radioactivity
release to the environment, or
“reactor core melt.”
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

25. • Precautions of Nuclear Disasters:
Common indicators of these disasters are vomiting ,
nausea , dizziness etc. Don’t look at fire as it causes
instant blindness Close all doors and windows as
radioactivity doesn’t penetrate into solid structures
Cover all food and water and listen govt. orders.
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

26. • Chemical Disaster:
Disasters that are caused by
the excessive use and misuse
of chemicals in industries are
called chemical disasters . The
irresponsible handling of
powerful chemicals can cause
widespread devastation.
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

27. • Precautions Chemical Disaster:
Industries using harmful and powerful chemicals
should be located far away from residential areas
There should be surveys to
keep a check on their activity
The govt. should formulate
an emergency plan to in case
of an accident Pollution levels
should be checked and maintained.
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

28. • Biological Disaster:
These are referred as poor mans nuclear bomb as
these are easy to manufacture , transport and have the
ability to kill hundreds
and thousands of people.
They are delivered using
dusting airplanes or small
perfumes atomizers . They
have ability to generate
immediate effects.
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

29. • Precautions Of Biological Disaster:
The WHO should lay emphasis on prohibition
against biological warfare We should immediately
get away from an suspicious
thing Cover your mouth with
a wet cloth Listen to T.V.
and Radio for further
GOVT. instructions.
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

30. • Fire Accidents:
Accidents that are caused
due to fire are quite common . Fire results in
heavy damage both in terms
of life and property . Loss of
life is high in a crowded
building.
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

31. • Precautions of Fire Accidents:
The main reason is poor wiring and faulty electrical
equipment , leaking gas or carelessly thrown cigarettes
and matches The main power
supply source is good condition.
Wire should be properly covered
Inflammable things should be
kept out of reach of children Power
points shouldn’t be overloaded.
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

32. • Travel Accidents:
Travel accidents are quite
common. An accident which
involves a no. of people
becomes a disaster. Eg of
these disasters are air crashes ,
train or vehicles collisions ,
capsizing of boats etc
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

33. • Precautions OF Travel Accidents:
All efforts should be made to carry victims to
nearby hospital If possible, first aid can be given
to victims It is the duty of
people present there to get
trapped people out If we
smell fuel at accident site ,
warn people and don’t light fire.
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

34. • Terrorism:
This is another type of
disaster that results in
loss of life and property.
Terrorists use violence and
strike without warning.
They use bombs , guns
etc to terrorize people
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

35. • Precautions Of Terrorism:
We must inform police if we come across any
suspected group of people We must stay away
from any suspicious things
and inform police about that.
Do not accept packages from
strangers Do not leave luggage
unattended while travelling
TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

36. Bhopal: the Union
Carbide gas leak .
Chernobyl: Russian
nuclear power plant
explosion
SOME EXAMPLES OF MAN MADE
DISASTERS

37. The 1952 London
smog disaster.
Seveso: Italian
dioxin crisis
SOME EXAMPLES OF MAN MADE
DISASTERS

38. Major oil spills of
the 20th and 21st
Century.
The Love Canal
chemical waste dump.
SOME EXAMPLES OF MAN MADE
DISASTERS

39. • The disasters has only caused loss to life and property,
the animals face the threat of extinction, good yielding
land turns into a waste land humans suffer from severe
ailments every where there is a health problem.
EFFECTS OF MAN MADE DISASTERS